Vaccines in Virology: New Developments and Pathogen Response

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2024) | Viewed by 669

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Enteric Virus and Measles Laboratory, Institut Pasteur of Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic
Interests: Poliovirus; genetic drift; vaccines; recombinants; Enterovirus

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, the emergence of pathogens such as Ebola virus, COVID-19, monkey pox, VDPV2 and wild poliovirus type 1 has challenged not only the production of new vaccines, but also vaccination programs. These emergencies have led to the introduction of new vaccines in stage III trials under the WHO EUL (Ebola, COVID-19 19, nOPV2). This has been controversial on several levels. For example, (i) local populations do not readily accept being used as guinea pigs; (ii) conspiracy theories have been recently risen in popularity (COVID-19). The emergence of monkey pox cases in previously unaffected continents raises the issue of stopping vaccination after the pathogens have been eradicated. The reintroduction of wild poliovirus type 1 in Africa questions the quality of disease surveillance and supplementary immunization activities.  Other issues related to the administration of vaccines to people who have undergone organ transplants or cancer treatment, not to mention the changes in the epidemiology of pathogens that have been under vaccine pressure for years, are just as topical. Will mass vaccination solve all our problems related to the emergence and re-emergence of viruses? Will a population that has more and more access to information (or disinformation, for that matter) easily accept new vaccines? How can the adverse effects of vaccines be explained without creating mistrust? How can we explain the efficacy of vaccines and the benefits of selective vaccination to an increasingly individualistic world?

This is a small sample of the questions that the scientific world should be able to answer so that neither the efforts to combat vaccine-preventable viral diseases nor the progress made remain in vain or ineffective.

Dr. Ionela Gouandjika-Vasilache
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • virus
  • vaccine
  • emergence
  • epidemiology
  • adverse effects

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 1108 KiB  
Article
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Responses in Various Populations: Use of a Rapid Surrogate Lateral Flow Assay and Correlations with Anti-RBD Antibody Levels
by Joël Gozlan, Audrey Baron, Anders Boyd, Maud Salmona, Djeneba Fofana, Marine Minier, Audrey Gabassi, Laurence Morand-Joubert, Constance Delaugerre and Sarah Maylin
Life 2024, 14(7), 791; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/life14070791 - 22 Jun 2024
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Abstract
Background: After the global COVID-19 crisis, understanding post-infectious immunity and vaccine efficacy remains crucial. This study aims to assess anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity through a quantitative analysis of anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies and rapid functional testing of the neutralizing humoral response. Methods: A retrospective analysis [...] Read more.
Background: After the global COVID-19 crisis, understanding post-infectious immunity and vaccine efficacy remains crucial. This study aims to assess anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity through a quantitative analysis of anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies and rapid functional testing of the neutralizing humoral response. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on samples from various cohorts, including partially vaccinated, fully vaccinated, post-COVID/no-vaccination, and post-COVID/vaccination individuals with various immune-competency statuses. The anti-RBD antibodies were measured using an automated chemiluminescence assay, while the neutralizing antibodies’ (NAbs’) activity was assessed through the lateral flow ichroma COVID-19 nAb test (LFT), a surrogate neutralization assay. Results: The analysis revealed various levels of anti-RBD antibodies and seroneutralization responses across cohorts, with the post-COVID/vaccination group demonstrating the most robust protection. A correlation between anti-RBD antibodies and seroneutralization was observed, albeit with varying strength depending on the subgroup analyzed. Longitudinal assessment following natural infection showed an initial surge followed by a decline in both measures. A cutoff of 3.0 log10 BAU/mL was established to predict significant seroneutralization. Conclusions: The ichroma™ COVID-19 nAb test displayed high specificity and emerged as a valuable tool for monitoring anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity. These findings contribute to understand the antibody response dynamics and underscore the potential of rapid tests in predicting protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccines in Virology: New Developments and Pathogen Response)
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