Titanium Alloys: Microstructure, Deformation and Mechanical Properties

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metal Casting, Forming and Heat Treatment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 6104

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
Interests: deformation mechanism; constitutive model; diffusion behavior; superalloy; titanium alloy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Thanks to the good features in titanium alloys, such as high specific strength, good high-temperature mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, they have been considered as advanced metallic materials and have been applied in many areas including aerospace, transportation, power generation and chemical industry. A large variety of microstructures, including lamellar, martensite, equiaxed globular and bimodal microstructures have been studied in titanium alloys depending on the thermomechanical processing routes, however, detailed studies of their microstructure, deformation and mechanical behaviors are still necessary because of increasing demands for optimizing their properties for different applications by varying processing parameters and resulting microstructures.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to collect works related, but not limited, to the following topics, reviews and original articles, and computer simulations of their mechanical behavior under different loading conditions are also welcomed.

  • Processing Maps Theory
    • Deformation behavior and mechanism of titanium alloys;
    • Dynamic recrystallization mechanisms and microstructure evolution;
    • Novel processing maps for titanium alloys.
  • Model and Numerical Simulation
    • Quantitative assessment of microstructure variable;
    • Microstructure model and constitutive equation based on internal state variable;
    • Microstructure model and constitutive equation based on fuzzy neural network;
    • 3D finite element simulation in blade forging of titanium alloys.

Prof. Dr. Jiao Luo
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • microstructure evolution
  • constitutive model
  • mechanical properties
  • quantitative analysis

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 39992 KiB  
Article
Effects of HIP Process Parameters on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Fabricated by SLM
by Zhoujin Lv, Haofeng Li, Lida Che, Shuo Chen, Pengjie Zhang, Jing He, Zhanfang Wu, Shanting Niu and Xiangyang Li
Metals 2023, 13(5), 991; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/met13050991 - 20 May 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2024
Abstract
Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy products formed by selective laser melting (SLM) are characterized by high strength and low plasticity. In addition, there may be pores inside the material, which may become a fracture sprouting point and accelerate the failure of the parts. Using an [...] Read more.
Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy products formed by selective laser melting (SLM) are characterized by high strength and low plasticity. In addition, there may be pores inside the material, which may become a fracture sprouting point and accelerate the failure of the parts. Using an optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and electronic universal testing machine, the effects of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) parameters on the microstructure and tensile property of SLM-formed Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy were investigated. The results show that HIP performed below the β-phase transition temperature, and the structure of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy is composed of an α phase and β phase. With the increase in the HIP temperature, the α lath coarsens into a short rod, the content of the β phase increases and coarsens, and the tensile strength and yield strength of Ti-6Al-4V show a decreasing trend. With an HIP process performed at a temperature of 910 °C and pressure of 130 MPa for 2 h, the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy obtains the best matching of strength and plasticity. Full article
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17 pages, 12181 KiB  
Article
Hot Workability and Microstructural Evolution of Ti-5.5Al-5Mo-5V-2Nb-1Fe-1Zr Titanium Alloy Based on the Different Phase Zones during Plastic Deformation at High Temperatures
by Yushe Gao, Xianghong Liu, Haisheng Chen, Xiangyi Xue, Huixian Gao, Wenzhong Luo, Kaixuan Wang, Shaoqiang Li and Yuxuan Du
Metals 2023, 13(1), 92; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/met13010092 - 1 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1157
Abstract
Hot workability and microstructural evolution of Ti-5.5Al-5Mo-5V-2Nb-1Fe-1Zr titanium alloy, which is also called Ti555211 titanium alloy, are investigated during compressive deformation at different temperatures and strain rates. It can be found that Ti555211 samples deformed at 750 and 850 °C comprised α and [...] Read more.
Hot workability and microstructural evolution of Ti-5.5Al-5Mo-5V-2Nb-1Fe-1Zr titanium alloy, which is also called Ti555211 titanium alloy, are investigated during compressive deformation at different temperatures and strain rates. It can be found that Ti555211 samples deformed at 750 and 850 °C comprised α and β phases, while Ti555211 samples deformed at 950 and 1050 °C consist of single β phase. When Ti555211 sample undergoes compressive deformation in the α + β phase region, microstructures of β phase vary more substantially than those of α phase, which means that plastic deformation of Ti555211 sample is governed by β phase. The process parameters are optimized by establishing processing maps based on dynamic material model. Ti555211 alloy generally possesses the better hot workability in the β phase zone. In the β phase zone of Ti555211 alloy, the best hot process area involves temperature range from 925 to 1025 °C and a strain rate range of 0.005 to 0.03 s−1. Full article
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13 pages, 5526 KiB  
Article
Effect of Direct Rolling Process on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Electron Beam Cold Hearth Melting Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
by Haoze Zhang, Jianhong Yi, Junsheng Wang, Han Xiao, Meng Wang and Wei Wang
Metals 2022, 12(12), 2018; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/met12122018 - 25 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1012
Abstract
Titanium alloy is a key supporting material in the field of engineering technology and high-tech, and also an extremely important national defense strategic metal material. However, the high cost limits its wider application. Direct rolling of titanium alloy melted by electron beam cold [...] Read more.
Titanium alloy is a key supporting material in the field of engineering technology and high-tech, and also an extremely important national defense strategic metal material. However, the high cost limits its wider application. Direct rolling of titanium alloy melted by electron beam cold hearth melting (EBCHM) technology is considered to be an important low-cost plate production process. The rolling process has a considerable influence on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy. Therefore, Ti-6Al-4V alloy melted by EBCHM technology was investigated in this study. The effects of different rolling processes on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of titanium alloy plates were evaluated. The results show that with the increase of deformation amount and rolling temperature, the more obvious the disintegration of lamella α and the higher the degree of equiaxation when the deformation is below the β transus. However, only dynamic recovery occurs when rolling temperature above the β transus, and lamella α does not undergo disintegration and equiaxation. With ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 1076 MPa and elongation (EI) of 11%, the plate with 90% deformation at 950 °C has good strength and plasticity. Full article
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17 pages, 10390 KiB  
Article
Investigation of High-Temperature Constitutive Behavior of Ti555211 Titanium Alloy Subjected to Plastic Deformation in the Different Phase Regions
by Yushe Gao, Xiangyi Xue, Huixian Gao, Wenzhong Luo, Kaixuan Wang, Shaoqiang Li, Xianghong Liu and Yuxuan Du
Metals 2022, 12(10), 1562; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/met12101562 - 21 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1227
Abstract
Ti555211 titanium alloy is subjected to plastic deformation in the dual-phase (α + β phase) zone and single-phase (β phase) zone at various deformation temperatures and strain rates. High-temperature constitutive equations of the alloy in the dual-phase zone and single-phase zone are established [...] Read more.
Ti555211 titanium alloy is subjected to plastic deformation in the dual-phase (α + β phase) zone and single-phase (β phase) zone at various deformation temperatures and strain rates. High-temperature constitutive equations of the alloy in the dual-phase zone and single-phase zone are established in order to describe deformation behavior of the alloy in the different phase zones. By comparing the constitutive equation of the alloy in the dual-phase zone with that of the alloy in the single-phase zone, the deformation activation energy of the former was found to be higher than that of the latter. It is obvious that the deformation activation energy of α phase is obviously greater than that of β phase. Furthermore, the microstructural evolution of the alloy is different in the dual-phase zone and single-phase zone. When the alloy was subjected to plastic deformation in the dual-phase zone, the size of the grains in the β phase increased with the decreasing strain rate. When the alloy was subjected to plastic deformation in the single-phase zone, the size of the grains in the β phase considerably increased with the increasing deformation temperature. In particular, in the microstructures of the alloy subjected to plastic deformation in the single-phase region, the elongated grains can be observed at higher strain rates. Furthermore, it is more difficult for the alloy to induce plastic deformation in the dual-phase region than in the single-phase region. Full article
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