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J. Compos. Sci.
Special Issues
Composite Materials for Water Purification
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Composite Materials for Water Purification

A special issue of Journal of Composites Science (ISSN 2504-477X). This special issue belongs to the section "Composites Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 37671

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Pankaj Attri

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
1. Associate Professor, Center of Plasma Nano-Interface Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
2. Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering , Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
Interests: plasma medicine; protein-folding; plasma-biomolecule interactions; computer simulations; molecular dynamics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Rama Rao Karri

E-Mail Website1 Website2 Website3
Guest Editor
Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Brunei Darussalam BE-1410, Brunei
Interests: process modeling; multi-objective optimization; environmental sciences; machine learning; data-model integration; wastewater treatment; environment pollution
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Sushil Kumar Kansal

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Guest Editor
Institute of Chemical Engg. & Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
Interests: bionanocomposites; water/wastewater treatment; heterogeneous photocatalysis; biomaterials; sensors
Prof. Dr. Janardhan Reddy Koduru

E-Mail Website1 Website2 Website3 Website4
Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea
Interests: nanomaterials; water remediation; colorimetric sensors; biocomposites
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Water pollution is one of the most serious problems worldwide due to various toxic contaminants. Numerous technologies, namely, ion exchange, chemical precipitation, adsorption, coagulation–flocculation, membrane filtration, flotation, and electrochemical methods, are used to treat wastewater. However, we are not able to overcome this problem. In the past few years, nanotechnology has gained wide attention in wastewater treatment. In this Special Issue, we will focus on the synthesis and application of various composite materials (including nanocomposites) for water purification. Specifically, we will emphasize the use of bionanocomposites for water purification. Bionanocomposites are an important class of hybrid materials, comprised of bio components, biopolymers, and inorganic solids. In recent years, bionanocomposites have attracted increasing interest not only from the natural sciences but also from materials chemists and engineers. The main aim of this Special Issue is to collect research on the synthesis and structure/texture characterization of composite materials, and on their application in water and wastewater treatment perspectives.

Prof. Dr. Pankaj Attri
Prof. Dr. Janardhan Reddy Koduru
Prof. Dr. Rama Rao Karri
Prof. Dr. Sushil Kumar Kansal
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Composites Science is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Composite materials
  • Nanocomposites
  • Bionanocomposites
  • Synthesis and characterization of nanocomposites
  • Water purification
  • Antimicrobial activity

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 3664 KiB  
Article
Cu-Doped Porous ZnO-ZnAl2O4 Nanocomposites Synthesized by Polymer-Salt Method for Photocatalytic Water Purification
by Andrey Shelemanov, Artem Tincu, Sergey Evstropiev, Nikolay Nikonorov and Vladimir Vasilyev
J. Compos. Sci. 2023, 7(7), 263; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcs7070263 - 21 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 909
Abstract
In this work, the adsorption and photocatalytic properties of ZnO-ZnAl2O4-CuO nanosized porous composites synthesized by the polymer-salt method have been studied. To evaluate the efficiency of adsorption, experiments were carried out on the decolorization of aqueous solutions of the [...] Read more.
In this work, the adsorption and photocatalytic properties of ZnO-ZnAl2O4-CuO nanosized porous composites synthesized by the polymer-salt method have been studied. To evaluate the efficiency of adsorption, experiments were carried out on the decolorization of aqueous solutions of the Chicago Sky Blue diazo dye. The adsorption process is divided into two stages, at the first stage, the dye is rapidly adsorbed on the outer surface of the composite particles (kf = 0.0073 min−1), at the second stage, the dye diffuses into the pores of the material (kf = 0.0007 min−1). It was noted that the rate of photocatalytic decomposition of the dye (kf = 0.021 min−1) is higher than the rate of the adsorption process, which indicates the occurrence of photocatalytic decomposition of dye molecules both on the surface of the composites and in the liquid phase. With an increase in the light intensity, the photocatalytic process is significantly accelerated, linearly at low intensities, and at high intensities (I > 100 mW/cm2) the dependence becomes a power law. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Composite Materials for Water Purification)
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13 pages, 2389 KiB  
Article
N-Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide-Modified Zeolite Na-A from Waste Fly Ash for Hexavalent Chromium Removal from Industrial Effluent
by Ganesh Kumar Reddy Angaru, Lakshmi Prasanna Lingamdinne, Janardhan Reddy Koduru and Yoon-Young Chang
J. Compos. Sci. 2022, 6(9), 256; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcs6090256 - 05 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1563
Abstract
Chromium ions released into aquatic environments pose major environmental risks, particularly in developing countries. Here, a low-cost N-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-modified fly ash-based zeolite Na-A (CTAB@FZA) was prepared for the treatment of industrial wastewater contaminated with Cr(VI). CTAB@FZA was evaluated using X-ray diffraction [...] Read more.
Chromium ions released into aquatic environments pose major environmental risks, particularly in developing countries. Here, a low-cost N-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-modified fly ash-based zeolite Na-A (CTAB@FZA) was prepared for the treatment of industrial wastewater contaminated with Cr(VI). CTAB@FZA was evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed that CTAB intercalation and coating of the modified zeolite were successful. The effects of influencing variables on the removal of Cr(VI) using CTAB@FZA were also evaluated, including pH, initial concentration, time, temperature, and coexisting ions. Fast adsorption equilibrium was observed after less than 10 min, and CTAB@FZA had a maximum adsorption capacity of 108.76 mg/g and was substantially greater than that of pristine FZA following modification. Furthermore, isothermal and kinetic data demonstrated that Cr(VI) adsorbed onto homogeneous surfaces via rate-limiting monolayer Langmuir adsorption, and according to thermodynamic data, the sorption of the targeted pollutant was exothermic and spontaneous. The application of CTAB@FZA to industrial wastewater treatment yielded Cr(VI) concentrations that were below the USEPA standards. Overall, the findings demonstrated that CTAB@FZA is an effective, promising, and economical adsorbent for the treatment of Cr(VI)-polluted water. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Composite Materials for Water Purification)
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11 pages, 2763 KiB  
Article
Nano-Structured Polyaniline as a Potential Adsorbent for Methylene Blue Dye Removal from Effluent
by Monika Duhan and Raminder Kaur
J. Compos. Sci. 2021, 5(1), 7; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcs5010007 - 31 Dec 2020
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 3063
Abstract
The textile sector is one of the major culprits of water pollution, and demands immediate attention. The coloured textile effluent, loaded with toxic dyes, when mixed with waterbodies, may harm aquatic life, plants, animals, and humans. Although polyaniline in its different forms was [...] Read more.
The textile sector is one of the major culprits of water pollution, and demands immediate attention. The coloured textile effluent, loaded with toxic dyes, when mixed with waterbodies, may harm aquatic life, plants, animals, and humans. Although polyaniline in its different forms was utilised for the adsorption of different dyes, the pure nano-fibrous form of polyaniline, i.e., PANI nanofibers, have reportedly not been used for the removal of dyes from wastewater. The present study aimed to employ nano-structured polyaniline, in the form of polyaniline nanofibers (base; PNB—polyaniline nanofiber base) for the elimination of methylene blue (cationic dye; MB) dye from its solution. The polyaniline nanofiber base (PNB) was synthesised by an interfacial polymerisation technique using ammonium persulphate as the oxidant and toluene as the organic solvent, and was characterised by FTIR, SEM, BET, HRTEM and XRD techniques. The HRTEM and SEM results showed that the average size of the synthesised polyaniline nanofiber base (PNB) was about 60 nm. BET revealed the enhanced surface area of polyaniline nanofiber base (PNB), i.e., 48 m2g−1 in comparison to that of conventionally synthesised polyaniline, which is only 14 m2g−1. The electric conductivity of the polyaniline nanofiber base (PNB) was reportedly lesser (2.3 × 10−2 S/cm) than the salt form of the polyaniline, measured by four probe technique. The batch-wise adsorption of MB was conducted onto the polyaniline nanofiber base (PNB), and the influence of the preliminary dye concentration, duration of contact and polyaniline nanofiber base (PNB) dose, etc., were studied. The equilibrium values of these parameters are reported as 6 mg/L, 60 min and 2 g/L, respectively. The results revealed the 91% sorption of dye onto the polyaniline nanofiber base (PNB). The experimental data were best-fitted to Pseudo-second order (R2 = 0.99) and followed Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0.97). On desorption, about 86% of the absorbed dye was recovered and the regenerated adsorbent could be used efficiently for three more cycles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Composite Materials for Water Purification)
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13 pages, 2333 KiB  
Article
Utilization of Drinking Water Treatment Sludge as Cement Replacement to Mitigate Alkali–Silica Reaction in Cement Composites
by Weiwei Duan, Yan Zhuge, Phuong Ngoc Pham, Christopher W. K. Chow, Alexandra Keegan and Yue Liu
J. Compos. Sci. 2020, 4(4), 171; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs4040171 - 21 Nov 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2582
Abstract
Alkali–silica reaction (ASR) attack is one of the most significant durability concerns in cement-based materials. In this paper, the drinking water treatment sludge (DWTS), which is a typical by-product from the drinking water treatment industry, was reused as supplementary cementitious material to mitigate [...] Read more.
Alkali–silica reaction (ASR) attack is one of the most significant durability concerns in cement-based materials. In this paper, the drinking water treatment sludge (DWTS), which is a typical by-product from the drinking water treatment industry, was reused as supplementary cementitious material to mitigate the degradation of mortar resulting from ASR attack. DWTS was milled and calcined at 800 °C for 2 h before being used as a replacement for cement. Glass sand was used as the reactive fine aggregate. Properties of four mortar mixtures prepared with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% of calcined DWTS replacement of cement were firstly assessed, including compressive strength, flexural strength, and water sorptivity. The mortar specimens were then exposed to an ASR-attacked environment for 28 days, the changes in specimen length were monitored, and the uniformity of mortar was measured via Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV). The results showed that 10% replacement significantly improved the mechanical properties of mortar. The specimens with 20% of the calcined DWTS exhibited comparable strength relative to the reference group and exhibited superior resistance to ASR attack. Additionally, a water sorptivity test showed that higher contents of the calcined DWTS can lead to lower water capillary absorption of mortar. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Composite Materials for Water Purification)
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Review

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26 pages, 3249 KiB  
Review
Green Synthesis of Gold, Silver, and Iron Nanoparticles for the Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Wastewater
by Brajesh Kumar
J. Compos. Sci. 2021, 5(8), 219; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcs5080219 - 16 Aug 2021
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 5668
Abstract
The green synthesis of nanoscale materials is of special interest to researchers all over the world. We describe a simple, robust, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly approach to the synthesis of gold, silver, and iron nanoparticles using a variety of biomolecules/phytochemicals as potential reducers [...] Read more.
The green synthesis of nanoscale materials is of special interest to researchers all over the world. We describe a simple, robust, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly approach to the synthesis of gold, silver, and iron nanoparticles using a variety of biomolecules/phytochemicals as potential reducers and stabilizers. The green approach to the controlled synthesis of nanoparticles with different morphologies is based on the use of plant extracts. Green synthesized nanoparticles can be used as catalysts, photocatalysts, adsorbents, or alternative agents for the elimination of various organic dyes. The kinetic enhancement of nanoparticles for the degradation/removal of dyes could provide significant and valuable insights for the application of biochemically functionalized nanoparticles in engineering. In this review, current plant-mediated strategies for preparing nanoparticles of gold, silver, and iron are briefly described, and morphologically dependent nanoparticles for the degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater are highlighted. Overall, the approach presented in the article supports environmental protection and is a promising alternative to other synthesis techniques. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Composite Materials for Water Purification)
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27 pages, 2584 KiB  
Review
Transition Metal Oxides and Their Composites for Photocatalytic Dye Degradation
by Preety Ahuja, Sanjeev Kumar Ujjain, Rajni Kanojia and Pankaj Attri
J. Compos. Sci. 2021, 5(3), 82; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcs5030082 - 15 Mar 2021
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 5592
Abstract
Transition metal oxides (TMO) and their carbon composites have become a glittering upcoming material science candidate. Their interesting properties, such as their meticulous morphology, plentiful availability, flexible surface chemistry along with outstanding mechanical, thermal, and optical properties make them ideal for efficient photocatalytic [...] Read more.
Transition metal oxides (TMO) and their carbon composites have become a glittering upcoming material science candidate. Their interesting properties, such as their meticulous morphology, plentiful availability, flexible surface chemistry along with outstanding mechanical, thermal, and optical properties make them ideal for efficient photocatalytic dye degradation. An extensive range of TMO, and their carbon composites are reviewed highlighting the progression and opportunities for the photocatalytic degradation of dyes. Here, we concisely describe the numerous techniques to extend the optical absorption of these TMOs involving dye sensitization, metal doping, etc. Besides this, an overview of all aspects of dye degradation along with the prevailing challenges for future utilization and development of such nanocomposites towards highly efficient dye degradation system are also reported. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Composite Materials for Water Purification)
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20 pages, 1518 KiB  
Review
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs): A Potential Nanomaterial for Water Purification
by Bharti Arora and Pankaj Attri
J. Compos. Sci. 2020, 4(3), 135; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jcs4030135 - 10 Sep 2020
Cited by 74 | Viewed by 16270
Abstract
Nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been used as an excellent material for catalysis, separation, adsorption and disinfection processes. CNTs have grabbed the attention of the scientific community and they have the potential to adsorb most of the organic compounds from water. [...] Read more.
Nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been used as an excellent material for catalysis, separation, adsorption and disinfection processes. CNTs have grabbed the attention of the scientific community and they have the potential to adsorb most of the organic compounds from water. Unlike, reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membranes aligned CNT membranes can act as high-flow desalination membranes. CNTs provide a relatively safer electrode solution for biosensors. The article is of the utmost importance for the scientists and technologists working in water purification technologies to eliminate the water crisis in the future. This review summarizes about the application of CNTs in water purification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Composite Materials for Water Purification)
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