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Diagnosis and Treatment of Shoulder and Elbow Disease and Trauma

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A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 35987

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Chul-Hyun Cho

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Guest Editor

Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
Interests: shoulder and elbow disease and trauma; frozen shoulder; rotator cuff tear
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Du Hwan Kim

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Guest Editor

College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
Interests: frozen shoulder; ulnar neuropathy; ultrasonography; rehabilitation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Shoulder and elbow pain is a common musculoskeletal condition that is recognized as a disabling problem and can be associated with substantial economic burden. The pain and disability associated with shoulder and elbow pain can have a large impact on individuals and their families, communities, and healthcare systems, affecting daily functioning and ability to work. However, diagnosis and treatment of shoulder and elbow disease and trauma are sometimes challenging and continue to evolve.

The primary goals of this Special Issue are to advance the science and practice of shoulder and elbow disease and trauma; to describe new and established diagnostic and treatment modalities for shoulder and elbow disease and trauma; and to improve quality of care by encouraging the collection of scientific data and functional outcomes.

Dr. Chul-Hyun Cho
Dr. Du Hwan Kim
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Frozen shoulder
Rotator cuff disease
Shoulder and elbow arthritis
Shoulder dislocation and fracture
Elbow dislocation and fracture
Ultrasonography of shoulder and elbow
Rehabilitation of shoulder and elbow

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 897 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Chronic Kidney Disease Is Associated with High Mortality Risk in Patients with Diabetes after Primary Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

by Meng-Hao Lin, Su-Ju Lin, Liang-Tseng Kuo, Tien-Hsing Chen, Chi-Lung Chen, Pei-An Yu, Yao-Hung Tsai and Wei-Hsiu Hsu

Diagnostics 2021, 11(5), 822; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11050822 - 01 May 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1996

Abstract

The number of diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing shoulder arthroplasty is growing. This study aims to compare perioperative outcomes of shoulder arthroplasty in diabetic patients at different renal function stages. Between 1998 and 2013, a total of 4443 diabetic patients with shoulder arthroplasty were enrolled: 1174 (26%) had CKD without dialysis (CKD group), 427 (9%) underwent dialysis (dialysis group), and 3042 (68%) had no CKD (non-CKD group). Compared with the non-CKD group, the CKD (odds ratio [OR], 4.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.02–10.89) and dialysis (OR, 6.71; 95% CI, 1.63–27.73) groups had a high risk of in-hospital death. The dialysis group had a high risk of infection after shoulder arthroplasty compared with the CKD (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR], 1.69; 95% CI, 1.07–2.69) and non-CKD (SHR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.14–2.73) groups. The dialysis group showed higher risks of all-cause readmission and mortality than the CKD and non-CKD groups after a 3-month follow-up. In conclusion, CKD was associated with worse outcomes after shoulder arthroplasty. Compared with those without CKD, CKD patients had significantly increased readmission and mortality risks but did not have an increased risk of surgical complications, including superficial infection or implant removal. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Treatment of Shoulder and Elbow Disease and Trauma)

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9 pages, 1860 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Is Computed Tomography Necessary for Diagnostic Workup in Displaced Pediatric Medial Epicondyle Fractures?

by Sungmin Kim, Hyun Woo Kim, Kun-Bo Park, Kee-Bum Hong and Hoon Park

Diagnostics 2020, 10(11), 957; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics10110957 - 17 Nov 2020

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4163

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the treatment outcomes and complications between operatively and nonoperatively treated medial epicondyle fractures with displacement of >5 mm as accurately measured on three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT). We retrospectively reviewed 77 patients who had isolated medial epicondylar fractures with displacement of >5 mm. The mean age at injury was 11.4 years. Patients were assigned to one of two groups: 21 patients treated nonoperatively and 56 patients treated surgically. Additionally, patients treated operatively were divided into two subgroups according to fixation method; 31 patients underwent internal fixation with K-wires and 25 patients underwent internal fixation with a screw. Radiological and functional outcomes were compared among the three groups. Although the bony union rate was significantly higher in patients treated operatively compared to patients treated non-operatively (96.4% vs. 23.8%, p < 0.001), there were no significant differences in functional outcomes between the two groups. In the nonoperative group, three patients underwent osteosynthesis for symptomatic nonunion. There were no significant differences in radiological and functional outcomes between the two subgroups divided by fixation method. In a pediatric medial epicondylar fracture with a displacement of >5 mm as accurately measured on 3D CT, despite the difference in union rate, there was no difference in functional outcomes between operative and nonoperative treatment. Performing CT only to measure the fracture displacement in obviously displaced medial epicondylar fracture is not considered as a part of the “necessary” diagnostic workups. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Treatment of Shoulder and Elbow Disease and Trauma)

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11 pages, 1569 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Midshaft Clavicle Fractures Treated Nonoperatively Using Figure-of-Eight Bandage: Are Fracture Type, Shortening, and Displacement Radiographic Predictors of Failure?

by Jacopo Tagliapietra, Elisa Belluzzi, Carlo Biz, Andrea Angelini, Ilaria Fantoni, Manuela Scioni, Mario Bolzan, Antonio Berizzi and Pietro Ruggieri

Diagnostics 2020, 10(10), 788; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics10100788 - 05 Oct 2020

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 6673

Abstract

As there are no clear and unique radiographic predictors of healing disturbances for acute midshaft clavicle fractures, their treatment is still controversial. The aim of the study was to evaluate in midshaft clavicle fractures treated nonoperatively if fracture type (FT), shortening, and displacement, assessed before and after figure-of-eight bandage (F8-B) application, could be considered prognostic factors of delayed union and nonunion. One hundred twenty-two adult patients presenting a closed displaced midshaft clavicle fracture, managed nonoperatively with an F8-B, were enrolled. FT, initial shortening (IS), and initial displacement (ID) were radiographically evaluated at diagnosis, and both residual shortening (RS) and displacement (RD) were measured after F8-B application. The patients were followed up 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-injury. Multivariate statistical analysis was performed. RD should be considered as radiological predictor of sequelae. Further, an RD equal to 104% of clavicle width was identified as an optimal cut-off point to distinguish between healed and unhealed fractures, and 140% between delayed union and nonunion. Our data pointed out the effectiveness of the F8-B in reducing fracture fragments and restoring clavicular length. In midshaft clavicle fractures of adults, fracture comminution and clavicular shortening did not influence bone healing. On the contrary, RD has been shown as the most likely predictor of both delayed union and nonunion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Treatment of Shoulder and Elbow Disease and Trauma)

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Review

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62 pages, 1778 KiB

Open AccessReview

How to Assess Shoulder Functionality: A Systematic Review of Existing Validated Outcome Measures

by Rocio Aldon-Villegas, Carmen Ridao-Fernández, Dolores Torres-Enamorado and Gema Chamorro-Moriana

Diagnostics 2021, 11(5), 845; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11050845 - 08 May 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4686

Abstract

The objective of this review was to compile validated functional shoulder assessment tools and analyse the methodological quality of their validations. Secondarily, we aimed to provide a comparison of the tools, including parameter descriptions, indications/applications, languages and operating instructions, to choose the most suitable for future clinical and research approaches. A systematic review (PRISMA) was conducted using: PubMed, WoS Scopus, CINHAL, Dialnet and reference lists until 2020. The main criteria for inclusion were that papers were original studies of validated tools or validation studies. Pre-established tables showed tools, validations, items/components, etc. The QUADAS-2 and COSMIN-RB were used to assess the methodological quality of validations. Ultimately, 85 studies were selected, 32 tools and 111 validations. Risk of bias scored lower than applicability, and patient selection got the best scores (QUADAS-2). Internal consistency had the highest quality and PROMs development the lowest (COSMIN-RB). Responsiveness was the most analysed metric property. Modified UCLA and SST obtained the highest quality in shoulder instability surgery, and SPADI in pain. The most approached topic was activities of daily living (81%). We compiled 32 validated functional shoulder assessment tools, and conducted an analysis of the methodological quality of 111 validations associated with them. Modified UCLA and SST showed the highest methodological quality in instability surgery and SPADI in pain. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Treatment of Shoulder and Elbow Disease and Trauma)

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21 pages, 2148 KiB

Open AccessReview

Exercise-Based Muscle Development Programmes and Their Effectiveness in the Functional Recovery of Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy: A Systematic Review

by Juan G. Dominguez-Romero, José J. Jiménez-Rejano, Carmen Ridao-Fernández and Gema Chamorro-Moriana

Diagnostics 2021, 11(3), 529; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics11030529 - 16 Mar 2021

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 11788

Abstract

(1) Background: Rotator cuff (RC) tendinopathy causes pain and functional limitation of the shoulder. Physical exercises are effective therapies but there is no consensus on which exercise programme is the most appropriate. Objective: To analyze and compare the effectiveness of different intervention modalities-based exclusively on physical exercise muscle-development programs to improve shoulder pain and function in RC tendinopathy. (2) Methods: Systematic review (PRISMA) through a search in PubMed, WOS, PEDro, Cinahl, Scopus and Dialnet. The PEDro Scale and the Cochrane Risk of Bias analyzed the methodological quality. A pre-established table collected data on: patients, interventions, outcome measures and results. A narrative synthesis of the results was conducted. (3) Results: eight articles were selected (Cochrane: low risk of bias; PEDro: good quality). All assessed programs were effective. Only one study found statistically and clinically significant differences in favour of eccentric training. The exercises used were: eccentric/concentric/conventional, open/closed kinetic chain, with/without co-activation of glenohumeral muscle, with/without pain, and in clinic/at home. (4) Conclusions: All exercise programs were effective in RC tendinopathy, improving pain and shoulder function. No solid results were obtained when the interventions were compared due to their heterogeneity. Patients perception assessment tools were the most widely used. Amount of load applied should be considered. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Treatment of Shoulder and Elbow Disease and Trauma)

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10 pages, 1468 KiB

Open AccessReview

Trans-Olecranon Fracture-Dislocations of the Elbow: A Systematic Review

by Chul-Hyun Cho, Du-Han Kim, Sang Soo Na, Byung-Chan Choi and Beom-Soo Kim

Diagnostics 2020, 10(12), 1058; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diagnostics10121058 - 06 Dec 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 5367

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to provide a systematic review of the definition, ideal surgical method, complications, and prognosis of trans-olecranon fracture dislocations. An electronic search was performed in the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and MEDLINE databases. The eligibility criteria included retrospective clinical study and review article in subjects older than 18 years with trans-olecranon fracture dislocations. Trans-olecranon fracture dislocations are defined as fractures in which the stability of the ulnohumeral joint is lost due to the intra-articular fracture of the olecranon without disruption of the proximal radioulnar joint. The seven papers were included that met the eligibility criteria for the quantitative synthesis. Findings indicate that a pre-contoured plate was used in 88.3% of cases (68 of 77 reports), with no reports of complications, suggesting that the pre-contoured 3.5 mm plate is the first choice of treatment. Postoperative mean elbow range of motion for the flexion–extension arc was 121.1° and 146.5° for the pronation-supination arc. Methods for postoperative clinical scores included the Broberg/Morrey rating with a result of excellent or good in 82.9% of cases, the ASES score with a mean of 88.7, and the DASH score with a mean of 11.75. Complications included heterotopic ossification in 21.9% (23/105) of cases, arthrosis in 25.7% (27/105) of cases, nerve damage in 18.1% (19/105) of cases, and osteoarthritis in 14.3% (15/105). With better understanding of the mechanism of injury and proper diagnosis and treatment, findings of the current review suggest a positive outcome. PROSPERO registration No.: CRD42019126568. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Treatment of Shoulder and Elbow Disease and Trauma)

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