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Diagnostics
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Medical Optical Imaging: Current Diagnostics, Therapeutic and Surgical Applications in...
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Medical Optical Imaging: Current Diagnostics, Therapeutic and Surgical Applications in Ophthalmology

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2022) | Viewed by 15635

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Daniele Tognetto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University Eye Clinic of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy
Interests: optical coherence tomography angiography; diabetic macular edema; intravitreal dexamethasone implant; diabetic retinopathy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Mario Damiano Toro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of General Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland
Interests: cataract surgery; ocular trauma managment; vitreoretinal surgery; experimental ocular surgery; 3D surgery; secondary IOL implantation; pole-to-pole surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Antoine Pierre Brézin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Université de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
Interests: cataract surgery; dry eye; uveitis
Dr. Omid Kermani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Augenklin Neumarkt, Katarakt & Refrakt Chirurg, Schildergasse 107-109, D-50667 Cologne, Germany
Interests: cataract and refractive surgery
Dr. Boris Malyugin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Russian Federation, 127486 Moscow, Russia
Interests: advanced cataract and corneal surgeries

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The anatomy of the eyes is unique because it allows ophthalmologists to see inside the body, exploiting the principles of illumination and magnification. Imaging technologies have radically evolved during the past few decades. The introduction of imaging tools has significantly improved the diagnosis; the treatment, including intraoperative applications; and the follow-up of many ophthalmic conditions. Unfortunately, some of the data provided by innovative tools are still only employed in research settings because of a lack of a consensus for their use in routine clinical practice.

The aim of this Special Issue is to share information about newly developed methodologies and advancements in optical imaging technology in the field of ophthalmology.

The scope of the issue will include original studies on innovative technologies and/or methods applied to the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of anterior and posterior segment diseases. Studies dealing with multimodal imaging methods as well as reviews on currently available tools will also be accepted.

Prof. Dr. Daniele Tognetto
Dr. Mario Damiano Toro
Dr. Antoine Pierre Brézin
Dr. Omid Kermani
Dr. Boris Malyugin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Optical imaging
  • Optical coherence tomography (OCT)
  • Intraoperative OCT
  • OCT angiography
  • Imaging systems
  • Biomedical optics
  • In vivo imaging
  • Polarization
  • Fluorescence imaging
  • Fundus autofluorescence imaging.

Related Special Issues

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 2837 KiB  
Article
Reproducibility and Reliability of Spectralis II OCT Angiography Vascular Measurements
by Marco R. Pastore, Alberto Grotto, Francesca Vezzoni, Andrea Gaggino, Serena Milan, Stefano Gouigoux, Pier Luigi Guerin, Alex L. Vinciguerra, Gabriella Cirigliano and Daniele Tognetto
Diagnostics 2022, 12(8), 1908; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics12081908 - 07 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1401
Abstract
Purpose: to investigate the reproducibility and reliability of OCT-A vascular measurements using Heidelberg Spectralis II OCT-A. Methods: a prospective study involving a single eye of patients aged 18 or older with no ocular disease. In order to investigate the reliability of the first [...] Read more.
Purpose: to investigate the reproducibility and reliability of OCT-A vascular measurements using Heidelberg Spectralis II OCT-A. Methods: a prospective study involving a single eye of patients aged 18 or older with no ocular disease. In order to investigate the reliability of the first and second OCT-A scans, the coefficient of variation of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and the vessel density (VD) in the superficial (SCP), intermediate (ICP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) were calculated. Results: A total of 75 eyes were included in the study. The mean FAZ in the first and second scan was 0.36 × 0.13 mm2 and 0.37 × 0.12 mm2, respectively, in the SCP, 0.23 × 0.10 mm2 and 0.23 × 0.09 mm2 in the ICP, and 0.42 × 0.11 mm2 and 0.43 × 0.12 mm2 in the DCP. The overall VD was 36.05 × 9.01 and 35.33 × 9.92 at the first and second scan, respectively, in the SCP, 21.87 × 5.00 and 21.32 × 5.56 in the ICP, and 23.84 × 6.53 and 23.20 × 6.83 in the DCP. No statistically significant differences in FAZ measurements and VD in all sectors of each capillary plexus were observed between the first and second scan (p > 0.05). Conclusion: our study demonstrated the good reproducibility and reliability of OCT-A vascular measurements in the analysis of the FAZ and the quantification of VD in each capillary plexus of the retina. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medical Optical Imaging: Current Diagnostics, Therapeutic and Surgical Applications in Ophthalmology)
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12 pages, 2085 KiB  
Article
Keratoconus Diagnostic and Treatment Algorithms Based on Machine-Learning Methods
by Boris Malyugin, Sergej Sakhnov, Svetlana Izmailova, Ernest Boiko, Nadezhda Pozdeyeva, Lyubov Axenova, Kirill Axenov, Aleksej Titov, Anna Terentyeva, Tamriko Zakaraiia and Viktoriya Myasnikova
Diagnostics 2021, 11(10), 1933; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11101933 - 19 Oct 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2614
Abstract
The accurate diagnosis of keratoconus, especially in its early stages of development, allows one to utilise timely and proper treatment strategies for slowing the progression of the disease and provide visual rehabilitation. Various keratometry indices and classifications for quantifying the severity of keratoconus [...] Read more.
The accurate diagnosis of keratoconus, especially in its early stages of development, allows one to utilise timely and proper treatment strategies for slowing the progression of the disease and provide visual rehabilitation. Various keratometry indices and classifications for quantifying the severity of keratoconus have been developed. Today, many of them involve the use of the latest methods of computer processing and data analysis. The main purpose of this work was to develop a machine-learning-based algorithm to precisely determine the stage of keratoconus, allowing optimal management of patients with this disease. A multicentre retrospective study was carried out to obtain a database of patients with keratoconus and to use machine-learning techniques such as principal component analysis and clustering. The created program allows for us to distinguish between a normal state; preclinical keratoconus; and stages 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the disease, with an accuracy in terms of the AUC of 0.95 to 1.00 based on keratotopographer readings, relative to the adapted Amsler–Krumeich algorithm. The predicted stage and additional diagnostic criteria were then used to create a standardised keratoconus management algorithm. We also developed a web-based interface for the algorithm, providing us the opportunity to use the software in a clinical environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medical Optical Imaging: Current Diagnostics, Therapeutic and Surgical Applications in Ophthalmology)
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12 pages, 30393 KiB  
Article
Comparison between Widefield Optical Coherence Tomography Devices in Eyes with High Myopia
by Federico Corvi, Federico Zicarelli, Matteo Airaldi, Salvatore Parrulli, Mariano Cozzi, Davide Monteduro, Francesco Romano, SriniVas R. Sadda and Giovanni Staurenghi
Diagnostics 2021, 11(4), 658; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11040658 - 06 Apr 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2469
Abstract
Background: To compare four different optical coherence tomography (OCT) devices for visualization of retinal and subretinal layers in highly myopic eyes. Methods: In this prospective, observational, cross-sectional study, consecutive patients with high myopia and control subjects were imaged by four OCT devices: Spectralis [...] Read more.
Background: To compare four different optical coherence tomography (OCT) devices for visualization of retinal and subretinal layers in highly myopic eyes. Methods: In this prospective, observational, cross-sectional study, consecutive patients with high myopia and control subjects were imaged by four OCT devices: Spectralis OCT2, PlexElite 2.0 100 kHz, PlexElite 2.0 200 kHz and the Canon Xephilio OCT-S1. The acquisition protocol for comparison consisted of single vertical and horizontal line scans centered on the fovea. Comparison between the devices in the extent of visible retina, presence of conjugate image or mirror artifacts, visibility of the sclerochoroidal interface and retrobulbar tissue. Results: 30 eyes with high myopia and 30 control subjects were analyzed. The visualized RPE length was significantly different between the OCT devices with Xephilio OCT-S1 imaging the largest extent (p < 0.0001). The proportion of eyes with conjugate image artifact was significantly higher with the Spectralis OCT (p < 0.0001), and lower with the PlexElite 200 kHz (p < 0.0001). No difference in visibility of the sclerochoroidal interface was noted among instruments. The retrobulbar tissue was visible in a higher proportion of eyes using swept-source PlexElite 100 kHz and 200 kHz (p < 0.007) compared to the other devices. Conclusions: In highly myopic eyes, the four OCT devices demonstrated significant differences in the extent of the retina imaged, in the prevalence of conjugate image artifact, and in the visualization of the retrobulbar tissue. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medical Optical Imaging: Current Diagnostics, Therapeutic and Surgical Applications in Ophthalmology)
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12 pages, 800 KiB  
Article
Relationship between Axial Length and Corneo-Scleral Topography: A Preliminary Study
by Laurent Bataille, Ainhoa Molina-Martín and David P. Piñero
Diagnostics 2021, 11(3), 542; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11030542 - 18 Mar 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1774
Abstract
The main objective of the current study was to investigate further the relationship of the overall length of the eye with a great variety of anterior segment parameters, including scleral geometry. A total of 64 eyes of 32 participants with ages from 12 [...] Read more.
The main objective of the current study was to investigate further the relationship of the overall length of the eye with a great variety of anterior segment parameters, including scleral geometry. A total of 64 eyes of 32 participants with ages from 12 to 52 years were included in this prospective non-randomized single-center study. All participants underwent a complete eye examination, including an analysis of corneo-scleral shape with a Fourier-domain profilometer. A strong negative correlation was found between axial length and temporal-nasal ocular sagittal height difference for different chord lengths. For the right eye, a consistent and stable linear model was obtained to predict the axial length from the spherical equivalent, the corneal diameter, the high-order aberrations root mean square, and the minimum sagittal height for 13- and 14-mm chord. For the left eye, a model was obtained to predict the axial length from the spherical equivalent and the mean corneal curvature, including other parameters such as corneal diameter or high-order aberrations, depending on the chord length, considered for estimating the sagittal height values. More studies with larger samples are needed to confirm these preliminary outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medical Optical Imaging: Current Diagnostics, Therapeutic and Surgical Applications in Ophthalmology)
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9 pages, 5033 KiB  
Article
Clinical Observation of Allergic Conjunctival Diseases with Portable and Recordable Slit-Lamp Device
by Hiroyuki Yazu, Eisuke Shimizu, Shinri Sato, Naohiko Aketa, Taiichiro Katayama, Ryota Yokoiwa, Yasunori Sato, Kazumi Fukagawa, Yoko Ogawa, Kazuo Tsubota and Hiroshi Fujishima
Diagnostics 2021, 11(3), 535; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11030535 - 17 Mar 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3079
Abstract
Background: The incidence of allergic conjunctival diseases (ACDs) is gradually increasing worldwide. Both ophthalmologists and non-ophthalmologists prescribe eye drops to treat ACDs; however, there are many cases which are treated without sufficient examination and diagnosis of the eyes. We have invented a portable, [...] Read more.
Background: The incidence of allergic conjunctival diseases (ACDs) is gradually increasing worldwide. Both ophthalmologists and non-ophthalmologists prescribe eye drops to treat ACDs; however, there are many cases which are treated without sufficient examination and diagnosis of the eyes. We have invented a portable, recordable, and smartphone-attachable slit-lamp device—Smart Eye Camera (SEC). The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic abilities of ACDs between the SEC and the conventional, non-portable slit-lamp microscope. Methods: This prospective observational study included 32 eyes of 17 Japanese patients (mean age: 21.5 ± 14.8 years; range: 11–51 years; female: 5). The severity of 10 objective signs in the palpebral conjunctiva, bulbar conjunctiva, limbus, and cornea were scored on a grading scale of 0 to 4 (0 = normal; 1+ = mild; 2+ = moderate; 3+ = severe), respectively. First, the conventional slit-lamp microscope was used to examine the grade of the ACDs. Second, another ophthalmologist filmed the eyes using the SEC and two other ophthalmologists evaluated the grades on another day. The correlation and inter-rater reproducibility in total scores among the two devices were determined. Results: Total scores of clinical signs, evaluated by the two approaches, correlated significantly (both eyes: r = 0.918 (95% CI: 0.839 to 0.959; p < 0.001)), with substantial inter-rater agreement (weighted κ value = 0.631 (95% CI: 0.601 to 0.661; p < 0.001)). Conclusions: The SEC is as reliable as the conventional non-portable slit-lamp microscope for assessing ACDs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medical Optical Imaging: Current Diagnostics, Therapeutic and Surgical Applications in Ophthalmology)
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Review

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9 pages, 3465 KiB  
Review
Moving beyond the Slit-Lamp Gonioscopy: Challenges and Future Opportunities
by Carlo Alberto Cutolo, Chiara Bonzano, Riccardo Scotto, Michele Iester, Alessandro Bagnis, Chiara Pizzorno, Carlo Catti and Carlo Enrico Traverso
Diagnostics 2021, 11(12), 2279; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11122279 - 06 Dec 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2837
Abstract
After almost a century from its introduction in clinical practice, slit-lamp gonioscopy is still considered the reference standard for evaluating the anterior chamber angle (ACA). Gonioscopy is essential for diagnosing angle closure disease, and ACA features are included in glaucoma’s diagnostics and treatments [...] Read more.
After almost a century from its introduction in clinical practice, slit-lamp gonioscopy is still considered the reference standard for evaluating the anterior chamber angle (ACA). Gonioscopy is essential for diagnosing angle closure disease, and ACA features are included in glaucoma’s diagnostics and treatments algorithms. However, shortcomings of slit-lamp gonioscopy include a steep learning curve, lack of agreement between examiners and poor documentation. Thanks to advances in miniaturization and computing, new instruments for digital gonioscopy have been developed and marketed. This narrative review focuses on the Gonioscope GS-1, which permits semi-automated circumferential documentation of the ACA in real-colour photographs. Advantages and disadvantages of GS-1 compared with slit-lamp gonioscopy and other ACA imaging technologies such as optical coherence tomography are discussed. Finally, potential opportunities offered by this device for telemedicine, virtual clinics, and automatic classification with deep learning are presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Medical Optical Imaging: Current Diagnostics, Therapeutic and Surgical Applications in Ophthalmology)
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