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Membranes
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Recent Advances in Outer Membrane Vesicles
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Recent Advances in Outer Membrane Vesicles

A special issue of Membranes (ISSN 2077-0375). This special issue belongs to the section "Biological Membrane Functions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (21 August 2023) | Viewed by 10744

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Kumar Naresh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 370 W. 9th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Interests: outer membrane vesicles; cardiac dysfunction; cardi-ovascular disease; exosomes; stem cells; human plu-ripotent stem cells; cardiomyocytes; inflammation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent studies have shown that both pathogenic and nonpathogenic Gram-negative bacteria secrete nano-size outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) packed with endotoxins, enzymes, peptidoglycan, periplasmic proteins, short RNAs (sRNAs), and nucleic acid. Once they release into the circulatory system, they reach the distal organs and play a vital role in host–pathogen interactions, where they mediate intracellular communication and modulate host immune response and function. Furthermore, OMVs have been shown to activate apoptosis, pyroptosis, inflammasome, and other inflammatory pathways. Thus, bacteria use OMVs for host–pathogen interaction for establishing bacterial pathogenesis, as well as a long-distance weapon. Therefore, OMVs possess diverse pathological and physiological functions and have the potential to enable the revival of various bacterial diseases in a scenario of an increase in antibiotic resistance. Thus, it is significant to advance OMVs research for the development of host-directed therapy, effective diagnostic tools, and the preparation of vaccines against the various pathogenic species of Gram-negative bacteria. However, the physiological environment and various types of stress change the composition, size, and functions of the OMVs, thus, making research more challenging.

This Special Issue aims to present the most recent advances in the OMVs’ structure, function, and composition from various perspectives. This study will decipher the pathways associated with host–pathogen interaction, pathogenesis, and OMVs’ modulated various physiological functions that provide new insights into the field of OMVs research.

Both original and review articles are welcome. We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Kumar Naresh
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Membranes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • outer membrane vesicles
  • OMV
  • Gram-negative bacteria
  • vaccines
  • pathogenesis
  • apoptosis
  • pyroptosis
  • inflammasome
  • inflammation

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2564 KiB  
Article
Immunogenicity of Escherichia coli Outer Membrane Vesicles: Elucidation of Humoral Responses against OMV-Associated Antigens
by Lorenzo Croia, Giulia Boscato Sopetto, Ilaria Zanella, Elena Caproni, Assunta Gagliardi, Silvia Tamburini, Enrico König, Mattia Benedet, Gabriele Di Lascio, Riccardo Corbellari, Alberto Grandi, Michele Tomasi and Guido Grandi
Membranes 2023, 13(11), 882; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/membranes13110882 - 16 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2125
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) produced by Gram-negative bacteria have emerged as a novel and flexible vaccine platform. OMVs can be decorated with foreign antigens and carry potent immunostimulatory components. Therefore, after their purification from the culture supernatant, they are ready to be formulated [...] Read more.
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) produced by Gram-negative bacteria have emerged as a novel and flexible vaccine platform. OMVs can be decorated with foreign antigens and carry potent immunostimulatory components. Therefore, after their purification from the culture supernatant, they are ready to be formulated for vaccine use. It has been extensively demonstrated that immunization with engineered OMVs can elicit excellent antibody responses against the heterologous antigens. However, the definition of the conditions necessary to reach the optimal antibody titers still needs to be investigated. Here, we defined the protein concentrations required to induce antigen-specific antibodies, and the amount of antigen and OMVs necessary and sufficient to elicit saturating levels of antigen-specific antibodies. Since not all antigens can be expressed in OMVs, we also investigated the effectiveness of vaccines in which OMVs and purified antigens are mixed together without using any procedure for their physical association. Our data show that in most of the cases OMV–antigen mixtures are very effective in eliciting antigen-specific antibodies. This is probably due to the capacity of OMVs to “absorb” antigens, establishing sufficiently stable interactions that allow antigen–OMV co-presentation to the same antigen presenting cell. In those cases when antigen–OMV interaction is not sufficiently stable, the addition of alum to the formulation guarantees the elicitation of high titers of antigen-specific antibodies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Outer Membrane Vesicles)
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18 pages, 2845 KiB  
Article
Heterologous Display of Chlamydia trachomatis PmpD Passenger at the Surface of Salmonella OMVs
by Dung T. Huynh, Wouter S. P. Jong, Manon A. H. Oudejans, H. Bart van den Berg van Saparoea, Joen Luirink and Peter van Ulsen
Membranes 2023, 13(4), 366; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/membranes13040366 - 23 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1844
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is the bacterial pathogen that causes most cases of sexually transmitted diseases annually. To combat the global spread of asymptomatic infection, development of effective (mucosal) vaccines that offer both systemic and local immune responses is considered a high priority. In this [...] Read more.
Chlamydia trachomatis is the bacterial pathogen that causes most cases of sexually transmitted diseases annually. To combat the global spread of asymptomatic infection, development of effective (mucosal) vaccines that offer both systemic and local immune responses is considered a high priority. In this study, we explored the expression of C. trachomatis full-length (FL) PmpD, as well as truncated PmpD passenger constructs fused to a “display” autotransporter (AT) hemoglobin protease (HbpD) and studied their inclusion into outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium. OMVs are considered safe vaccine vectors well-suited for mucosal delivery. By using E. coli AT HbpD-fusions of chimeric constructs we improved surface display and successfully generated Salmonella OMVs decorated with a secreted and immunogenic PmpD passenger fragment (aa68-629) to 13% of the total protein content. Next, we investigated whether a similar chimeric surface display strategy could be applied to other AT antigens, i.e., secreted fragments of Prn (aa35-350) of Bordetella pertussis and VacA (aa65-377) of Helicobacter pylori. The data provided information on the complexity of heterologous expression of AT antigens at the OMV surface and suggested that optimal expression strategies should be developed on an antigen-to-antigen basis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Outer Membrane Vesicles)
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Review

Jump to: Research

16 pages, 3647 KiB  
Review
Latest Update on Outer Membrane Vesicles and Their Role in Horizontal Gene Transfer: A Mini-Review
by Beatrice Marinacci, Paweł Krzyżek, Benedetta Pellegrini, Gabriele Turacchio and Rossella Grande
Membranes 2023, 13(11), 860; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/membranes13110860 - 26 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2016
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical, lipid-based nano-structures, which are released by Gram-negative bacteria in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The size and composition of OMVs depend on not only the producer bacterial species but also cells belonging to the same [...] Read more.
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical, lipid-based nano-structures, which are released by Gram-negative bacteria in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The size and composition of OMVs depend on not only the producer bacterial species but also cells belonging to the same strain. The mechanism of vesicles’ biogenesis has a key role in determining their cargo and the pattern of macromolecules exposed on their surface. Thus, the content of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules defines the properties of OMVs and their beneficial or harmful effects on human health. Many studies have provided evidence that OMVs can be involved in a plethora of biological processes, including cell-to-cell communication and bacteria–host interactions. Moreover, there is a growing body of literature supporting their role in horizontal gene transfer (HGT). During this process, OMVs can facilitate the spreading of genes involved in metabolic pathways, virulence, and antibiotic resistance, guaranteeing bacterial proliferation and survival. For this reason, a deeper understanding of this new mechanism of genetic transfer could improve the development of more efficient strategies to counteract infections sustained by Gram-negative bacteria. In line with this, the main aim of this mini-review is to summarize the latest evidence concerning the involvement of OMVs in HGT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Outer Membrane Vesicles)
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15 pages, 6426 KiB  
Review
Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles and Immune Modulation of the Host
by Lily A. Charpentier, Emily F. Dolben, Matthew R. Hendricks, Deborah A. Hogan, Jennifer M. Bomberger and Bruce A. Stanton
Membranes 2023, 13(9), 752; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/membranes13090752 - 24 Aug 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2562
Abstract
This article reviews the role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in mediating the interaction between Gram-negative bacteria and their human hosts. OMVs are produced by a diverse range of Gram-negative bacteria during infection and play a critical role in facilitating host–pathogen interactions without [...] Read more.
This article reviews the role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in mediating the interaction between Gram-negative bacteria and their human hosts. OMVs are produced by a diverse range of Gram-negative bacteria during infection and play a critical role in facilitating host–pathogen interactions without requiring direct cell-to-cell contact. This article describes the mechanisms by which OMVs are formed and subsequently interact with host cells, leading to the transport of microbial protein virulence factors and short interfering RNAs (sRNA) to their host targets, exerting their immunomodulatory effects by targeting specific host signaling pathways. Specifically, this review highlights mechanisms by which OMVs facilitate chronic infection through epigenetic modification of the host immune response. Finally, this review identifies critical knowledge gaps in the field and offers potential avenues for future OMV research, specifically regarding rigor and reproducibility in OMV isolation and characterization methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Outer Membrane Vesicles)
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13 pages, 5570 KiB  
Review
Functionalization of OMVs for Biocatalytic Applications
by Lita Amalia and Shen-Long Tsai
Membranes 2023, 13(5), 459; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/membranes13050459 - 24 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1526
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are miniature versions of gram-negative bacteria that contain almost the same content as their parent cells, particularly in terms of membrane composition. Using OMVs as biocatalysts is a promising approach due to their potential benefits, including their ability to [...] Read more.
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are miniature versions of gram-negative bacteria that contain almost the same content as their parent cells, particularly in terms of membrane composition. Using OMVs as biocatalysts is a promising approach due to their potential benefits, including their ability to be handled similarly to bacteria while lacking potentially pathogenic organisms. To employ OMVs as biocatalysts, they must be functionalized with immobilized enzymes to the OMV platform. Various enzyme immobilization techniques are available, including surface display and encapsulation, each with advantages and disadvantages depending on the objectives. This review provides a concise yet comprehensive overview of these immobilization techniques and their applications in utilizing OMVs as biocatalysts. Specifically, we discuss the use of OMVs in catalyzing the conversion of chemical compounds, their role in polymer degradation, and their performance in bioremediation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Outer Membrane Vesicles)
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