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Micromachines
Special Issues
Hybrid Organic Electronics: Material, Structure and Application
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Hybrid Organic Electronics: Material, Structure and Application

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "E：Engineering and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (11 June 2022) | Viewed by 14447

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Eun Kwang Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University (PKNU), Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
Interests: organic electronics; molecular electronics; organic field-effect transistors; carbon nanomaterials; 2D transition dichalcogenides; surface modification; nature-inspired electronics; organic solar cells; sensors; biomedical devices
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

In order to fabricate electronic devices at a lower cost, a paradigm of the manufacturing system has been changing as the demand for new production technologies and unprecedented smart functions that were not realized in current electronic devices increases. Amid this paradigm shifting, the market size of the next-generation electronic device industry, such as radio frequency identification (RFID), organic light emitting diode (OLED), organic display, organic solar cell, organic field effect transistor and organic memory device, which are all based on organic material, is gradually expanding. Such organic electronic devices can be fabricated without the high vacuum equipment used in conventional semiconductor processes. For example, flexible organic electronic devices can be manufactured inexpensively on a large area, using solution-based techniques such as screen printing, gravure printing, and inkjet printing technologies. However, organic electronic materials are inherently lacking in electrical performance to compete with those of silicon-based or inorganic-based electronic materials. More importantly, it is urgent to develop technologies and organic electronic materials for obtaining uniform and consistent device performance under any circumstance. In order to overcome these obstacles to organic electronics, a lot of fundamental research to explore the interplay of organic materials with non-organic materials has been carried out. A handful of investigations in terms of hybrid organic electronic devices and materials using inorganic, carbon-based, and low-dimensional materials have been demonstrated. Through this, many technologies have been reported to improve the physical, chemical, electronic, mechanical, and morphological properties of organic electronics. Accordingly, this Special Issue will comprehensively introduce research papers and review papers from the viewpoint of hybrid organic electronic device technology and materials.

Dr. Eun Kwang Lee
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • organic electronics
  • fabrication
  • organic field effect transistors
  • organic light emitting diode
  • organic photovoltaics
  • organic memory
  • sensors
  • dimension-mixed materials
  • organic-inorganic electronic materials
  • material modifications

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 3763 KiB  
Article
Controlling the Emission Spectrum of Binary Emitting Polymer Hybrids by a Systematic Doping Strategy via Förster Resonance Energy Transfer for White Emission
by Bandar Ali Al-Asbahi, Mohamad S. AlSalhi, Amanullah Fatehmulla, Mohammad Hafizuddin Hj. Jumali, Saif M. H. Qaid, Wafa Musa Mujamammi and Hamid M. Ghaithan
Micromachines 2021, 12(11), 1371; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/mi12111371 - 08 Nov 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1497
Abstract
Tuning the emission spectrum of both binary hybrids of poly (9,9′-di-n-octylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFO) with each poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) and poly[2-methoxy-5-(3,7-dimethyl-octyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] end-capped with Dimethyl phenyl (MDMO-PPV–DMP) by a systematic doping strategy was achieved. Both binary hybrid thin films of PFO/MEH-PPV and PFO/MDMO-PPV–DMP with various weight ratios [...] Read more.
Tuning the emission spectrum of both binary hybrids of poly (9,9′-di-n-octylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFO) with each poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) and poly[2-methoxy-5-(3,7-dimethyl-octyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] end-capped with Dimethyl phenyl (MDMO-PPV–DMP) by a systematic doping strategy was achieved. Both binary hybrid thin films of PFO/MEH-PPV and PFO/MDMO-PPV–DMP with various weight ratios were prepared via solution blending method prior to spin coating onto the glass substrates. The conjugation length of the PFO was tuned upon addition of acceptors (MEH-PPV or MDMO-PPV–DMP), as proved from shifting the emission and absorption peaks of the binary hybrids toward the acceptor in addition to enhancing the acceptor emission and reducing the absorbance of the PFO. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is more efficient in the binary hybrid of PFO/MDMO-PPV–DMP than in the PFO/MEH-PPV. The efficient FRET in both hybrid thin films played the major role for controlling their emission and producing white emission from optimum ratio of both binary hybrids. Moreover, the tuning of the emission color can be attributed to the cascade of energy transfer from PFO to MEH-PPV, and then to MDMO-PPV–DMP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hybrid Organic Electronics: Material, Structure and Application)
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8 pages, 2459 KiB  
Article
Dielectric Engineering to Suppress Cell-to-Cell Programming Voltage Interference in 3D NAND Flash Memory
by Woo-Jin Jung and Jun-Young Park
Micromachines 2021, 12(11), 1297; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/mi12111297 - 22 Oct 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2933
Abstract
In contrast to conventional 2-dimensional (2D) NAND flash memory, in 3D NAND flash memory, cell-to-cell interference stemming from parasitic capacitance between the word-lines (WLs) is difficult to control because the number of WLs, achieved for better packing density, have been dramatically increased under [...] Read more.
In contrast to conventional 2-dimensional (2D) NAND flash memory, in 3D NAND flash memory, cell-to-cell interference stemming from parasitic capacitance between the word-lines (WLs) is difficult to control because the number of WLs, achieved for better packing density, have been dramatically increased under limited height of NAND string. In this context, finding a novel approach based on dielectric engineering seems timely and applicable. This paper covers the voltage interference characteristics in 3D NAND with respect to dielectrics, then proposes an alternative cell structure to suppress such interference. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hybrid Organic Electronics: Material, Structure and Application)
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11 pages, 2266 KiB  
Article
Transparent and Flexible Vibration Sensor Based on a Wheel-Shaped Hybrid Thin Membrane
by Siyoung Lee, Eun Kwang Lee, Eunho Lee and Geun Yeol Bae
Micromachines 2021, 12(10), 1246; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/mi12101246 - 14 Oct 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2454
Abstract
With the advent of human–machine interaction and the Internet of Things, wearable and flexible vibration sensors have been developed to detect human voices and surrounding vibrations transmitted to humans. However, previous wearable vibration sensors have limitations in the sensing performance, such as frequency [...] Read more.
With the advent of human–machine interaction and the Internet of Things, wearable and flexible vibration sensors have been developed to detect human voices and surrounding vibrations transmitted to humans. However, previous wearable vibration sensors have limitations in the sensing performance, such as frequency response, linearity of sensitivity, and esthetics. In this study, a transparent and flexible vibration sensor was developed by incorporating organic/inorganic hybrid materials into ultrathin membranes. The sensor exhibited a linear and high sensitivity (20 mV/g) and a flat frequency response (80–3000 Hz), which are attributed to the wheel-shaped capacitive diaphragm structure fabricated by exploiting the high processability and low stiffness of the organic material SU-8 and the high conductivity of the inorganic material ITO. The sensor also has sufficient esthetics as a wearable device because of the high transparency of SU-8 and ITO. In addition, the temperature of the post-annealing process after ITO sputtering was optimized for the high transparency and conductivity. The fabricated sensor showed significant potential for use in transparent healthcare devices to monitor the vibrations transmitted from hand-held vibration tools and in a skin-attachable vocal sensor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hybrid Organic Electronics: Material, Structure and Application)
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8 pages, 3153 KiB  
Article
Gateless and Capacitorless Germanium Biristor with a Vertical Pillar Structure
by Hagyoul Bae, Geon-Beom Lee, Jae Hur, Jun-Young Park, Da-Jin Kim, Myung-Su Kim and Yang-Kyu Choi
Micromachines 2021, 12(8), 899; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/mi12080899 - 29 Jul 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2300
Abstract
For the first time, a novel germanium (Ge) bi-stable resistor (biristor) with a vertical pillar structure was implemented on a bulk substrate. The basic structure of the Ge pillar-typed biristor is a p-n-p bipolar junction transistor (BJT) with an open base (floating), which [...] Read more.
For the first time, a novel germanium (Ge) bi-stable resistor (biristor) with a vertical pillar structure was implemented on a bulk substrate. The basic structure of the Ge pillar-typed biristor is a p-n-p bipolar junction transistor (BJT) with an open base (floating), which is equivalent to a gateless p-channel metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET). In the pillar formation, we adopted an amorphous carbon layer to protect the Ge surface from both physical and chemical damage by subsequent processes. A hysteric current-voltage (I-V) characteristic, which results in a sustainable binary state, i.e., high current and low current at the same voltage, can be utilized for a memory device. A lower operating voltage with high current was achieved, compared to a Si biristor, due to the low energy bandgap of pure Ge. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hybrid Organic Electronics: Material, Structure and Application)
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Review

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25 pages, 5499 KiB  
Review
Recent Progress in Development and Applications of Ionic Polymer–Metal Composite
by Si Won Park, Sang Jun Kim, Seong Hyun Park, Juyeon Lee, Hyungjun Kim and Min Ku Kim
Micromachines 2022, 13(8), 1290; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/mi13081290 - 11 Aug 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3641
Abstract
Electroactive polymer (EAP) is a polymer that reacts to electrical stimuli, such as voltage, and can be divided into electronic and ionic EAP by an electrical energy transfer mechanism within the polymer. The mechanism of ionic EAP is the movement of the positive [...] Read more.
Electroactive polymer (EAP) is a polymer that reacts to electrical stimuli, such as voltage, and can be divided into electronic and ionic EAP by an electrical energy transfer mechanism within the polymer. The mechanism of ionic EAP is the movement of the positive ions inducing voltage change in the polymer membrane. Among the ionic EAPs, an ionic polymer–metal composite (IPMC) is composed of a metal electrode on the surface of the polymer membrane. A common material for the polymer membrane of IPMC is Nafion containing hydrogen ions, and platinum, gold, and silver are commonly used for the electrode. As a result, IPMC has advantages, such as low voltage requirements, large bending displacement, and bidirectional actuation. Manufacturing of IPMC is composed of preparing the polymer membrane and plating electrode. Preparation methods for the membrane include solution casting, hot pressing, and 3D printing. Meanwhile, electrode formation methods include electroless plating, electroplating, direct assembly process, and sputtering deposition. The manufactured IPMC is widely demonstrated in applications such as grippers, micro-pumps, biomedical, biomimetics, bending sensors, flow sensors, energy harvesters, biosensors, and humidity sensors. This paper will review the overall field of IPMC by demonstrating the categorization, principle, materials, and manufacturing method of IPMC and its applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hybrid Organic Electronics: Material, Structure and Application)
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