Histo-immunology in Exercise

Dear Colleagues,

Over the past years, a variety of studies have demonstrated that exercise induces a considerable physiological change in the innate and adaptive immune system.  During exercise, the blood cell population varies considerably. In particular Neutrophil concentrations increase during and after exercise, whereas lymphocyte concentrations increase during exercise and fall below pre values after long-duration physical work. These changes in the cellular component are accompanied by phenomena related to the secretion of cytokines closely linked to the muscle morpho-functional changes and the relative target organs of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, it has been shown as an acute, intense muscular exercise increases the concentrations of a number of stress hormones in the blood, including epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone, b-endorphins, testosterone, estrogen, and cortisol. Without a doubt, physical exercise and sports influence the concentration of immunological cells in the circulating blood. An interesting question is,  however,  to what degree are these cellular proportion changes influence the resistance to diseases such as the seasonal flu, infectious disease (HIV, SARS-CoV), and  the those that affect the upper respiratory tract, cancer, the metabolic diseases, or aging.  Furthermore, it is worth noting the action carried out by physical exercise on the immune cell balance in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. However, there are several gaps in the literature regarding the effective role of the immuno-system during physical exercise. The purpose of this Special Issue is to deepen the existing literature on the mechanistic factors the regulate the pleiotropic action of immune cells in the human body organs during the exercise.

Prof. Dr. Michelino Di Rosa
Guest Editor

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• physical activity
• innate immunity
• adaptive immunity
• Alzheimer’s Disease
• bioinformatics
• monocyte
• macrophage
• lymphocyte
• neutrophil
• blood
• muscles
• cytokines
• HIV
• SARS-CoV
• cancer
• aging
• amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
• multiple sclerosis
• neurodegenerative disease
• diabetes