Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
3.6
3.6
Journals
Diagnostics
Special Issues
Peripheral Arterial Disease: Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-Up
share announcement

Peripheral Arterial Disease: Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-Up

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2022) | Viewed by 15533

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Çağdaş Ünlü

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Surgery, Northwest Clinics, Wilhelminalaan 12, 1815 JD Alkmaar, The Netherlands
Interests: vascular surgery; peripheral arterial disease; critical limb ischemia; aneurysm; carotid; endovascular treatment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is known for impaired walking distance, ischemic rest pain and ulcers that hardly heal. Worldwide, the prevalence is between 3 and 12%, and its incidence is increasing. Due to developments in endovascular devices and techniques, treatment options have been increased in the last two decades. However, the vulnerability and the multimorbidity of this patient population, calcified lesions and multilevel disease make PAD still challenging to treat.

Early detection of PAD may help in preventing progression into chronic limb-threatening ischemia. Once at that stage, treatment is more difficult and major amputation may be inevitable for some patients. Even when treated, restenosis can develop, ulcers can get infected and minor amputation may be necessary. The whole spectrum from pathophysiology to diagnosis, treatment and follow-up requires improvement to enhance outcomes for patients.

This Diagnostics Special Issue deals with the above-mentioned aspects of PAD. Research related to PAD that addresses imaging technologies, diagnostic tools, clinical applications or risk factor analysis are the focus of this Special Issue.

Dr. Çağdaş Ünlü
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • peripheral arterial disease
  • chronic limb-threatening ischemia
  • ischemic ulcers
  • endovascular treatment
  • percutaneous transluminal angioplasty
  • duplex ultrasound
  • stents
  • restenosis
  • patency
  • infrapopliteal
  • femoropopliteal

Published Papers (5 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

Jump to: Review

15 pages, 784 KiB  
Article
Elevated Serum Cystatin C and Decreased Cathepsin S/Cystatin C Ratio Are Associated with Severe Peripheral Arterial Disease and Polyvascular Involvement
by Előd Ernő Nagy, Attila Puskás, Piroska Kelemen, Katalin Makó, Zoltán Brassai, Jolán Hársfalvi and Attila Frigy
Diagnostics 2022, 12(4), 833; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics12040833 - 28 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 5925
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is frequently associated with atherosclerotic manifestations of the carotids and coronaries. Polyvascular involvement and low ankle–brachial index predict major cardiovascular events and high mortality. Cathepsin S (Cat S) promotes the inflammatory pathways of the arterial wall, while Cystatin C [...] Read more.
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is frequently associated with atherosclerotic manifestations of the carotids and coronaries. Polyvascular involvement and low ankle–brachial index predict major cardiovascular events and high mortality. Cathepsin S (Cat S) promotes the inflammatory pathways of the arterial wall, while Cystatin C (Cys C) functions as its inhibitor; therefore, Cys C was proposed to be a biomarker of progression in PAD. In a single-center observational study, we investigated the correlations of serum Cys C and Cat S/Cys C ratio in a group of 90 PAD patients, predominantly with polyvascular involvement. Cys C and Cat S/Cys C were associated with ankle–brachial index (ABI) scores <0.4 in univariate and multiple regression models. Furthermore, both markers correlated positively with the plasma Von Willebrand Factor Antigen (VWF: Ag) and Von Willebrand Factor collagen-binding activity (VWF: CB). In addition, Cat S/Cys C was significantly decreased, whereas Cys C increased in subjects with three-bed atherosclerotic involvement. According to our results, high serum Cys C and low Cat S/Cys C ratios may indicate severe peripheral arterial disease and polyvascular atherosclerotic involvement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Peripheral Arterial Disease: Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-Up)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 1722 KiB  
Article
Beyond the Patient’s Report: Self-Reported, Subjective, Objective and Estimated Walking Disability in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease
by Nicola Lamberti, Lorenzo Caruso, Giovanni Piva, Luca Traina, Valentina Ficarra, Paolo Zamboni, Vincenzo Gasbarro and Fabio Manfredini
Diagnostics 2021, 11(11), 1991; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11111991 - 26 Oct 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1448
Abstract
Among patients with peripheral artery disease, an altered estimation of walking ability reported to the physician may influence the choice of treatment. We compared claudication distance (CD) values reported by patients or assessed by validated protocols to elaborate a formula capable of estimating [...] Read more.
Among patients with peripheral artery disease, an altered estimation of walking ability reported to the physician may influence the choice of treatment. We compared claudication distance (CD) values reported by patients or assessed by validated protocols to elaborate a formula capable of estimating more reliable values. Three hundred fifty-nine patients with claudication were measured at the time of entry into a rehabilitation program. Walking performance was obtained by patients’ reports (self-reported claudication distance, SR-CD) and was directly assessed to determine the claudication and maximal walking distance by the 6-min test (6-CD and 6-MWD) and an incremental treadmill test (T-CD and T-MWD). The degree of muscle deoxygenation was objectively determined at the calf by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during the treadmill test. Among the 289 subjects analyzed, SR-CD exceeded both 6-CD and T-CD (+155 and +182 m, respectively). SR-CD was moderately correlated with T-CD (r = 0.30), 6-CD (r = 0.32), and 6-MWD (r = 0.29) but not with muscle deoxygenation per meter walked, unlike T-CD and 6-CD. A formula adjusted for the presence of diabetes reduced patient overestimation by 92%. The patient’s reported claudication distance was generally overestimated compared to objective measures, and it was made more reliable through a corrective factor for easy use in a clinical setting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Peripheral Arterial Disease: Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-Up)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 862 KiB  
Article
Infrared Thermography as a Diagnostic Tool for the Assessment of Patients with Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease Undergoing Infrafemoral Endovascular Revascularisations
by Gladiol Zenunaj, Nicola Lamberti, Fabio Manfredini, Luca Traina, Pierfilippo Acciarri, Francesca Bisogno, Sabrina Scian, Raffaele Serra, Giulio Abatangelo and Vincenzo Gasbarro
Diagnostics 2021, 11(9), 1701; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11091701 - 17 Sep 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2791
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility and reliability of temperature foot changes measured by infrared thermography (IRT) for the evaluation of patients with atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) before and after endovascular revascularisation. Methods: This is an observational [...] Read more.
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility and reliability of temperature foot changes measured by infrared thermography (IRT) for the evaluation of patients with atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) before and after endovascular revascularisation. Methods: This is an observational prospective study carried out on symptomatic PAD patients. Evaluations consisted of a clinical examination, duplex scan with ankle–brachial index calculation (ABI) and IRT measurements with infrared camera FLIR-ONE connected to a smartphone with android technology. Locations on the foot sampled with IRT were the anterior tibial, pedal, posterior and arcuate arteries. Results obtained with IRT on the symptomatic foot were compared to the contralateral foot and with the ABI values obtained bilaterally before and 24 h after revascularisation. Results: Within one year, 40 patients were enrolled, among whom 87,5% suffered from critical limb ischaemia. In three patients, it was impossible to obtain ABI measurements because of ulcerations on the limb. Skin temperature changes obtained by IRT between the symptomatic limb and the contralateral limb had a mean difference of 1.7 °C (range: 1.1–2.2 °C), p < 0.001. There was a positive correlation between ABI and temperature values of the limb needed for treatment before revascularisation (p = 0.025; r = 0.36) and after revascularisation (p = 0.024, r = 0.31). The technical success rate was 100% in all cases, achieving a significant increase in temperature at all points of the foot analysed, with a median change of 2 °C (p < 0.001). Conclusion: IRT is a safe, reliable and simple application. It could be a valuable tool for the assessment of the clinical presentation and severity of foot blood perfusion in symptomatic PAD patients and the evaluation of the technical success of endovascular revascularisation. IRT might have a role in follow-up of revascularisation procedures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Peripheral Arterial Disease: Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-Up)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 798 KiB  
Article
Development of a Prediction Model for the Occurrence of Stenosis or Occlusion after Percutaneous Deep Venous Arterialization
by Eline Huizing, Michiel A. Schreve, Steven Kum, Grigorios Papageorgiou, Jean-Paul P. M. de Vries, Gert J. de Borst and Çağdaş Ünlü
Diagnostics 2021, 11(6), 1008; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11061008 - 31 May 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1644
Abstract
Percutaneous deep venous arterialization (pDVA) is a promising treatment option in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia. Stenosis and occlusions, which are the Achilles’ heel of every revascularization procedure, can be treated when detected early. However, frequent monitoring after pDVA is required because when [...] Read more.
Percutaneous deep venous arterialization (pDVA) is a promising treatment option in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia. Stenosis and occlusions, which are the Achilles’ heel of every revascularization procedure, can be treated when detected early. However, frequent monitoring after pDVA is required because when stenosis or occlusions develop is unknown. Therefore, patients currently need to visit the hospital every 2 weeks for surveillance, which can be burdensome. Accordingly, we aimed to develop a model that can predict future stenosis or occlusions in patients after pDVA to be able to create tailor-made follow-up protocols. The data set included 343 peak systolic velocity and 335 volume flow measurements of 23 patients. A stenosis or occlusion developed in 17 patients, and 6 patients remained lesion-free. A statistically significant increase in the risk of stenosis or occlusion was found when duplex ultrasound values decreased 20% within 1 month. The prediction model was also able to estimate a patient-specific risk of future stenosis or occlusions. This is promising for the possibility of reducing the frequency of follow-up visits for low-risk patients and increasing the frequency for high-risk patients. These observations are the starting point for individual surveillance programs in post-pDVA patients. Future studies with a larger cohort are necessary for validation of this model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Peripheral Arterial Disease: Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-Up)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research

12 pages, 294 KiB  
Review
Sex-Specific Differences in Cardiovascular Risk, Risk Factors and Risk Management in the Peripheral Arterial Disease Population
by Anna Louise Pouncey and Mark Woodward
Diagnostics 2022, 12(4), 808; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics12040808 - 25 Mar 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2634
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in women worldwide but has been primarily recognised as a man’s disease. The major components of CVD are ischaemic heart disease (IHD), stroke and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Compared with IHD or stroke, individuals [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in women worldwide but has been primarily recognised as a man’s disease. The major components of CVD are ischaemic heart disease (IHD), stroke and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Compared with IHD or stroke, individuals with PAD are at significantly greater risk of major cardiovascular events. Despite this, they are less likely to receive preventative treatment than those with IHD. Women are at least as affected by PAD as men, but major sex-specific knowledge gaps exist in the understanding of relevant CVD risk factors and efficacy of treatment. This prompted the American Heart Association to issue a “call to action” for PAD in women, in 2012. Despite this, PAD and CVD risk in women continues to be under-recognised, leading to a loss of opportunity to moderate and prevent CVD morbidity. This review outlines current evidence regarding cardiovascular risk in women and men with PAD, the relative significance of traditional and non-traditional risk factors and sex differences in cardiovascular risk management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Peripheral Arterial Disease: Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-Up)
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-5
Back to TopTop