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Metals
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Fatigue and Fracture of Mg Alloys
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Fatigue and Fracture of Mg Alloys

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metal Failure Analysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2021) | Viewed by 15812

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Hamid Jahed

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
Interests: durability of materials and structures; fatigue of lightweight materials; fatigue of magnesium alloys; fatigue of mechanical joints; fatigue of spot welds; low cycle fatigue; cyclic plasticity; variable material property method; notch analysis; residual stress measurements and predictions; cold spray coating; solid-state additive manufacturing; corrosion fatigue; finite deformation; automotive; aerospace; advanced manufacturing; additive manufacturing
Dr. Andrew Gryguć

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
Interests: durability of materials and structure; fatigue of lightweight materials; fatigue of magnesium alloys; low cycle fatigue; cyclic plasticity; fatigue modelling; life prediction; stress-life HCF; strain-life LCF; LEFM, crack propagation; fatigue damage mechanisms; finite element analysis; quasi-static analysis; durability analysis; automotive; aerospace; advanced manufacturing; additive manufacturing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Magnesium and its alloys have been long known for their low density and high specific strength, resulting in them being ideal candidates for the lightweighting of structures, vehicles, and aircraft. Over the past few decades, considerable efforts have been invested into understanding how to effectively process Mg and predict its behavior. More recently, wrought processing methods have been developed, resulting in a favorable combination of strength and ductility, which can offer superior performance to other more conventional metals such as steel and aluminum. However, a strong crystallographic texture can result from processing in wrought forms of magnesium, resulting in an asymmetric and anisotropic material behaviour. This directional dependence of the material’s response, as well as the comparatively low level of knowledge surrounding its cyclic behavior, are two areas where significant contributions are still to be made by both the academic and industrial communities regarding magnesium. Understanding the complex nature of magnesium’s deformation mechanisms and their influence on fatigue and fracture will facilitate its successful adoption into the mainstream high-volume production of structural components.

In this Special Issue, we seek to provide a diverse set of articles on various aspects of the fatigue and fracture of magnesium alloys. The purpose is to demonstrate the underutilized potential of many Mg alloys in structural applications, fatigue critical components, and for innovations in lightweighting. It is anticipated that this Special Issue will provide an opportunity for researchers to familiarize themselves with the current state of the art for this unique material as well as its diverse alloys. Articles with a specific focus on the fatigue and fracture of Mg alloys are desired, with content traversing the metallurgy, production/processing technologies, materials characterization, material modelling, deformation mechanisms, damage mechanisms, life prediction, corrosion protection, and performance in the finished products of Mg alloys.

Prof. Dr. Hamid Jahed
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lightweight metals
  • magnesium
  • fatigue characterization
  • fracture mechanics
  • fatigue modeling
  • crystallographic texture
  • material asymmetry
  • material anisotropy
  • twinning
  • mean stress effect
  • corrosion-fatigue
  • multiaxial loading
  • variable amplitude loading
  • multiscale modeling
  • notch effects

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 7570 KiB  
Article
Elucidating the Effect of Additive Friction Stir Deposition on the Resulting Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Alloy WE43
by M. B. Williams, T. W. Robinson, C. J. Williamson, R. P. Kinser, N. A. Ashmore, P. G. Allison and J. B. Jordon
Metals 2021, 11(11), 1739; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/met11111739 - 30 Oct 2021
Cited by 47 | Viewed by 3665
Abstract
In this work, the effect of processing parameters on the resulting microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesium alloy WE43 processed via Additive Friction Stir Deposition (AFSD), a nascent solid-state additive manufacturing (AM) process, is investigated. In particular, a parameterization study was carried out, [...] Read more.
In this work, the effect of processing parameters on the resulting microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesium alloy WE43 processed via Additive Friction Stir Deposition (AFSD), a nascent solid-state additive manufacturing (AM) process, is investigated. In particular, a parameterization study was carried out, using multiple four-layer deposits, to identify a suitable process window for a structural 68-layers bulk WE43 deposition. The parametric study identified an acceptable set of parameters with minimal surface defects and excellent consolidation for the fabrication of a bulk WE43 deposition. Microstructural, tensile, and fatigue life characterization was conducted on the bulk WE43 deposition and compared to commercially available wrought material to elucidate the process-structure-property-performance (PSPP) relationship of the AFSD process. This study shows that the bulk WE43 deposit exhibited a refined homogenous microstructure and a texture shift relative to the wrought material. However, a reduction in hardness and tensile behavior was observed in the as-deposited WE43 compared to the wrought control. Additionally, fatigue specimens extracted from the bulk deposition exhibited a decrease in life in the low-cycle regime but performed comparably to the wrought plate in the high-cycle regime. The outcomes of this study illustrate the potential of the AFSD process in additively manufactured structural load-bearing components made with magnesium alloy WE43 in the as-built condition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fatigue and Fracture of Mg Alloys)
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17 pages, 3108 KiB  
Article
Fatigue Damage Map of AZ31B-F Magnesium Alloys under Multiaxial Loading Conditions
by Vitor Anes, Luis Reis and Manuel Freitas
Metals 2021, 11(10), 1616; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/met11101616 - 11 Oct 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1498
Abstract
In this work, the mechanical behavior of the AZ31B-F magnesium alloy under cyclic loading is analyzed with the goal of contributing to the advancement of its use in the design of AZ31B-F components and structures. To achieve this goal, an experimental program was [...] Read more.
In this work, the mechanical behavior of the AZ31B-F magnesium alloy under cyclic loading is analyzed with the goal of contributing to the advancement of its use in the design of AZ31B-F components and structures. To achieve this goal, an experimental program was implemented to evaluate the cyclic response of the AZ31B-F under specific proportional loads with different stress amplitude ratios. Afterwards, regression methods were applied to extend the experimental data to a wide range of proportional loads. As a result, the AZ31B-F damage map, a material property that stablishes the damage scale between normal and shear stresses for finite life loading regimes, was obtained. In addition, a safety factor was developed for the AZ31B-F material when subjected to proportional loading. The achieved results have a direct application in mechanical design of components/structures made of AZ31B-F contributing to its reliability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fatigue and Fracture of Mg Alloys)
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16 pages, 3727 KiB  
Article
A Method for Comparing the Fatigue Performance of Forged AZ80 Magnesium
by Andrew Gryguć, Seyed Behzad Behravesh, Hamid Jahed, Mary Wells, Bruce Williams, Rudy Gruber, Alex Duquette, Tom Sparrow, Jim Prsa and Xuming Su
Metals 2021, 11(8), 1290; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/met11081290 - 16 Aug 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1993
Abstract
A closed die forging process was developed to successfully forge an automotive suspension component from AZ80 Mg at a variety of different forging temperatures (300 °C, 450 °C). The properties of the forged component were compared and contrasted with other research works on [...] Read more.
A closed die forging process was developed to successfully forge an automotive suspension component from AZ80 Mg at a variety of different forging temperatures (300 °C, 450 °C). The properties of the forged component were compared and contrasted with other research works on forged AZ80 Mg at both an intermediate forging and full-scale component forging level. The monotonic response, as well as the stress and strain-controlled fatigue behaviours, were characterized for the forged materials. Stress, strain and energy-based fatigue data were used as a basis for comparison of the durability performance. The effects of the starting material, forging temperature, forging geometry/configuration were all studied and aided in developing a deeper understanding of the process-structure-properties relationship. In general, there is a larger improvement in the material properties due to forging with cast base material as the microstructural modification which enhances both the strength and ductility is more pronounced. In general, the optimum fatigue properties were achieved by using extruded base-material and forging using a closed-die process at higher strain rates and lower temperatures. The merits and drawbacks of various fatigue damage parameters (FDP’s) were investigated for predicting the fatigue behaviour of die-forged AZ80 Mg components, of those investigated, strain energy density (SED) proved to be the most robust method of comparison. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fatigue and Fracture of Mg Alloys)
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16 pages, 5231 KiB  
Article
Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Hot-Bent Basal Textured AZ31B Wrought Magnesium Alloy
by Anton Nischler, Josef Denk, Holger Saage, Hubert Klaus and Otto Huber
Metals 2021, 11(7), 1004; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/met11071004 - 23 Jun 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2048
Abstract
In the recent past, several researchers have successfully modeled the complex fatigue behavior of planar twin-roll cast AZ31B alloy sheets. Complex components are usually hot-bent, whereby the microstructure in the hot-bent areas changes significantly. However, studies on the fatigue behavior of hot-bent magnesium [...] Read more.
In the recent past, several researchers have successfully modeled the complex fatigue behavior of planar twin-roll cast AZ31B alloy sheets. Complex components are usually hot-bent, whereby the microstructure in the hot-bent areas changes significantly. However, studies on the fatigue behavior of hot-bent magnesium alloys are currently lacking. Therefore, a novel, uniaxial hot-bent specimen was developed and optimized with finite element method simulations. Microstructural analyses with the electron backscatter diffraction method reveal that the hot-bending process changes the texture and increases the Schmid factor for basal slip in rolling and transverse direction of the sheet. In the subsequent quasi-static tension and compression tests, anisotropic and asymmetric yield stresses, lower Young’s moduli compared with the as-received material and macroscopic bands of twinned grains are obtained. Finally, the study proves that the recently proposed concept of highly strained volume can accurately estimate the lifetime, even by combining the as-received and hot-bent material in one fatigue model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fatigue and Fracture of Mg Alloys)
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14 pages, 3619 KiB  
Article
Fatigue Failure Prediction of U-Notched ZK60 Magnesium Samples Using the Strain Energy Density Approach
by Jafar Albinmousa
Metals 2021, 11(1), 113; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/met11010113 - 8 Jan 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1929
Abstract
The light weight of magnesium alloys makes them a promising material in different potential industries, such as aerospace and automobile. In addition, magnesium alloys are attractive materials for biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility with the human body. The applications of these alloys [...] Read more.
The light weight of magnesium alloys makes them a promising material in different potential industries, such as aerospace and automobile. In addition, magnesium alloys are attractive materials for biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility with the human body. The applications of these alloys in structural parts require an understanding of their fatigue behavior because they are usually subjected to time-varying loading. Furthermore, notches are inevitable in structural parts. Geometrical discontinuities weaken structures because they act as stress raisers. Localized cyclic plasticity around notches leads to crack formation and final failure. The main objective of this research was to investigate the fatigue failure of ZK60-T5 extrusion in the presence of a notch. U-notched specimens with a diameter of 16 mm, notch radius of 1.5 mm, and notch depth of 1.5 mm were machined along the extrusion direction. Cyclic tests were performed under completely reversed cyclic loading and ambient conditions. The results obtained from the cyclic tests of the U-notched specimens were compared with those of unnotched and V-notched specimens to assess the effects of both the presence and the geometry of a notch on fatigue life. The strain energy density approach was successfully used to analyze the fatigue behavior of the U-notch specimens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fatigue and Fracture of Mg Alloys)
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13 pages, 6457 KiB  
Article
Stress Corrosion Behavior of AM50Gd Magnesium Alloy in Different Environments
by Miao Yang, Xiaobo Liu, Zhiyi Zhang and Yulai Song
Metals 2019, 9(5), 616; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/met9050616 - 27 May 2019
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3311
Abstract
A new type of high strength corrosion-resistant magnesium alloy was prepared by adding 1% rare earth Gd to AM50 and then treated with hot extrusion method. The stress corrosion properties of the new materials in air, pure water, 0.5 mol/L NaCl, and 0.5 [...] Read more.
A new type of high strength corrosion-resistant magnesium alloy was prepared by adding 1% rare earth Gd to AM50 and then treated with hot extrusion method. The stress corrosion properties of the new materials in air, pure water, 0.5 mol/L NaCl, and 0.5 mol/L Na2SO4 solution were studied by the slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) test, in situ open circuit potential test, Tafel curve test, stereomicroscope, SEM, and EDS. The results showed the following. The stress corrosion sensitivity of the material in different environments was Na2SO4 > NaCl > distilled water > air. According to the Tafel curves measured at 0 and 100 MPa, the corrosion voltage decreased little and the corrosion current density increased rapidly under 100 Pa. This was because the film of the corrosion product ruptured to form a large cathode and a small anode, which resulted in a large instantaneous corrosion current. The mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement and anodic dissolution together affected the stress corrosion behavior of the alloy. In distilled water, hydrogen embrittlement played a major role, while in NaCl and Na2SO4 solution, hydrogen embrittlement and anodic dissolution were both affected. The direct reason of the stress corrosion crack (SCC) samples’ failure was the cracks expanding rapidly at the bottom of pit, which was caused by corrosion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fatigue and Fracture of Mg Alloys)
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