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Gels
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Advances in Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Gels
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Advances in Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Gels

A special issue of Gels (ISSN 2310-2861). This special issue belongs to the section "Gel Chemistry and Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 9050

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Hailei Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
Interests: hydrogel; stimuli-responsive; halloysite nanotube; polymerization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Yonggang Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
Interests: gels; polymer gels
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As the Guest Editors of this Gels (IF 4.702) Special Issue, “Advances in Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Gels”, it is our pleasure to invite you to submit an article on this topic. The article may be either a full paper or a communication based on your own research in this area, or may be a focused, critical review article on some aspect of the subject. All submissions will be subject to peer review.

In the field of polymers, stimuli-responsive gels have been explored thanks to the versatility of polymer chemistry. Stimuli-responsive gels can be viewed as state-of-the-art products of modern-day materials science, which have been demonstrated to exhibit highly responsive properties to various stimuli, including temperature, pH, magnetic fields, and so on. Up till now, stimuli-responsive gels have been widely used in the fields of drug delivery, wound repair, vaccines, catalysis, etc.

This Special Issue encourages submissions related to the following topics, but is not limited to them: stimuli-responsive hydrogels, self-healing hydrogels, drug delivery, chromotropic hydrogels, fluorescence hydrogels, 3D-printed hydrogels, etc. It is our pleasure to gather manuscripts covering all aspects of stimuli-responsive gels, including their formulation, manufacturing technologies, and current applications, in this Special Issue of Gels.

Dr. Hailei Zhang
Prof. Dr. Yonggang Wu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Gels is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • stimuli-responsive hydrogels
  • self-healing hydrogels
  • drug delivery
  • chromotropic hydrogels
  • fluorescence hydrogels
  • three-dimensional-printed hydrogels

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 7326 KiB  
Article
An Angle-Independent Multi-Color Display Electro-Responsive Hydrogel Film
by Huan Jiang, Yujiao Li, Fangfang Liu, Liping Sheng, Cheng-an Tao and Jianfang Wang
Gels 2023, 9(7), 568; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/gels9070568 - 12 Jul 2023
Viewed by 992
Abstract
In nature, some organisms have the ability to camouflage to adapt to environmental changes; they blend with the environment by changing their skin colors. Such a phenomenon is of great significance for the research of adaptive camouflage materials. In this study, we propose [...] Read more.
In nature, some organisms have the ability to camouflage to adapt to environmental changes; they blend with the environment by changing their skin colors. Such a phenomenon is of great significance for the research of adaptive camouflage materials. In this study, we propose a novel design scheme for the study of angle-independent photonic materials and successfully prepare an electrically tunable multi-color display angle-independent inverse opal photonic gel (IOPG). After photopolymerization of hydroxyethyl methacrylate with ionizable monomer acrylic acid (AA) in a long-range disordered opal template and etching, the angle-independent inverse opal photonic gel is obtained, presenting a single structural color. The electrically responsive color changes can be achieved at different angles. The color of the disordered AA-IOPG changes from green to blue-green when applying +4 V bias voltage and from green to orange when applying −4 V bias voltage. The electrochromism of the disordered AA-IOPG is mainly due to the local pH change caused by water electrolysis under bias voltage, which leads to a change of the swelling ratio. The disordered AA-IOPG shows high color tunability and durability through repeated opposite bias voltage tests, indicating that it is a promising conductive photonic material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Gels)
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16 pages, 3005 KiB  
Article
Interplay of the Influence of Crosslinker Content and Model Drugs on the Phase Transition of Thermoresponsive PNiPAM-BIS Microgels
by Daniel Schlattmann and Monika Schönhoff
Gels 2022, 8(9), 571; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/gels8090571 - 08 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1939
Abstract
The phase transition behavior of differently crosslinked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide (PNiPAM/BIS) microgels with varying crosslinker content is investigated in presence of aromatic additives. The influence of meta-hydroxybenzaldehyde (m-HBA) and 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (2,4-DHBA), chosen as model drugs, on [...] Read more.
The phase transition behavior of differently crosslinked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide (PNiPAM/BIS) microgels with varying crosslinker content is investigated in presence of aromatic additives. The influence of meta-hydroxybenzaldehyde (m-HBA) and 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (2,4-DHBA), chosen as model drugs, on the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) is analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and 1H-NMR, monitoring and comparing the structural, calorimetric, and dynamic phase transition, respectively. Generally, the VPTT is found to increase with crosslinker content, accompanied by a drastic decrease of transition enthalpy. The presence of an additive generally decreases the VPTT, but with distinct differences concerning the crosslinker content. While the structural transition is most affected at lowest crosslinker content, the calorimetric and dynamic transitions are most affected for an intermediate crosslinker content. Additive uptake of the collapsed gel is largest for low crosslinked microgels and in case of large additive-induced temperature shifts. Furthermore, as temperature is successively raised, 1H NMR data, aided by spin relaxation rates, reveal an interesting uptake behavior, as the microgels act in a sponge-like fashion including a large initial uptake and a squeeze-out phase above VPTT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Gels)
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11 pages, 4012 KiB  
Communication
Photomotion of Hydrogels with Covalently Attached Azo Dye Moieties—Thermoresponsive and Non-Thermoresponsive Gels
by Thorben G. Jaik, Assegid M. Flatae, Navid Soltani, Philipp Reuschel, Mario Agio, Emiliano Descrovi and Ulrich Jonas
Gels 2022, 8(9), 541; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/gels8090541 - 28 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1699 | Correction
Abstract
The unique photomotion of azo materials under irradiation has been in the focus of research for decades and has been expanded to different classes of solids such as polymeric glasses, liquid crystalline materials, and elastomers. In this communication, azo dye-containing gels are obtained [...] Read more.
The unique photomotion of azo materials under irradiation has been in the focus of research for decades and has been expanded to different classes of solids such as polymeric glasses, liquid crystalline materials, and elastomers. In this communication, azo dye-containing gels are obtained by photocrosslinking of non-thermoresponsive and lower critical solution temperature type thermoresponsive copolymers. These are analysed with light microscopy regarding their actuation behaviour under laser irradiation. The influences of the cloud-point temperature and of the laser power are investigated in a series of comparative experiments. The thermoresponsive hydrogels show more intense photoactuation when the cloud-point temperature of the non-crosslinked polymer is above, but closer to, room temperature, while higher laser powers lead to stronger motion, indicating a photothermal mechanism. In non-thermoresponsive gels, considerably weaker photoactuation occurs, signifying a secondary mechanism that is a direct consequence of the optical field-azo dye interaction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Gels)
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17 pages, 2859 KiB  
Article
Unravelling the Supramolecular Driving Forces in the Formation of CO2-Responsive Pseudopeptidic Low-Molecular-Weight Hydrogelators
by Ferran Esteve, Alexis Villanueva-Antolí, Belén Altava, Eduardo García-Verdugo and Santiago V. Luis
Gels 2022, 8(6), 390; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/gels8060390 - 20 Jun 2022
Viewed by 1474
Abstract
A new family of C2-symmetric pseudopeptides with a high functional density for supramolecular interactions has been synthetized through the attachment of four amino acid subunits to a diamino aliphatic spacer. The resulting open-chain compounds present remarkable properties as low-molecular-weight hydrogelators. The [...] Read more.
A new family of C2-symmetric pseudopeptides with a high functional density for supramolecular interactions has been synthetized through the attachment of four amino acid subunits to a diamino aliphatic spacer. The resulting open-chain compounds present remarkable properties as low-molecular-weight hydrogelators. The self-assembled 3D networks were characterized by SEM analyses, observing regular nanofibres with 80–100 nm diameters. Spectroscopic and molecular modelling experiments revealed the presence of strong synergic effects between the H-bonding and π–π interactions, with the best results obtained for the homoleptic tetra-pseudopeptide derived from l-Phe. In addition, these bioinspired hydrogels possessed pH- and CO2-responsive sol–gel transitions. The formation of ammonium carbamate derivatives in the presence of carbon dioxide led to a detrimental change in its adequate self-assembly. CO2 desorption temperatures of ca. 70 °C were assigned to the thermodynamically favoured recovery of the supramolecular gel. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Gels)
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Review

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17 pages, 4167 KiB  
Review
Recent Studies on Hydrogels Based on H2O2-Responsive Moieties: Mechanism, Preparation and Application
by Weihua Song, Jipeng You, Yuangong Zhang, Qi Yang, Jin Jiao and Hailei Zhang
Gels 2022, 8(6), 361; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/gels8060361 - 08 Jun 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2432
Abstract
H2O2 is essential for cellular processes and plays a vital role in the regulation of cell signaling pathways, which can be viewed as a warning signal for many kinds of disease including cancer, cardiovascular disease, reproductive abnormalities, diabetes, and renal [...] Read more.
H2O2 is essential for cellular processes and plays a vital role in the regulation of cell signaling pathways, which can be viewed as a warning signal for many kinds of disease including cancer, cardiovascular disease, reproductive abnormalities, diabetes, and renal failure. A H2O2-responsive hydrogel (H2O2-Gel) is a promising candidate for biomedical applications because of its good biocompatibility, similarity to soft biological tissues, ease of preparation, and its ability to respond to H2O2. In this study, the H2O2-responsive moieties used to fabricate H2O2-Gels were reviewed, including thioethers, disulfide bonds, selenides, diselenium bonds, diketones, boronic, and others. Next, the preparation method of H2O2-Gel was divided into two major categories according to their reaction mechanisms: either self-crosslinking or mechanisms entailing the addition of difunctional crosslinkers. Last, the applications of H2O2-Gels were emphasized, which have been viewed as desirable candidates in the fields of drug delivery, the detection of H2O2, glucose-responsive systems, ROS scavengers, tissue engineering, and cell-encapsulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Gels)
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