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Metals
Special Issues
Microstructural Engineering in Metallic Materials
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Microstructural Engineering in Metallic Materials

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 10438

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ehsan Ghassemali

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Materials & Manufacturing, School of Engineering, Jönköping University, 551 11 Jönköping, Sweden
Interests: alloy development; high-entropy alloys; electron microscopy; deformation; plasticity; failure analysis; metal casting and forming; physical and mechanical metallurgy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Developing high-performance engineering metals is one of the practical solutions to many of today’s industrial challenges. Tailoring (engineering) the microstructure is an indirect but effective way of optimizing the properties of metals.

This includes a range of length scales from the atomic level (e.g., short-range-ordering) to the nano/micro/millimeter scale (e.g., dislocations, grain/subgrains). The characteristics (size, morphology, volume fraction, distribution, etc.) of other microstructural constituents such as dispersoids or secondary phases also affect the material behavior in various working conditions.

This Special Issue will gather and present the latest achievements in theoretical (modeling and simulation) and experimental studies of microstructural engineering in metallic materials (including metals, alloys, and metal-matrix composites). The issue covers all related processing routes, including metal casting, forming, joining, powder technology, etc. Studies that include advanced metallic materials such as medium- and high-entropy alloys as well as advanced characterization techniques such as atom probe tomography or analytical microscopy (EBSD, EDX, EELS, etc.) are particularly welcome. An appropriate submission to this Special Issue should include an analysis of the structure–property-processing relationship in metals.

Dr. Ehsan Ghassemali
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Alloy development
  • Medium-entropy alloys
  • High-entropy alloys
  • Grain refinement
  • Deformation
  • Texture
  • Strengthening mechanisms
  • Dislocations
  • Internal stress
  • Recrystallization

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 8182 KiB  
Article
On the Simultaneous Improving of Strength and Elongation in Dual Phase Steels via Cold Rolling
by Yousef Mazaheri, Amir Hossein Jahanara, Mohsen Sheikhi and Ehsan Ghassemali
Metals 2020, 10(12), 1676; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/met10121676 - 15 Dec 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2118
Abstract
The ferrite-pearlite microstructure was cold-rolled to form dual phase (DP) steels, the percentage reduction of which varied. To do so, the steels were annealed in two steps and then the workpiece underwent water quenching. Accordingly, a decrease was observed in the average size [...] Read more.
The ferrite-pearlite microstructure was cold-rolled to form dual phase (DP) steels, the percentage reduction of which varied. To do so, the steels were annealed in two steps and then the workpiece underwent water quenching. Accordingly, a decrease was observed in the average size of the ferrite grains, from above 15 µm to below 2 µm, subsequent to the thermomechanical processing. By an increase in the reduction percentage, the volume fraction of martensite grew. The balance between strength and elongation also improved nearly 3 times, equivalent to approximately 37,297 MPa% in DP in comparison to 11,501 MPa% in the ferrite-pearlite microstructure, even after 50% cold-rolling. Based on Hollomon and differential Crussard-Jaoul (DC–J) analyses, the DP steels under investigation deformed in two and three stages, respectively. The modified C–J (MC–J) analysis, however, revealed that the deformation process took place in four stages. The rate of strain hardening at the onset of the deformation process was rather high in all DP steels. The given rate increased once the size of the ferrite grains reduced; an increase in the volume fraction of martensite due to larger percentage of reduction also contributed to the higher rate of strain hardening. The observation of the fractured surfaces of the tensile specimens indicated ductile fracture of the studied DP steels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructural Engineering in Metallic Materials)
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15 pages, 9040 KiB  
Article
Development of a TiNbTaMoZr-Based High Entropy Alloy with Low Young´s Modulus by Mechanical Alloying Route
by Juliette Normand, Rocío Moriche, Cristina García-Garrido, Ranier Enrique Sepúlveda Ferrer and Ernesto Chicardi
Metals 2020, 10(11), 1463; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/met10111463 - 1 Nov 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3512
Abstract
In this work, an equiatomic TiNbTaMoZr-based high-entropy alloy (HEA) has been developed by a powder metallurgy route, which consists of a process of combined one-step low-temperature mechanical milling starting from the transition metals as raw materials and a subsequent pressureless sintering. In this [...] Read more.
In this work, an equiatomic TiNbTaMoZr-based high-entropy alloy (HEA) has been developed by a powder metallurgy route, which consists of a process of combined one-step low-temperature mechanical milling starting from the transition metals as raw materials and a subsequent pressureless sintering. In this way, the optimized synthesized specimen, after 10 h of milling time, showed two different body-centered cubic (bcc) TiNbTaMoZr alloys, which, after sintering at 1450 °C, 1 h of dwell time and a heating and cooling rate of 5 °C min−1, it remained formed as two bcc TiNbTaMoZr-based HEAs. This material, with micrometric and equiaxed particles, and with homogeneously distributed phases, presented a Young’s modulus that was significantly higher (5.8 GPa) and lower (62.1 GPa) than that of the usual commercially pure (cp) Ti and Ti6Al4V alloy used for bone-replacement implants. It also presented similar values to those of the HEAs developed for the same purpose. These interesting properties would enable this TiNbTaMoZr-based HEA to be used as a potential biomaterial for bulk or porous bone implants with high hardness and low Young´s modulus, thereby preventing the appearance of stress-shielding phenomena. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructural Engineering in Metallic Materials)
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16 pages, 9559 KiB  
Article
Research on the Re-Deformation Characteristics of Hot Stamping of Boron Steel Parts with Tailored Properties
by Ling Kong, Yan Peng and Caiyi Liu
Metals 2020, 10(9), 1136; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/met10091136 - 24 Aug 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2200
Abstract
Traditional hot-stamping products have super-high strength, but their plasticity is usually low and their integrated mechanical properties are not excellent. Functionally graded property structures, a relatively novel configuration with a higher material utilization rate, have increasingly captured the attention of researchers. Hot stamping [...] Read more.
Traditional hot-stamping products have super-high strength, but their plasticity is usually low and their integrated mechanical properties are not excellent. Functionally graded property structures, a relatively novel configuration with a higher material utilization rate, have increasingly captured the attention of researchers. Hot stamping parts with tailored properties display the characteristics of local high strength and high plasticity, which can make up for the limitations of conventional hot stamping and optimize the crash safety performance of vehicles. This new idea provides a means of personalized control in the hot-stamping process. In this paper, a new strategy of local induction heating and press hardening was used for the hot stamping of boron steel parts with tailored properties, of which the microstructure from the hard zone to the soft zone shows a gradient distribution consisting of a martensite phase, multiphase and initial phase, with the hardness ranging from 550 HV to 180 HV. The re-deformation characteristics of hot stamping parts with tailored properties have been studied through the uniaxial tensile test, in cooperation with digital image correlation (DIC) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) techniques. The experiments show that there are easily observable strain distribution characteristics in the re-deformation of hot stamping parts with tailored properties. In the process of tensile deformation, the initial phase zone takes the role of deformation and energy absorption, with the maximum strain before necking reaching 0.32. The local misorientation of this zone was high, and a large number of low angle grain boundaries were formed, while the proportion of small angle grain boundaries increased from 13.5% to 63.3%, and the average grain size decreased from 8.15 μm to 3.43 μm. Meanwhile, the martensite zone takes on the role of anti-collision protection, with a maximum strain of only 0.006, and its local misorientation is mostly unchanged. The re-deformation experimental results show that the hot stamping of boron steel parts with tailored properties meets the functional requirements of a hard zone for anti-collision and a soft zone for energy absorption, suitable for automobile safety parts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructural Engineering in Metallic Materials)
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12 pages, 10763 KiB  
Article
Effect of Current Input Method on A356 Microstructure in Electromagnetically Stirred Process
by Joong Suk Roh, Min Heo, Chul Kyu Jin, Jin Ha Park and Chung Gill Kang
Metals 2020, 10(4), 460; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/met10040460 - 2 Apr 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2057
Abstract
This paper focuses on the electromagnetically stirred process for manufacturing the material required for the semi-solid forming method. The maximum weight of the molten metal used at a laboratory scale in the currently published research is 3 kg. However, a large-scale electromagnetic device [...] Read more.
This paper focuses on the electromagnetically stirred process for manufacturing the material required for the semi-solid forming method. The maximum weight of the molten metal used at a laboratory scale in the currently published research is 3 kg. However, a large-scale electromagnetic device is needed when using a material with a maximum weight of 5 kg or more of the molten metal used in the actual industry. Therefore, controllers in this study are installed at each pole in the electromagnetic stirrer, which has six poles in order to stir materials weighing 5 kg or more. The current is input to the adjacent pole counterclockwise (CAMP), and to the symmetrical poles counterclockwise (CSMP). The experiment results show that the current method input to the CSMP can generate the highest electromagnetic force at the center of molten metal. A phase analysis is performed for the size and the roundness of primary α-Al particle from the material prepared by different input currents. The degree of roundness of primary α-Al particles is better when the current is input to the symmetrical poles counterclockwise. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructural Engineering in Metallic Materials)
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