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Metals
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Microstructure/Property Relationship in Metallic Powder Metallurgy
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Microstructure/Property Relationship in Metallic Powder Metallurgy

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Powder Metallurgy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2022) | Viewed by 8342

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Robert Bidulský

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Bodva Industry and Innovation Cluster, Budulov 174, 04501 Moldava nad Bodvou, Slovakia
Interests: metal forming technology and processes; powder metallurgy; additive manufacturing; lightweight materials; soft magnetic materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jana Bidulská

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Recycling, Technical University of Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
Interests: powder metallurgy; metal forming; ECAP; ECAR; additive manufacturing; metal and alloys; light-weight materials; soft magnetic materials; microstructure; porosity; mechanical properties
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Powder metallurgy (PM) is a continually and rapidly advancing technology including most metal and alloys. PM is a highly developed method of manufacturing reliable ferrous and non-ferrous parts with a homogeneous structure. The PM process enables manufacturers to make products that are more consistent and predictable in their behavior across a wide range of applications. Additionally, the PM process has a high degree of flexibility, allowing the tailoring of the physical characteristics of parts to suit specific property and performance requirements.

This Special Issue seeks to provide a selection of original research focused on the microstructure/property relationship in metallic parts obtained by various PM routes. Papers dealing with new microstructures and specific properties of metal powders are also welcome, especially:

- Microstructure phenomena: porosity evaluation, microstructure variety, etc.;

- Press-and-sinter;

- Unconventional sintering processes;

- Unconventional PM processes;

- Post processing of PM;

- New PM materials and applications;

- Mechanical properties: fatigue, wear, plasticity mechanisms;

- Unconventional applications of PM products.

Prof. Dr. Robert Bidulský
Dr. Jana Bidulská
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • powder metallurgy
  • metal forming
  • additive manufacturing
  • metals and alloys
  • lightweight materials
  • microstructure
  • porosity
  • mechanical properties

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 5349 KiB  
Article
Effect of the Hot Deformation Conditions on Structure and Mechanical Properties of AlCr/AlCrSi Powder Composites
by Elena N. Korosteleva, Gennady A. Pribytkov and Victoria V. Korzhova
Metals 2021, 11(11), 1853; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/met11111853 - 18 Nov 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1404
Abstract
Aluminum matrix composites usually contain strengthening particles of refractory compounds (SiC, Al2O3) that do not react with the Al matrix. There is a problem in producing the Al matrix composite with inclusion of metals that can generate intermetallic compounds [...] Read more.
Aluminum matrix composites usually contain strengthening particles of refractory compounds (SiC, Al2O3) that do not react with the Al matrix. There is a problem in producing the Al matrix composite with inclusion of metals that can generate intermetallic compounds with aluminum. In this case, a conventional sintering of powder mixtures results in high porosity due to volume growth. That is why some new methods of producing dense Al matrix composites are required. A possibility to create a dense powder Al-based composite containing hard components, such as chromium and silicon, without using the sintering process, is considered. This paper presents study results of structural and mechanical properties of Al-Cr and Al-Cr-Si composites produced by hot compaction of powder mixtures. An analysis of the relationship between mechanical properties and structures of Al-Cr and Al-Cr-Si composites is carried out. Optimal values for thermomechanical processing modes that ensure sufficient strength and plasticity are determined. It is shown that strong bonding of the aluminum particles occurs under hot deformation, and an aluminum matrix is formed that provides acceptable composite bending strength as a result. The presence of chromium and silicon hard inclusions is not a significant obstacle for aluminum plastic flow. Al-Cr and Al-Cr-Si composites produced by hot deformation of the powder mixtures can be used as cathode material for the deposition of wear-resistant nitride coatings on metalworking tools. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure/Property Relationship in Metallic Powder Metallurgy)
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15 pages, 4000 KiB  
Article
A Kinetic Study on the Reduction of Single Magnetite Particle with Melting Products at High Temperature Based on Visual and Surface Analytical Techniques
by Zhongjie Shen, Shuang Sun, Yulong Zhu, Dong Han, Zhan Du and Haifeng Liu
Metals 2021, 11(8), 1268; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/met11081268 - 11 Aug 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1429
Abstract
In this study, the reduction characteristics of single magnetite particles with melting products at high temperature were investigated by using visualization and surface analytical techniques. The morphology evolution, product type, reduction degree, and reduction rate of single magnetite particles during the reduction process [...] Read more.
In this study, the reduction characteristics of single magnetite particles with melting products at high temperature were investigated by using visualization and surface analytical techniques. The morphology evolution, product type, reduction degree, and reduction rate of single magnetite particles during the reduction process were analyzed and compared at different reduction temperatures. The results showed that the morphology of the product formed at the reduction temperature of 1300 °C was a mainly nodular structure. When the reduction temperature was above 1400 °C, the products were melted to liquid and flowed out of the particle to form a layered structure. The morphology of the melted products finally transformed to be root-like in structure on the plate around the unmelted core. Raman spectroscopy was used to determine the product types during the reduction process. Experiments studying the effects of gas flowrate and particle size on the reduction degree were carried out, and the results showed that both increasing the temperature and gas flowrate can increase the reduction degree. The internal/external diffusion influence can be ignored with a particle size smaller than 100 μm and a gas flowrate more than 200 mL/min. However, owing to the resistance of the melted products to gas diffusion, the reduction rates at 1400 and 1500 °C were reduced significantly when the reduction degree increased from 0.5 to 1.0. Conversely, the formation of the liquid enlarged the contact area of the reducing gas and solid–liquid and further increased the reduction degree. The kinetics parameters, including average activation energy and pre-exponential factor, were calculated from the experimental data. The reduction kinetics equation of the single magnetite particle, considering the effect of melted products is also given in this study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure/Property Relationship in Metallic Powder Metallurgy)
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12 pages, 3375 KiB  
Article
Fixed and Variable Temperature Super-Solidus Liquid Phase Sintering of High Chromium Cast Iron with 25 Wt.%CR and Its Microstructure
by Jinghong Gu, Pingan Xiao, Simin Gu, Rong Lv, Jikang Zhao and Siyuan Zhong
Metals 2021, 11(5), 785; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/met11050785 - 12 May 2021
Viewed by 2011
Abstract
A variable temperature super-solidus liquid phase sintering (SLPS) technique is employed in fabrication of high chromium cast iron (HCCI) with 25wt.%Cr to extend its sintering temperature window. Its microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and abrasive wear behavior are investigated systemically. The results indicate that [...] Read more.
A variable temperature super-solidus liquid phase sintering (SLPS) technique is employed in fabrication of high chromium cast iron (HCCI) with 25wt.%Cr to extend its sintering temperature window. Its microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and abrasive wear behavior are investigated systemically. The results indicate that the variable temperature SLPS can obtain samples with full density plus fine and uniformly distributed carbide particles, and its carbide volume fraction is increased by 4~5% in comparison with the fixed temperature SLPSed one. Meanwhile, its bending strength and impact toughness can be raised by 8.0% and 16.7%, respectively. Finally, the sintering temperature window for variable temperature SLPS of HCCI is extended by 12 °C, reaching 27 °C. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure/Property Relationship in Metallic Powder Metallurgy)
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15 pages, 14317 KiB  
Article
Innovative Densification Process of a Fe-Cr-C Powder Metallurgy Steel
by Federico Simone Gobber, Jana Bidulská, Alessandro Fais, Róbert Bidulský and Marco Actis Grande
Metals 2021, 11(4), 665; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/met11040665 - 19 Apr 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2470
Abstract
In this study, the efficacy of an innovative ultra-fast sintering technique called electro-sinter-forging (ESF) was evaluated in the densification of Fe-Cr-C steel. Although ESF proved to be effective in densifying several different metallic materials and composites, it has not yet been applied to [...] Read more.
In this study, the efficacy of an innovative ultra-fast sintering technique called electro-sinter-forging (ESF) was evaluated in the densification of Fe-Cr-C steel. Although ESF proved to be effective in densifying several different metallic materials and composites, it has not yet been applied to powder metallurgy Fe-Cr-C steels. Pre-alloyed Astaloy CrM powders have been ad-mixed with either graphite or graphene and then processed by ESF. By properly tuning the process parameters, final densities higher than 99% were obtained. Mechanical properties such as hardness and transverse rupture strength (TRS) were tested on samples produced by employing different process parameters and then submitted to different post-treatments (machining, heat treatment). A final transverse rupture strength up to 1340 ± 147 MPa was achieved after heat treatment, corresponding to a hardness of 852 ± 41 HV. The experimental characterization highlighted that porosity is the main factor affecting the samples’ mechanical resistance, correlating linearly with the transverse rupture strength. Conversely, it is not possible to establish a similar interdependency between hardness and mechanical resistance, since porosity has a higher effect on the final properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure/Property Relationship in Metallic Powder Metallurgy)
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