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Life
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Coronary Syndromes, Hypercholesterolemia and Heart Failure—Frontier Research and a Glimpse...
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Coronary Syndromes, Hypercholesterolemia and Heart Failure—Frontier Research and a Glimpse into the Future

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Physiology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2021) | Viewed by 20033

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Miłosz J. Jaguszewski

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Guest Editor
First Department of Cardiology, University Catheterization Laboratories, Medical University of Gdansk, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a, 80-210 Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
Interests: pathophysiology of atherosclerosis; biomarkers; interventional cardiology; invasive imaging; device failure
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Agnieszka Mickiewicz

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Guest Editor
First Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
Interests: hypercholesterolemia; lipoprotein (a); HDL particles; lipid-lowering therapies; apheresis and atherosclerosis
Prof. Dr. Marcin Gruchala

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
Interests: heart failure; cardiology; diabetes; hypertension; insulin resistance; Echocardiography; cardiovascular medicine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Although the last few years have witnessed significant improvements in the management of coronary artery disease, both acute and chronic coronary syndromes remain a leading cause of deaths worldwide.

The advances in coronary revascularization and enhanced survival following acute myocardial infarction have highlighted the rapidly growing issue of chronic heart failure, as one of the most important causes of CV deaths.

A large number of these deaths can be avoided by modifying risk factors, among which hypercholesterolemia is the most prevalent. Since genetically determined lipid disorders, such as monogenic and polygenic hypercholesterolemia, carry an exceptionally high cardiovascular risk, an early diagnosis followed by an intensive treatment prevents premature deaths. Recent data have given new insights into underlying genetic defects of polygenic hypercholesterolemia along with cardiovascular risk assessment, as well as lipid-lowering therapies.

Except for atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of chest pain of cardiac origin has been described as a microvascular disease. Thus, research studies are still strongly needed to improve strategies based on prevention and therapies and, in consequence, reduce mortality in this setting.

This Special Issue aims to provide current frontier research and a glimpse into the future of the management of coronary syndromes, hypercholesterolemia, and heart failure and to highlight areas of prevention and treatment with a view towards most optimal management strategies.

We would like to encourage researchers to submit their research studies and review articles into this Special Issue of Life. Clinical research articles exploring new frontiers of coronary syndromes, hypercholesterolemia and heart failure, as well as the hottest topics in cardiovascular research, are especially invited.

The editors hope that readers of this issue of Life will find it of interest.


Potential topics may include the following:

  • Chronic coronary syndromes
  • Acute coronary syndromes
  • Hypercholesterolemia
  • Atherosclerosis
  • Uric acid
  • Lipoprotein (a)
  • Heart failure

Prof. Dr. Miłosz J. Jaguszewski
Dr. Agnieszka Mickiewicz
Prof. Dr. Marcin Gruchala
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • chronic coronary syndromes
  • acute coronary syndromes
  • hypercholesterolemia
  • atherosclerosis
  • Uric Acid
  • lipoprotein (a)
  • heart failure

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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8 pages, 1741 KiB  
Communication
The Spectrum of ACS: Towards a More Personalized Approach
by Thomas F. Lüscher
Life 2021, 11(4), 322; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/life11040322 - 06 Apr 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1980
Abstract
On 24 September 1955, Wall Street was in a panic and shares plummeted [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coronary Syndromes, Hypercholesterolemia and Heart Failure—Frontier Research and a Glimpse into the Future)
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13 pages, 2178 KiB  
Article
Monitoring the Effects of Hypolipidemic Treatment in Children with Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Poland
by Matylda Hennig, Agnieszka Brandt-Varma, Anna Wołoszyn-Durkiewicz, Joanna Bautembach-Minkowska, Marta Buraczewska, Dominik Świętoń, Agnieszka Mickiewicz, Andrzej Rynkiewicz, Marcin Gruchała, Janusz Limon, Bartosz Wasąg, Magdalena Chmara, Mieczysław Walczak and Małgorzata Myśliwiec
Life 2020, 10(11), 270; https://doi.org/10.3390/life10110270 - 04 Nov 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1797
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the most common monogenic autosomal dominant disorder. FH results in an increased cardiovascular mortality rate. However, cardiovascular risk control factors enable the avoidance of approximately 80% of strokes and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, early detection and implementation of lipid-lowering treatment [...] Read more.
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the most common monogenic autosomal dominant disorder. FH results in an increased cardiovascular mortality rate. However, cardiovascular risk control factors enable the avoidance of approximately 80% of strokes and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, early detection and implementation of lipid-lowering treatment is essential. In the present study, 57 pediatric patients aged 9.57 ± 3.26 years with FH were enrolled in the study. Researchers checked the lipid profile and performed the ultrasound imaging including intima-media thickness (IMT) measurement and echo (e)-tracking in the study group. Patients were treated with a low-cholesterol diet solely or along with pharmacological treatment with statins. Subsequently, patients were monitored for 12 months. The positive results of dietary treatment were observed in 40 patients. The efficacy of 12 months of nutritional therapy along with pharmacological treatment was reported in 27 patients. We observed a significant decrease in the carotid beta index stiffness and an insignificant decrease in the IMT in the group of patients treated with statins. The obtained data show that statin therapy in children with FH allow for the reduction of the degree of atherosclerotic vessel changes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coronary Syndromes, Hypercholesterolemia and Heart Failure—Frontier Research and a Glimpse into the Future)
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Review

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15 pages, 1391 KiB  
Review
Statins in COVID-19 Therapy
by Justyna Olszewska-Parasiewicz, Łukasz Szarpak, Sylwester Rogula, Aleksandra Gąsecka, Urszula Szymańska, Maria Kwiatkowska, Milosz J. Jaguszewski, Radosław Sierpiński, Artur Zaczyński, Waldemar Wierzba and Dariusz A. Kosior
Life 2021, 11(6), 565; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/life11060565 - 16 Jun 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3218
Abstract
Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3methylgultaryl-coenzyme A reductase (statins) are one of the main groups of drugs used in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases worldwide. They are widely available, cheap, and well-tolerated. Based on statins’ pleiotropic properties, including improvement of endothelial dysfunction, antioxidant properties, atherosclerotic plaque [...] Read more.
Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3methylgultaryl-coenzyme A reductase (statins) are one of the main groups of drugs used in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases worldwide. They are widely available, cheap, and well-tolerated. Based on statins’ pleiotropic properties, including improvement of endothelial dysfunction, antioxidant properties, atherosclerotic plaque stabilization, and inhibition of inflammatory responses, it can be hypothesized that the use of statins, at least as an adjuvant in antiviral therapy, may be justified. All these effects might be especially beneficial in patients with COVID-19, suffering from endothelial dysfunction, microvascular and macrovascular thrombosis, and cytokine storm. Here, we review the recent data regarding the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 activity in host cells, proposed COVID-19 therapy, the pleiotropic activity of statins, and statins in clinical trials in respiratory infections. According to the guidelines of the European and American Cardiac Societies, in patients with cardiovascular disease or high cardiovascular risk with concomitant COVID-19 it is recommended to continue statin treatment. However, the initiation of statin therapy de novo in COVID-19 treatment should only be done as part of a clinical trial. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coronary Syndromes, Hypercholesterolemia and Heart Failure—Frontier Research and a Glimpse into the Future)
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15 pages, 1246 KiB  
Review
Antiplatelet Effects of PCSK9 Inhibitors in Primary Hypercholesterolemia
by Piotr Pęczek, Mateusz Leśniewski, Tomasz Mazurek, Lukasz Szarpak, Krzysztof J. Filipiak and Aleksandra Gąsecka
Life 2021, 11(6), 466; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/life11060466 - 23 May 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4178
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors are a novel group of hypolipidemic drugs that are recommended particularly for high-risk hypercholesterolemia patients, including those with primary hypercholesterolemia (PH), where lifelong exposure to high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels results in an elevated risk [...] Read more.
Proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors are a novel group of hypolipidemic drugs that are recommended particularly for high-risk hypercholesterolemia patients, including those with primary hypercholesterolemia (PH), where lifelong exposure to high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels results in an elevated risk of atherosclerosis at an early age. The onset and progression of atherosclerosis is significantly influenced by activated platelets. Oxidized LDL influences platelet activation by interacting with their surface receptors and remodeling the composition of their cell membrane. This results in platelet aggregation, endothelial cell activation, promotion of inflammation and oxidative stress, and acceleration of lipid accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques. PCSK9 inhibitors reduce platelet activation by both significantly lowering LDL levels and reducing the LDL receptor-mediated activation of platelets by PCSK9. They also work synergistically with other hypolipidemic and antithrombotic drugs, including statins, ezetimibe, acetylsalicylic acid, clopidogrel, and ticagrelor, which enhances their antiplatelet and LDL-lowering effects. In this review, we summarize the currently available evidence on platelet hyperreactivity in PH, the effects of PCSK9 inhibitors on platelets, and their synergism with other drugs used in PH therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coronary Syndromes, Hypercholesterolemia and Heart Failure—Frontier Research and a Glimpse into the Future)
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14 pages, 2653 KiB  
Review
Thromboembolic Complications in Covid-19: From Clinical Scenario to Laboratory Evidence
by Alberto Palazzuoli, Michela Giustozzi, Gaetano Ruocco, Francesco Tramonte, Edoardo Gronda and Giancarlo Agnelli
Life 2021, 11(5), 395; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/life11050395 - 27 Apr 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2793
Abstract
SARS-Cov-2 infection, a pandemic disease since March 2020, is associated with a high percentage of cardiovascular complications mainly of a thromboembolic (TE) nature. Although clinical patterns have been described for the assessment of patients with increased risk, many TE complications occur in patients [...] Read more.
SARS-Cov-2 infection, a pandemic disease since March 2020, is associated with a high percentage of cardiovascular complications mainly of a thromboembolic (TE) nature. Although clinical patterns have been described for the assessment of patients with increased risk, many TE complications occur in patients with apparently moderate risk. Notably, a recent statement from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) atherosclerosis and vascular biology working group pointed out the key role of vascular endothelium for the recruitment of inflammatory and thrombotic pathways responsible for both disseminated intravascular coagulation and cardiovascular complications. Therefore, a better understanding of the pathophysiological process linking infection to increased TE risk is needed in order to understand the pathways of this dangerous liaison and possibly interrupt it with appropriate treatment. In this review, we describe the histological lesions and the related blood coagulation mechanisms involved in COVID-19, we define the laboratory parameters and clinical risk factors associated with TE events, and propose a prophylactic anticoagulation treatment in relation to the risk category. Finally, we highlight the concept that a solid risk assessment based on prospective multi-center data would be the challenge for a more precise risk stratification and more appropriate treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coronary Syndromes, Hypercholesterolemia and Heart Failure—Frontier Research and a Glimpse into the Future)
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13 pages, 983 KiB  
Review
LDL-Cholesterol and Platelets: Insights into Their Interactions in Atherosclerosis
by Aleksandra Gąsecka, Sylwester Rogula, Łukasz Szarpak and Krzysztof J. Filipiak
Life 2021, 11(1), 39; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/life11010039 - 11 Jan 2021
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 5196
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and its complications, including acute coronary syndromes, are the major cause of death worldwide. The two most important pathophysiological mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis include increased platelet activation and increased low-density lipoproteins (LDL) concentration. In contrast to LDL, oxidized (ox)-LDL have direct pro-thrombotic properties [...] Read more.
Atherosclerosis and its complications, including acute coronary syndromes, are the major cause of death worldwide. The two most important pathophysiological mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis include increased platelet activation and increased low-density lipoproteins (LDL) concentration. In contrast to LDL, oxidized (ox)-LDL have direct pro-thrombotic properties by functional interactions with platelets, leading to platelet activation and favoring thrombus formation. In this review, we summarize the currently available evidence on the interactions between LDL-cholesterol and platelets, which are based on (i) the presence of ox-LDL-binding sites on platelets, (ii) generation of ox-LDL by platelets and (iii) the role of activated platelets and ox-LDL in atherosclerosis. In addition, we elaborate on the clinical implications of these interactions, including development of the new therapeutic possibilities. The ability to understand and modulate mechanisms governing interactions between LDL-cholesterol and platelets may offer new treatment strategies for atherosclerosis prevention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coronary Syndromes, Hypercholesterolemia and Heart Failure—Frontier Research and a Glimpse into the Future)
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