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Diagnostics
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MicroRNA in Diagnosis and Prognosis
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MicroRNA in Diagnosis and Prognosis

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 16732

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jungho Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea
Interests: microRNA; diagnosis; prognosis; cancer; infectious disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

MicroRNAs are small (18-25 nucleotides) noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression by binding the 3’-untranslated regions (UTRs) of the target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). microRNAs bind to the 3’-UTR of the mRNAs, thereby either inhibiting their translation or inducing their sequence-specific degradation, which leads to silencing of the respective gene expression. microRNAs can regulate multiple genes, rather than one gene, leading the activity of entire signaling networks to regulate diverse biological processes. To date, microRNAs, which are involved in various biological processes, have been used as potential diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic target biomarkers in various diseases. The simplest form of microRNA function is to modulate the target mRNA and affect the pathogenesis. Although microRNA expression and function in specific disease have been reported, little is known about their potential diagnostic or prognostic value in clinical settings.

This Special Issue aims to cover all aspects of diagnostic or prognostic biomarker identification and validation and adaptation of biomarkers to clinical characteristics. Studies on the new approaches to microRNA isolation and detection are also invited.

Dr. Jungho Kim
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • MicroRNA
  • Cancer
  • Infectious disease
  • Diagnosis
  • Prognosis

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1337 KiB  
Article
Integrated Approaches to Identify miRNA Biomarkers Associated with Cognitive Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis Using Text Mining, Gene Expression, Pathways, and GWAS
by Archana Prabahar and Kalpana Raja
Diagnostics 2022, 12(8), 1914; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics12081914 - 08 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1555
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmune disorder, affects the central nervous system of many young adults. More than half of MS patients develop cognition problems. Although several genomic and transcriptomic studies are currently reported in MS cognitive impairment, a comprehensive repository dealing with [...] Read more.
Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmune disorder, affects the central nervous system of many young adults. More than half of MS patients develop cognition problems. Although several genomic and transcriptomic studies are currently reported in MS cognitive impairment, a comprehensive repository dealing with all the experimental data is still underdeveloped. In this study, we combined text mining, gene regulation, pathway analysis, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify miRNA biomarkers to explore the cognitive dysfunction in MS, and to understand the genomic etiology of the disease. We first identified the dysregulated miRNAs associated with MS and cognitive dysfunction using PubTator (text mining), HMDD (experimental associations), miR2Disease, and PhenomiR database (differentially expressed miRNAs). Our results suggest that miRNAs such as hsa-mir-148b-3p, hsa-mir-7b-5p, and hsa-mir-7a-5p are commonly associated with MS and cognitive dysfunction. Next, we retrieved GWAS signals from GWAS Catalog, and analyzed the enrichment analysis of association signals in genes/miRNAs and their association networks. Then, we identified susceptible genetic loci, rs17119 (chromosome 6; p = 1 × 10−10), rs1843938 (chromosome 7; p = 1 × 10−10), and rs11637611 (chromosome 15; p = 1.00 × 10−15), associated with significant genetic risk. Lastly, we conducted a pathway analysis for the susceptible genetic variants and identified novel risk pathways. The ECM receptor signaling pathway (p = 3.98 × 10−8) and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway (p = 5.98 × 10−5) were found to be associated with differentially expressed miRNA biomarkers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MicroRNA in Diagnosis and Prognosis)
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13 pages, 310 KiB  
Article
Genes of the Glutamatergic System and Tardive Dyskinesia in Patients with Schizophrenia
by Olga Yu. Fedorenko, Diana Z. Paderina, Elena G. Kornetova, Evgeniya G. Poltavskaya, Ivan V. Pozhidaev, Anastasiia A. Goncharova, Maxim B. Freidin, Anna V. Bocharova, Nikolay A. Bokhan, Anton J. M. Loonen and Svetlana A. Ivanova
Diagnostics 2022, 12(7), 1521; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics12071521 - 22 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2124
Abstract
Background: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is an extrapyramidal side effect of the long-term use of antipsychotics. In the present study, the role of glutamatergic system genes in the pathogenesis of total TD, as well as two phenotypic forms, orofacial TD and limb-truncal TD, was [...] Read more.
Background: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is an extrapyramidal side effect of the long-term use of antipsychotics. In the present study, the role of glutamatergic system genes in the pathogenesis of total TD, as well as two phenotypic forms, orofacial TD and limb-truncal TD, was studied. Methods: A set of 46 SNPs of the glutamatergic system genes (GRIN2A, GRIN2B, GRIK4, GRM3, GRM7, GRM8, SLC1A2, SLC1A3, SLC17A7) was studied in a population of 704 Caucasian patients with schizophrenia. Genotyping was performed using the MassARRAY Analyzer 4 (Agena Bioscience™). Logistic regression analysis was performed to test for the association of TD with the SNPs while adjusting for confounders. Results: No statistically significant associations between the SNPs and TD were found after adjusting for multiple testing. Since three SNPs of the SLC1A2 gene demonstrated nominally significant associations, we carried out a haplotype analysis for these SNPs. This analysis identified a risk haplotype for TD comprising CAT alleles of the SLC1A2 gene SNPs rs1042113, rs10768121, and rs12361171. Nominally significant associations were identified for SLC1A3 rs2229894 and orofacial TD, as well as for GRIN2A rs7192557 and limb-truncal TD. Conclusions: Genes encoding for mGlu3, EAAT2, and EAAT1 may be involved in the development of TD in schizophrenia patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MicroRNA in Diagnosis and Prognosis)
13 pages, 1270 KiB  
Article
The Profile of MicroRNA Expression in Bone Marrow in Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas
by Yuliya A. Veryaskina, Sergei E. Titov, Igor B. Kovynev, Tatiana I. Pospelova and Igor F. Zhimulev
Diagnostics 2022, 12(3), 629; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics12030629 - 03 Mar 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1972
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHLs) are a heterogeneous group of malignant lymphomas that can occur in both lymph nodes and extranodal sites. Bone marrow (BM) is the most common site of extranodal involvement in NHL. The objective of this study is to determine the unique [...] Read more.
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHLs) are a heterogeneous group of malignant lymphomas that can occur in both lymph nodes and extranodal sites. Bone marrow (BM) is the most common site of extranodal involvement in NHL. The objective of this study is to determine the unique profile of miRNA expression in BM affected by NHL, with the possibility of a differential diagnosis of NHL from reactive BM changes and acute leukemia (AL). A total of 180 cytological samples were obtained by sternal puncture and aspiration biopsy of BM from the posterior iliac spine. All the cases were patients before treatment initiation. The study groups were NHL cases (n = 59) and AL cases (acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 25) and acute myeloid leukemia (n = 49)); the control group consisted of patients with non-cancerous blood diseases (NCBDs) (n = 48). We demonstrated that expression levels of miRNA-124, miRNA-221, and miRNA-15a are statistically significantly downregulated, while the expression level of let-7a is statistically significantly upregulated more than 2-fold in BM in NHL compared to those in AL and NCBD. ROC analysis revealed that let-7a/miRNA-124 is a highly sensitive and specific biomarker for a differential diagnosis of BM changes in NHL from those in AL and NCBD. Therefore, we conclude that analysis of miRNA expression levels may be a promising tool for early diagnosis of NHL. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MicroRNA in Diagnosis and Prognosis)
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13 pages, 1466 KiB  
Article
Identification of MicroRNAs as Potential Blood-Based Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Active Tuberculosis
by Junseong Kim, Heechul Park, Sung-Bae Park, Eun Ju Lee, Min-A Je, Eunsol Ahn, Bora Sim, Jiyoung Lee, Hyunwoo Jin, Kyung Eun Lee, Sang-Nae Cho, Young Ae Kang, Hyejon Lee, Sunghyun Kim and Jungho Kim
Diagnostics 2022, 12(2), 369; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics12020369 - 01 Feb 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2732
Abstract
Early diagnosis increases the treatment success rate for active tuberculosis (ATB) and decreases mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been studied as blood-based markers of several infectious diseases. We performed miRNA profiling to identify differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs using whole blood samples from 10 healthy [...] Read more.
Early diagnosis increases the treatment success rate for active tuberculosis (ATB) and decreases mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been studied as blood-based markers of several infectious diseases. We performed miRNA profiling to identify differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs using whole blood samples from 10 healthy controls (HCs), 15 subjects with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and 12 patients with ATB, and investigated the expression of the top six miRNAs at diagnosis and over the treatment period in addition to performing miRNA-target gene network and gene ontology analyses. miRNA profiling identified 84 DE miRNAs in patients with ATB, including 80 upregulated and four downregulated miRNAs. Receiver operating characteristic curves of the top six miRNAs exhibited excellent distinguishing efficiency with an area under curve (AUC) value > 0.85. Among them, miR-199a-3p and miR-6886-3p can differentiate between ATB and LTBI. Anti-TB treatment restored the levels of miR-199b-3p, miR-199a-3p, miR-16-5p, and miR-374c-5p to HC levels. Furthermore, 108 predicted target genes were related to the regulation of cellular amide metabolism, intrinsic apoptotic signaling, translation, transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling, and cysteine-type endopeptidase activity. The DE miRNAs identified herein are potential biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring in ATB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MicroRNA in Diagnosis and Prognosis)
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8 pages, 795 KiB  
Article
Circulating Hsa-miR-431-5p as Potential Biomarker for Squamous Cell Vulvar Carcinoma and Its Premalignant Lesions
by Mateusz Bujko, Kamil Zalewski, Martyna Szczyrek, Artur Kowalik, Joanna Boresowicz, Angelika Długosz, Krzysztof Goryca, Stanisław Góźdź and Magdalena Kowalewska
Diagnostics 2021, 11(9), 1706; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11091706 - 17 Sep 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1838
Abstract
Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) develops from high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN). This study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of circulating hsa-miR-431-5p in vulvar precancers and VSCC. Expression levels of hsa-miR-431-5p were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR [...] Read more.
Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) develops from high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN). This study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of circulating hsa-miR-431-5p in vulvar precancers and VSCC. Expression levels of hsa-miR-431-5p were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR in plasma samples of 29 patients with vulvar precancers (HSIL or dVIN), 107 with VSCC as well as 15 healthy blood donors. We used hsa-miR-93-5p and hsa-miR-425-5p as normalizers. The levels of miR-431-5p were increased in the blood of patients with VSCC compared to those with vulvar precancers. Statistically significant differences in the survival rates (time to progression) were revealed for VSCC patients categorized by miR-431-5p levels. Low levels of circulating miR-431-5p were found to be indicative of unfavorable survival rates. In summary, our data reveal the diagnostic potential of circulating miR-431-5p in patients with vulvar precancers and VSCC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MicroRNA in Diagnosis and Prognosis)
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13 pages, 809 KiB  
Article
Circulating miR-122-5p and miR-375 as Potential Biomarkers for Bone Mass Recovery after Parathyroidectomy in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Proof-of-Concept Study
by Seunghyun Lee, Namki Hong, Yongnyun Kim, Sunyoung Park, Kyoung-Jin Kim, Jongju Jeong, Hyo-Il Jung and Yumie Rhee
Diagnostics 2021, 11(9), 1704; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11091704 - 17 Sep 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2304
Abstract
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the leading cause of secondary osteoporosis. Although bone mineral density (BMD) tends to recover after parathyroidectomy in PHPT patients, the degree of recovery varies. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) profiles are known to be correlated with osteoporosis and fracture. We aimed [...] Read more.
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the leading cause of secondary osteoporosis. Although bone mineral density (BMD) tends to recover after parathyroidectomy in PHPT patients, the degree of recovery varies. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) profiles are known to be correlated with osteoporosis and fracture. We aimed to investigate whether osteoporotic fracture-related miRNAs are associated with postoperative BMD recovery in PHPT. Here, 16 previously identified osteoporotic fracture-related miRNAs were selected. We analyzed the association between the preoperative level of each miRNA and total hip (TH) BMD change. All 12 patients (among the 18 patients enrolled) were cured of PHPT after parathyroidectomy as parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium levels were restored to the normal range. Preoperative miR-19b-3p, miR-122-5p, and miR-375 showed a negative association with the percent changes in TH BMD from baseline. The association remained robust for miR-122-5p and miR-375 even after adjusting for sex, age, PTH, and procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide levels in a multivariable model. In conclusion, preoperative circulating miR-122-5p and miR-375 levels were negatively associated with TH BMD changes after parathyroidectomy in PHPT patients. miRNAs have the potential to serve as predictive biomarkers of treatment response in PHPT patients, which merits further investigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MicroRNA in Diagnosis and Prognosis)
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Review

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31 pages, 1006 KiB  
Review
MiRNAs in Lung Cancer: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Potential
by Javaid Ahmad Wani, Sabhiya Majid, Zuha Imtiyaz, Muneeb U. Rehman, Rana M. Alsaffar, Naveed Nazir Shah, Sultan Alshehri, Mohammed M. Ghoneim and Syed Sarim Imam
Diagnostics 2022, 12(7), 1610; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics12071610 - 01 Jul 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2497
Abstract
Lung cancer is the dominant emerging factor in cancer-related mortality around the globe. Therapeutic interventions for lung cancer are not up to par, mainly due to reoccurrence/relapse, chemoresistance, and late diagnosis. People are currently interested in miRNAs, which are small double-stranded (20–24 ribonucleotides) [...] Read more.
Lung cancer is the dominant emerging factor in cancer-related mortality around the globe. Therapeutic interventions for lung cancer are not up to par, mainly due to reoccurrence/relapse, chemoresistance, and late diagnosis. People are currently interested in miRNAs, which are small double-stranded (20–24 ribonucleotides) structures that regulate molecular targets (tumor suppressors, oncogenes) involved in tumorigeneses such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis via post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA. Many studies suggest the emerging role of miRNAs in lung cancer diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics. Therefore, it is necessary to intensely explore the miRNOME expression of lung tumors and the development of anti-cancer strategies. The current review focuses on the therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic potential of numerous miRNAs in lung cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MicroRNA in Diagnosis and Prognosis)
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