Journal Description
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on marine science and engineering, published monthly online by MDPI. The Australia New Zealand Marine Biotechnology Society (ANZMBS) is affiliated with JMSE and their members receive discounts on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed with Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), GeoRef, Inspec, AGRIS, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Engineering, Marine) / CiteScore - Q2 (Ocean Engineering)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 15.4 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.7 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
2.9 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
2.9 (2022)
Latest Articles
Spacing Ratio Effects on the Evolution of the Flow Structure of Two Tandem Circular Cylinders in Proximity to a Wall
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 721; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse12050721 (registering DOI) - 26 Apr 2024
Abstract
The flow around two tandem circular cylinders in proximity to a wall is investigated using particle image velocimetry (PIV) for Re = 2 × 103. The spacing ratios L/D are 1, 2, and 5, and the gap ratios G
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The flow around two tandem circular cylinders in proximity to a wall is investigated using particle image velocimetry (PIV) for Re = 2 × 103. The spacing ratios L/D are 1, 2, and 5, and the gap ratios G/D are 0.3, 0.6, and 1. The proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method and λci vortex identification method are used to investigate the evolution of flow structure, and the influences of L/D and G/D on flow physics are shown. At L/D = 2 and G/D = 0.3, a “pairing” process occurs between the wall shear layer and the upstream cylinder’s lower shear layer, resulting in a small separation bubble behind the upstream cylinder. At L/D = 1, the Strouhal number (St) increases with decreasing G/D. At three gap ratios, the St gradually decreases as L/D increases. At G/D = 0.3, there is nearly a 49.98% decrease from St = 0.3295 at L/D = 1 to St = 0.1648 at L/D = 5, which is larger than the reductions in cases of G/D = 0.6 and G/D = 1. The effects of L/D on the evolution of flow structure at G/D = 0.6 are revealed in detail. At L/D = 1, the vortex shedding resembles that of the single cylinder. As L/D increases to 2, a squarish flow structure is formed between two cylinders, and a small secondary vortex is formed due to induction of the lower shear layer of the upstream cylinder. At L/D = 5, there is a vortex merging process between the upper wake vortices of the upstream and downstream cylinders, and the lower wake vortex of the upstream cylinder directly impinges the downstream cylinder. In addition, the shear layers and wake vortices of the upstream cylinder interact with the wake of the downstream cylinder as L/D increases, resulting in reductions in velocity fluctuations, and the production and turbulent diffusion of turbulent kinetic energy are decreased behind the downstream cylinder.
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(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Study on the Flame Transition Characteristics of a Gas Turbine Combustor
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Mingmin Chen, Li Wang, Xinbo Huang, Minwei Zhao, Lingwei Zeng, Hongtao Zheng and Fuquan Deng
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 719; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse12050719 (registering DOI) - 26 Apr 2024
Abstract
Gas turbines are widely used as important equipment for electricity generation on islands and offshore platforms. During the operation of a gas turbine, the flame shape in the combustion chamber undergoes variations in response to changes in parameters such as gas turbine load,
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Gas turbines are widely used as important equipment for electricity generation on islands and offshore platforms. During the operation of a gas turbine, the flame shape in the combustion chamber undergoes variations in response to changes in parameters such as gas turbine load, fuel distribution, and burner structure. These alterations in flame shape exert influence on combustion instability, emissions, and load characteristics. This study explores the variations in flame transition, emissions, and operating parameters among three distinct center stage structures: namely, the non-premix center stage (NPCS), premix center stage (PCS), and enhanced premix center stage (PCSE). The investigation is conducted using a heavy-duty gas turbine hybrid burner on a full temperature, full pressure, and full-size single burner experimental bench. Simultaneously, a multi-parameter numerical simulation regarding the influence of the central fuel split on flame shape analysis was conducted using the PCS burner under the design point for a more in-depth understanding of the mechanisms and for influencing factors associated with flame transition. The findings indicate that variations in flame transition loads among different central stage structures: for the NPCS burner, the transition occurs between 45% and 50% load; for the PCS burners, it takes place between 60% and 65% load; for the PCSE burners, it shifts between 55% and 60% load. Additionally, a reduction in NOx emissions is observed during the flame transition process. Furthermore, it was found that decreasing the central stage fuel results in a decline in flame angle for the same burner structure. As the central stage fuel diminishes to a specific value, the flame shape undergoes a sudden change. Further reduction in central stage fuel does not significantly affect the flame shape and temperature distribution.
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(This article belongs to the Topic Marine Renewable Energy, 2nd Volume)
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The High-Resolution Interannual Evolution of the Dune Toe at a Mesotidal Barrier (Camposoto Beach, SW Spain)
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Cristina Montes, Javier Benavente, María Puig, Juan Montes, Lara Talavera and Theocharis A. Plomaritis
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 718; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse12050718 (registering DOI) - 26 Apr 2024
Abstract
Over recent years, processes related to marine storms, sediment shortages and human intervention have caused the global retreat of many coastal systems and the degradation of their dunes. In this context, changes in the dune toe are commonly used as a proxy to
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Over recent years, processes related to marine storms, sediment shortages and human intervention have caused the global retreat of many coastal systems and the degradation of their dunes. In this context, changes in the dune toe are commonly used as a proxy to study the interannual shoreline evolution, and it is usually analyzed using orthophotography, while high temporal- and spatial-scale resolution studies of dune toe evolution are not frequent. In this work, a quasi-monthly study of dune toe data was carried out between 2008 and 2018. These data, taken from the RTK-DGPS and UAS systems, were subjected to shoreline analysis, and they showed an average regression rate of −2.30 m/year, a higher value than the one registered until 2008 (1 m/year). This suggests an acceleration in the erosion suffered within the system, which was revealed to be more intense in the northern sector of the study area. Dune toe variability increased over the years, probably due to the presence of washover fans breaking the foredune that were reactivated and expanded during storm events. The ephemeral progradation of the dune toe was also noted, which could be explained with reference to wind events and/or beach nourishment that had been carried out over the studied period. From the analysis of the dune toe elevation, a decrease in this variable was obtained, especially in the areas affected due to washover fans. This finding is supported by the significant correlation of the dune toe elevation and erosion trend, suggesting that the areas where the dune toe was lower are prone to suffering a greater retreat. This correlation provides insight into the future evolution of the barrier, suggesting a state of degradation and a transition to a lower-resilience state.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Learning from Geomorphological Adaptation of Coasts at Different Time Scales)
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Fuzzy Logic-Based Decision-Making Method for Ultra-Large Ship Berthing Using Pilotage Data
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Yibo Li, Guobin Song, Tsz-Leung Yip and Gi-Tae Yeo
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 717; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse12050717 (registering DOI) - 26 Apr 2024
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As seafarers are involved in Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS), except for those in the fourth level of autonomy, the decision making of autonomous berthing should be carried out and be understood by human beings. This paper proposes a fuzzy logic-based human-like decision-making
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As seafarers are involved in Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS), except for those in the fourth level of autonomy, the decision making of autonomous berthing should be carried out and be understood by human beings. This paper proposes a fuzzy logic-based human-like decision-making method for ultra-large ship berthing, which considers locations, ship particulars and the natural environment, and these factors are treated as the input variables. The IF–THEN rules are then established after the fuzzification of the input variables and are used for fuzzy inference to derive the decision of ship handling. It can be implemented in the decision-making system for safe navigation or be included in the process of autonomous berthing. The pilotage data are collected with nautical instruments and a distance measurement system during the berthing process, which are used to validate the proposed model and calculate the speed and turn errors. The overall and individual error of the decision-making model is in a reasonable and small range, which indicates that the model has good accuracy. The results of this research offer theoretical and practical insights into the development of a human-like decision-making method for autonomous navigation in port waters and maritime safety management in the shipping industry. The model can be further applied to develop a more widely applicable decision-making system for autonomous navigation in confined waters.
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Open AccessArticle
An Underwater Localization Method Based on Visual SLAM for the Near-Bottom Environment
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Zonglin Liu, Meng Wang, Hanwen Hu, Tong Ge and Rui Miao
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 716; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse12050716 (registering DOI) - 26 Apr 2024
Abstract
The feature matching of the near-bottom visual SLAM is influenced by underwater raised sediments, resulting in tracking loss. In this paper, the novel visual SLAM system is proposed in the underwater raised sediments environment. The underwater images are firstly classified based on the
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The feature matching of the near-bottom visual SLAM is influenced by underwater raised sediments, resulting in tracking loss. In this paper, the novel visual SLAM system is proposed in the underwater raised sediments environment. The underwater images are firstly classified based on the color recognition method by adding the weights of pixel location to reduce the interference of similar colors on the seabed. The improved adaptive median filter method is proposed to filter the classified images by using the mean value of the filter window border as the discriminant condition to retain the original features of the image. The filtered images are finally processed by the tracking module to obtain the trajectory of underwater vehicles and the seafloor maps. The datasets of seamount areas captured in the western Pacific Ocean are processed by the improved visual SLAM system. The keyframes, mapping points, and feature point matching pairs extracted from the improved visual SLAM system are improved by 5.2%, 11.2%, and 4.5% compared with that of the ORB-SLAM3 system, respectively. The improved visual SLAM system has the advantage of robustness to dynamic disturbances, which is of practical application in underwater vehicles operated in near-bottom areas such as seamounts and nodules.
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(This article belongs to the Topic Applications and Development of Underwater Robotics and Underwater Vision Technology)
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How to Achieve Comprehensive Carbon Emission Reduction in Ports? A Systematic Review
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Liping Zhang, Qingcheng Zeng and Liang Wang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 715; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse12050715 (registering DOI) - 26 Apr 2024
Abstract
Under the mounting pressure to make changes to become more environmentally friendly and sustainable, port authorities have been exploring effective solutions to reduce CO2 emissions. In this regard, alternative fuels, innovative technology, and optimization strategies are key pathways for ports to transition
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Under the mounting pressure to make changes to become more environmentally friendly and sustainable, port authorities have been exploring effective solutions to reduce CO2 emissions. In this regard, alternative fuels, innovative technology, and optimization strategies are key pathways for ports to transition toward a low-carbon pattern. In this review work, the current development status and characteristics of renewable and clean energy in ports were meticulously analyzed. The CO2 emission reduction effects and limitations of port microgrids, carbon capture, and other technological operations were thoroughly examined. Lastly, the emission reduction optimization strategies ports could adopt under different scenarios were evaluated. The research findings showed that (1) combining the characteristics of the port and quantifying the properties of different renewable energy sources and low-carbon fuels is extremely necessary to select suitable alternative energy sources for port development; (2) technological advancements, multi-party interests, and policy impacts were the primary factors influencing the development of emission reduction technology methods; and (3) the coordinated optimization of multiple objectives in cross-scenarios was the main direction for ports to achieve sustainable development. This study provides theoretical guidance to ports that are transitioning to a greener pattern, as well as pointing out future research directions and development spaces for researchers.
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(This article belongs to the Section Marine Environmental Science)
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Long-Term Evolution of Significant Wave Height in the Eastern Tropical Atlantic between 1940 and 2022 Using the ERA5 Dataset
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Olorunfemi Omonigbehin, Emmanuel OlaOluwa Eresanya, Aifeng Tao, Victor Edem Setordjie, Samuel Daramola and Abiola Adebiyi
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 714; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse12050714 (registering DOI) - 26 Apr 2024
Abstract
Studies on the variability in ocean wave climate provide engineers and policy makers with information to plan, develop, and control coastal and offshore activities. Ocean waves bear climatic imprints through which the global climate system can be better understood. Using the recently updated
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Studies on the variability in ocean wave climate provide engineers and policy makers with information to plan, develop, and control coastal and offshore activities. Ocean waves bear climatic imprints through which the global climate system can be better understood. Using the recently updated ERA5 dataset, this study evaluated the spatiotemporal distribution and variability in significant wave height (SWH) in the Eastern Tropical Atlantic (ETA). The short-term trends and rates of change were obtained using the Mann–Kendall trend test and the Theil–Sen slope estimator, respectively, and decadal trends were assessed using wavelet transformation. Significant, positive monthly and yearly trends and a prevailing decadal trend were observed across the domain. Observed trends suggest that stronger waves are getting closer to the coast and are modulated by the Southern and Northern Atlantic mid-latitude storm fields. These observations have implications for the increasing coastal erosion rates on the eastern coast of the Tropical Atlantic.
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(This article belongs to the Section Physical Oceanography)
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Rare Earth Elements in Shells of Black Sea Molluscs: Anomalies and Biogeochemical Implications
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Sergey V. Kapranov, Vitaliy I. Ryabushko, Juliya D. Dikareva, Larisa L. Kapranova, Nikolay I. Bobko and Sophia Barinova
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 713; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse12050713 (registering DOI) - 25 Apr 2024
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REE) are a class of increasingly used high-tech product components and new emerging environmental pollutants, which are accumulated, in particular, in marine biota. In this study, REE contents were estimated in shells of several molluscs common in the Black Sea.
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Rare earth elements (REE) are a class of increasingly used high-tech product components and new emerging environmental pollutants, which are accumulated, in particular, in marine biota. In this study, REE contents were estimated in shells of several molluscs common in the Black Sea. The summed REE contents in mollusc shells decreased in the following order of species: Magallana gigas = Anadara kagoshimensis > Flexopecten glaber ponticus ≥ Rapana venosa > Mytilus galloprovincialis, ranging from 0.46 to 1.9 mg·kg−1. Canonical analysis of principal coordinates allowed for the correct identification of species based on the REE composition in no fewer than 67% of the samples. The mollusc shells were anomalously enriched in Sc, Y, La, Eu and Tb, most likely due to anthropogenic contamination. The Y/Ho ratios in all samples were represented by two fit values: 23.2 (chondritic) and 67.6 (superchondritic, mainly associated with A. kagoshimensis). A new universal relationship linking the contents of three light and heavy REE in Black Sea mollusc shells was proposed: Ce0.3 Er0.7⁄Yb = 2.00 ± 0.46 (mean ± standard deviation).
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Slamming Characteristics Due to the Special Shape of New Sandglass-Type Model in Waves by Comparing with Cylindrical Model
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Wenhua Wang, Taiwei Piao, Chong Geng, Kedong Zhang, Zhongyu Wang and Yi Huang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 712; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse12050712 (registering DOI) - 25 Apr 2024
Abstract
For the new sandglass-type FPSO, the unique shape of its floating body with oblique side and external expansion can significantly improve the motion performance, but meanwhile may result in specific slamming characteristics in waves. On this basis, this paper establishes a CFD method
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For the new sandglass-type FPSO, the unique shape of its floating body with oblique side and external expansion can significantly improve the motion performance, but meanwhile may result in specific slamming characteristics in waves. On this basis, this paper establishes a CFD method including numerical wave-tank technique based on the Open FOAM platform. Therein, the velocity-inlet boundary method and the active absorption method are applied for numerical wave-making and wave-absorption. Compared with experimental results, the numerical method can be validated to be accurate enough to simulate wave slamming on floating ocean platforms. Then, the specific slamming phenomena on the sandglass-type floating body under a classic long wave can be investigated by comparing with the cylindrical model, including nonlinear wave rollover and breaking, water cushion, rooster-tail wave, side wave, water tongue, and so on. The mechanism of these phenomena and their effects on slamming pressure are studied. The essences of typical peaks in the time-history curve of the slamming pressure are mainly discussed. More interestingly, the main peak can be found to be related to the small peak due the amount of the broken water and the thickness of the water cushion. Finally, the slamming characteristics of the sandglass-type model in a classic short-wave condition are comparatively discussed.
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Multivariate USV Motion Prediction Method Based on a Temporal Attention Weighted TCN-Bi-LSTM Model
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Yuchao Wang, Zixiang Tian and Huixuan Fu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 711; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse12050711 (registering DOI) - 25 Apr 2024
Abstract
Unmanned surface vehicle (USV)’s motion is represented by time-series data that exhibit highly nonlinear and non-stationary features, significantly influenced by environmental factors, such as wind speed and waves, when sailing on the sea. The accurate prediction of USV motion, particularly crucial parameters, such
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Unmanned surface vehicle (USV)’s motion is represented by time-series data that exhibit highly nonlinear and non-stationary features, significantly influenced by environmental factors, such as wind speed and waves, when sailing on the sea. The accurate prediction of USV motion, particularly crucial parameters, such as the roll angle and pitch angle, is imperative for ensuring safe navigation. However, traditional and single prediction models often struggle with low accuracy and fail to capture the intricate spatial–temporal dependencies among multiple input variables. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a prediction approach integrating temporal convolutional network (TCN) and bi-directional long short-term memory network (Bi-LSTM) models, augmented with a temporal pattern attention (TPA) mechanism, termed the TCN-Bi-LSTM-TPA (TBT) USV motion predictor. This hybrid model effectively combines the strengths of TCN and Bi-LSTM architectures to extract long-term temporal features and bi-directional dependencies. The introduction of the TPA mechanism enhances the model’s capability to extract spatial information, crucial for understanding the intricate interplay of various motion data. By integrating the features extracted by TCN with the output of the attention mechanism, the model incorporates additional contextual information, thereby improving prediction accuracy. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, we conducted experiments using real USV motion data and calculated four evaluation metrics: mean square error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and R-squared (R2). The results demonstrate the superior accuracy of the TCN-Bi-LSTM-TPA hybrid model in predicting USV roll angle and pitch angle, validating its effectiveness in addressing the challenges of multivariate USV motion prediction.
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(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
Open AccessArticle
An Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search Algorithm for Equipment Scheduling in the Railway Yard of an Automated Container Terminal
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Hongbin Chen and Wei Liu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 710; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse12050710 (registering DOI) - 25 Apr 2024
Abstract
In container sea–rail combined transport, the railway yard in an automated container terminal (RYACT) is the link in the whole logistics transportation process, and its operation and scheduling efficiency directly affect the efficiency of logistics. To improve the equipment scheduling efficiency of an
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In container sea–rail combined transport, the railway yard in an automated container terminal (RYACT) is the link in the whole logistics transportation process, and its operation and scheduling efficiency directly affect the efficiency of logistics. To improve the equipment scheduling efficiency of an RYACT, this study examines the “RYACT–train” cooperative optimization problem in the mode of “unloading before loading” for train containers. A mixed-integer programming model with the objective of minimizing the maximum completion time of automated rail-mounted gantry crane (ARMG) tasks is established. An adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) algorithm and random search algorithm (RSA) are designed to solve the abovementioned problem, and the feasibility of the model and algorithm is verified by experiments. At the same time, the target value and calculation time of the model and algorithms are compared. The experimental results show that the model and the proposed algorithms are feasible and can effectively solve the “RYACT–train” cooperative optimization problem. The model only obtains the optimal solution of the “RYACT–train” cooperative scheduling problem with no more than 50 tasks within a limited time, and the ALNS algorithm can solve examples of various scales within a reasonable amount of time. The target value of the ALNS solution is smaller than that of the RSA solution.
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(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Artificial Neural Networks for Mapping Coastal Lagoon of Chilika Lake, India, Using Earth Observation Data
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Polina Lemenkova
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 709; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse12050709 (registering DOI) - 25 Apr 2024
Abstract
This study presents the environmental mapping of the Chilika Lake coastal lagoon, India, using satellite images Landsat 8-9 OLI/TIRS processed using machine learning (ML) methods. The largest brackish water coastal lagoon in Asia, Chilika Lake, is a wetland of international importance included in
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This study presents the environmental mapping of the Chilika Lake coastal lagoon, India, using satellite images Landsat 8-9 OLI/TIRS processed using machine learning (ML) methods. The largest brackish water coastal lagoon in Asia, Chilika Lake, is a wetland of international importance included in the Ramsar site due to its rich biodiversity, productivity, and precious habitat for migrating birds and rare species. The vulnerable ecosystems of the Chilika Lagoon are subject to climate effects (monsoon effects) and anthropogenic activities (overexploitation through fishing and pollution by microplastics). Such environmental pressure results in the eutrophication of the lake, coastal erosion, fluctuations in size, and changes in land cover types in the surrounding landscapes. The habitat monitoring of the coastal lagoons is complex and difficult to implement with conventional Geographic Information System (GIS) methods. In particular, landscape variability, patch fragmentation, and landscape dynamics play a crucial role in environmental dynamics along the eastern coasts of the Bay of Bengal, which is strongly affected by the Indian monsoon system, which controls the precipitation pattern and ecosystem structure. To improve methods of environmental monitoring of coastal areas, this study employs the methods of ML and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), which present a powerful tool for computer vision, image classification, and analysis of Earth Observation (EO) data. Multispectral satellite data were processed by several ML image classification methods, including Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and the ANN-based MultiLayer Perceptron (MLP) Classifier. The results are compared and discussed. The ANN-based approach outperformed the other methods in terms of accuracy and precision of mapping. Ten land cover classes around the Chilika coastal lagoon were identified via spatio-temporal variations in land cover types from 2019 until 2024. This study provides ML-based maps implemented using Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) GIS image analysis software and aims to support ML-based mapping approach of environmental processes over the Chilika Lake coastal lagoon, India.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing Applications in Marine Environmental Monitoring)
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An Underwater Localization Algorithm for Airborne Moving Sound Sources Using Doppler Warping Transform
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Junjie Mao, Zhaohui Peng, Bo Zhang, Tongchen Wang, Zhaokai Zhai, Chuanxing Hu and Qianyu Wang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 708; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse12050708 (registering DOI) - 25 Apr 2024
Abstract
When an airborne sound source is in rapid motion, the acoustic signal detected by the underwater sensor experiences a substantial Doppler shift. This shift is intricately linked to the motion parameters of the sound source. Analyzing the Doppler shift characteristics of received acoustic
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When an airborne sound source is in rapid motion, the acoustic signal detected by the underwater sensor experiences a substantial Doppler shift. This shift is intricately linked to the motion parameters of the sound source. Analyzing the Doppler shift characteristics of received acoustic signals enables not only the estimation of target motion parameters but also the localization of the airborne sound source. Currently, the predominant methods for estimating parameters of uniformly moving targets are grounded in classical approaches. In this study, the application of the Doppler warping transform, traditionally applicable to sound sources in uniform linear motion, is extended to encompass a broader spectrum of sound source trajectories. Theoretical and experimental data validate the efficacy of this transform in linearizing the Doppler shift induced by a source in curved motion. Building upon this foundation, a methodology is proposed for locating airborne acoustic sources in curved motion from underwater. Sea experimental data corroborate the method’s effectiveness in achieving underwater localization of a helicopter target during curved motion.
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(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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The Coastal Scenery of São Miguel Island, Azores Archipelago: Implications for Coastal Management
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Claudia Tendero-Peiró, Francisco Asensio-Montesinos, Giorgio Anfuso and Hugo Corbí
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 707; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse12050707 (registering DOI) - 25 Apr 2024
Abstract
In this study, coastal scenic beauty was assessed at 29 sites at São Miguel, which is one of the Azores Islands, i.e., a group of remote volcanic islands in the North Atlantic Ocean. The assessment was based on in situ observations and the
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In this study, coastal scenic beauty was assessed at 29 sites at São Miguel, which is one of the Azores Islands, i.e., a group of remote volcanic islands in the North Atlantic Ocean. The assessment was based on in situ observations and the use of the Coastal Scenic Evaluation System (CSES), which consists of a checklist with 26 physical- and anthropic-weighted parameters and the Fuzzy Logic Approach (FLA) mathematical tool. The study sites were classified into five classes according to their typology and their scenic value, ranging from Class I (natural sites of great scenic beauty) to Class V (unattractive, urbanized sites). Concerning beach typology, 13% were remote, 28% rural, 28% village, and 31% urban. Concerning scenic beauty, 10% of the sites belonged to Class I, 14% to Class II, 17% to Class III, 31% to Class IV, and 28% to Class V. The physical parameters were linked to the characteristics of the geological volcanic landscapes, and the anthropic parameters essentially reflected the presence of tourism and public services. The results of the assessment provide a scientific basis for developing a management strategy for the preservation and conservation of the coastal areas and their sustainable development.
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(This article belongs to the Section Geological Oceanography)
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Open AccessArticle
Global Strong Winds Occurrence Characteristics and Climate Index Correlation
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Di Wu, Kaishan Wang, Chongwei Zheng and Yuchen Guo
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 706; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse12050706 (registering DOI) - 25 Apr 2024
Abstract
Guided by entering the deep sea and achieving deep marine development in marine construction, the factors hindering marine construction cannot be ignored. Strong ocean winds have a devastating impact on tasks such as ship navigation, carrier aircraft take-off and landing, naval operations and
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Guided by entering the deep sea and achieving deep marine development in marine construction, the factors hindering marine construction cannot be ignored. Strong ocean winds have a devastating impact on tasks such as ship navigation, carrier aircraft take-off and landing, naval operations and military exercises, and affect the planning of sea routes and the development of the long-distance sea. This paper uses ERA5 wind field data and key climate indices to conduct a systematic analysis of catastrophic winds in the global ocean using methods such as climate statistical analysis, the Theil–Sen trend method, Pearson correlation and contribution rate calculation. It points out the spatiotemporal distribution, variation trend, climate index correlation and contribution rate characteristics of strong winds occurrence (SWO) and hopes that the results of this study can serve as a guide for maritime route planning and provide technical assistance and decision-making support for marine development and other needs. The results show the following: The high global SWO occurs in the Southern Ocean, the North Atlantic, the North Pacific, near Taiwan, China, the Arabian Sea and other locations, with the strongest SWO in summer. The growth trend of SWO in the Southern Ocean is strongest, with decreasing regions near the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, and the growth trend is reflected in all four seasons. The climate indices with the strongest correlation and highest contribution to the global SWO are AAO (Antarctic Oscillation) and EP–NP (East Pacific–North Pacific pattern) with a correlation between −0.5 and 0.5 and a contribution rate of up to −50%~50%.
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(This article belongs to the Section Physical Oceanography)
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Multi-Frequency Noise Reduction Method for Underwater Radiated Noise of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles
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Beibei Mao, Hua Yang, Wenbo Li, Xiaoyu Zhu and Yuxuan Zheng
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 705; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse12050705 (registering DOI) - 25 Apr 2024
Abstract
The multi-frequency noisy vibration of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is a significant factor affecting the performance of shear probes mounted on the head of AUVs. Many efforts have been made to suppress mechanical radiation noise; however, conventional noise reduction methods have their
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The multi-frequency noisy vibration of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is a significant factor affecting the performance of shear probes mounted on the head of AUVs. Many efforts have been made to suppress mechanical radiation noise; however, conventional noise reduction methods have their limitations, such as mode mixing. In order to extract thorough information from the aliasing modes and achieve multi-frequency mode targeted correction, a multi-frequency noise reduction method is proposed, based on secondary decomposition and the multi-mode coherence correction algorithm. Weak impulses in aliasing shear mode are enhanced, and mixing frequencies are isolated for thorough decomposition. Noisy mechanical vibrations in the shear modes are eliminated with the use of the acceleration modes along the identical central frequency series. The denoised modes are used to reconstruct the cleaned shear signal, and the updated spectra are aligned with the standard Nasmyth spectrum. Compared with the raw profiles, the variation in the dissipation rate estimated from the corrected shear is reduced by more than an order of magnitude.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Technology: Latest Advancements and Prospects)
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The Formation of 2D Holograms of a Noise Source and Bearing Estimation by a Vector Scalar Receiver in the High-Frequency Band
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Sergey Pereselkov, Venedikt Kuz’kin, Matthias Ehrhardt, Yurii Matvienko, Sergey Tkachenko and Pavel Rybyanets
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 704; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse12050704 (registering DOI) - 25 Apr 2024
Abstract
The holographic signal-processing method for a single vector scalar receiver (VSR) in the high-frequency band in shallow water is developed in the paper. The aim of this paper is to present the results of the theoretical analysis, numerical modeling, and experimental verification of
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The holographic signal-processing method for a single vector scalar receiver (VSR) in the high-frequency band in shallow water is developed in the paper. The aim of this paper is to present the results of the theoretical analysis, numerical modeling, and experimental verification of holographic signal processing for a noise source by the VSR. The developed method is based on the formation of the 2D interferogram and 2D hologram of a noise source in a shallow-water waveguide. The 2D interferograms and 2D holograms for different channels of the VSR (P sound pressure and and vibration velocity components) are considered. It is shown that the 2D interferogram consists of parallel interference fingers in the presence of a moving noise source. As a result, the 2D hologram contains focal points located on a straight line, and the angular distribution of the holograms has the main extreme value. It is shown in the paper that the holographic signal-processing method allows detecting the source, estimating the source bearing, and filtering the useful signal from the noise. The results of the source detection, source bearing estimation, and noise filtering are presented within the framework of experimental data processing and numerical modeling.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Underwater Acoustics and Digital Signal Processing)
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Pore Pressure Prediction for High-Pressure Tight Sandstone in the Huizhou Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin, China: A Machine Learning-Based Approach
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Jin Feng, Qinghui Wang, Min Li, Xiaoyan Li, Kaijin Zhou, Xin Tian, Jiancheng Niu, Zhiling Yang, Qingyu Zhang and Mengdi Sun
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 703; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse12050703 (registering DOI) - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
A growing number of large data sets have created challenges for the oil and gas industry in predicting reservoir parameters and assessing well productivity through efficient and cost-effective techniques. The design of drilling plans for a high-pressure tight-sand reservoir requires accurate estimations of
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A growing number of large data sets have created challenges for the oil and gas industry in predicting reservoir parameters and assessing well productivity through efficient and cost-effective techniques. The design of drilling plans for a high-pressure tight-sand reservoir requires accurate estimations of pore pressure (Pp) and reservoir parameters. The objective of this study is to predict and compare the Pp of Huizhou Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin, China, using conventional techniques and machine learning (ML) algorithms. We investigated the characteristics of low-permeability reservoirs by observing well-logging data sets and cores and examining thin sections under a microscope. In the reservoir zone, the average hydrocarbon saturation is 55%, and the average effective porosity is 11%. The tight sandstone reservoirs consist of fine- to extremely fine-grained argillaceous feldspathic sandstone. The mean absolute error for reservoir property prediction is 1.3%, 2.2%, and 4.8%, respectively, for effective porosity, shale volume, and water saturation. Moreover, the ML algorithm was employed to cross-check the validity of the prediction of Pp. Combining conventional and ML techniques with the core data demonstrates a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9587, indicating that ML techniques are the most effective in testing well data. This study shows that ML can effectively predict Pp at subsequent depths in adjacent geologically similar locations. Compared to conventional methods, a substantial data set and ML algorithms improve the precision of Pp predictions.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Production Prediction in Onshore and Offshore Tight Reservoirs)
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Stiffness Anisotropy and Micro-Mechanism of Calcareous Sand with Different Particle Breakage Ratios Subjected to Shearing Based on DEM Simulations
by
Yan Gao, Ketian Sun, Quan Yuan and Tiangen Shi
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 702; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse12050702 (registering DOI) - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
Stress-induced anisotropy in calcareous sand can cause an uneven displacement in island reef engineering. In this study, stiffness, as a quantitative indicator, is explored to reveal the stress-induced anisotropy in calcareous sand. Based on the discrete element method, the stiffness anisotropic characteristics of
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Stress-induced anisotropy in calcareous sand can cause an uneven displacement in island reef engineering. In this study, stiffness, as a quantitative indicator, is explored to reveal the stress-induced anisotropy in calcareous sand. Based on the discrete element method, the stiffness anisotropic characteristics of calcareous sand during shearing, as well as the impact of particle breakage, are investigated by numerical simulations. Both the macro and micro responses, i.e., the maximum shear modulus, contact normal, strong and weak contact normal force, and the direction of particle breakage, are explored for calcareous sand with different particle breakage ratios. The results show that calcareous sand exhibits notable anisotropy during shearing, with the maximum shear modulus in the vertical direction (deviatoric stress direction) being significantly greater than that in the horizontal direction. Moreover, the higher the particle breakage rate, the lower the stiffness and its anisotropy. The micro-mechanism results indicate that the primary particle breakage during the shearing process occurs in the vertical direction. That is, the particle breakage weakens the strong contact force in the vertical direction, leading to a redistribution of the strong contact forces from the vertical direction to other directions. This redistribution mainly manifests in a decrease in the anisotropy of contact normal and contact vector within the sample, as well as a decrease in the proportion of strong contact forces in the overall contacts. This, in turn, reduces the shear strength and stiffness of calcareous sand, particularly in the vertical direction, and results in a decrease in the maximum shear modulus and its anisotropy. The maximum reduction can be up to 50% of the original value. These insights can provide a certain theoretical support for the uneven displacement and long-term stability of calcareous sand for islands and reefs.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wave/Current–Structure–Seabed Interactions around Offshore Foundations)
Open AccessArticle
Numerical Study on the Swimming and Energy Self-Sufficiency of Multi-Joint Robotic Fish
by
Guodu Liang, Zhiqiang Xin, Quanlin Ding, Songyang Liu and Liying Ren
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(5), 701; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/jmse12050701 - 24 Apr 2024
Abstract
Energy is one of the primary challenges in the long-term operation of robotic fish. The research on combining wave energy-harvesting technology with robotic fish for energy supplementation is not extensive, and there is insufficient comprehensive analysis on energy harvesting from waves and energy
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Energy is one of the primary challenges in the long-term operation of robotic fish. The research on combining wave energy-harvesting technology with robotic fish for energy supplementation is not extensive, and there is insufficient comprehensive analysis on energy harvesting from waves and energy costs during swimming. Therefore, the energy self-sufficiency of multi-joint robotic fish is investigated by employing the coupling method of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and multi-body dynamics in this study. A reversible energy conversion mechanism is applied to the robotic fish, serving as a driving system during swimming and as a power take-off (PTO) system during energy harvesting. The energy costs of the multi-joint robotic fish under various undulation parameters (including amplitude, frequency, and body wavelength) are analyzed, along with an examination of the influence of the PTO system on energy harvesting. The results show that, compared to the undulation amplitude and body wavelength, the undulation frequency has the greatest impact on swimming efficiency and energy costs, with low-frequency swimming being advantageous for efficient energy utilization. Additionally, the damping coefficient of the PTO system directly affects energy-harvesting efficiency, with higher energy-harvesting power achievable with an optimal PTO system parameter. Through a comprehensive analysis of energy costs and energy harvesting, it is concluded that the achievement of energy self-sufficiency for multi-joint robotic fish in marine environments is highly feasible.
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(This article belongs to the Section Marine Energy)
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