Micromachines for Neurological Research

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 3068

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1, UK
Interests: organ on chip; neurovascular unit; micro-physiological systems; blood brain barrier; stroke; microfluidics

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Guest Editor
Centre for Microsystems and Photonics, EEE Department, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XW, UK
Interests: microfludics; organ-on-a-chip; in vitro models; drug screening
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is our pleasure to announce a forthcoming Special Issue of Micromachines, entitled “Micromachines for neurological research”.

Over the past few decades microfluidic systems, microfabrication techniques and microelectronics have synergistically advanced the possibilities to study, mimic and probe the central nervous system and, even today, they are continuing to expand the frontiers of neuroscience.

Advanced cell culture systems enabled by microfluidic topologies have provided precise control of flows and the chemical microenvironment to manipulate and guide the growth of heterogeneous cell populations. This has enabled in vitro mimetics of functional units of the brain from blood brain barrier models, to in vitro neuronal circuits. Microfluidic point of care diagnostics and paper microfluidics show potential for faster, cheaper diagnosis and monitoring of neurological disease such as Alzheimer’s disease in low income countries. Advances in micro-electrode arrays have allowed for enhanced spatial and temporal resolution of neuronal recording both in vitro and in vivo. Developments in materials sciences are now paving the way for transparent and flexible electrodes to extend the potential for integrated recording of trans-endothelial resistance and barrier properties in blood brain barrier models, along with the stimulation and recording of neuronal activity in complex 3D microenvironments.

From “Organ on Chip” CNS models to brain-computer interfaces, micro-machines are rapidly advancing our understanding of the central nervous system, providing new possibilities and insights into the workings of the brain, increasing throughput and relevance of drug discovery and providing patho-mechanistic insights into neurological disease.

This Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers, protocols, short communications, and review articles that focus on the application and development of microfluidic systems, micro-electronics and micro-machines for neurobiological research.

We are looking forward to receiving your submissions.

Dr. Paul Holloway
Dr. Michele Zagnoni
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Microfluidics
  • Micro-physiological systems
  • MPS
  • Neuronal circuits
  • Organ on chip models
  • CNS
  • Electrophysiology
  • Microelectrode arrays
  • Neurology
  • Neuronal networks
  • Neuroprobes
  • Neuro-sensors
  • Neuroengineering
  • Blood brain barrier
  • BBB
  • Neurovascular unit
  • Brain organoids
  • Neurobiology
  • Neurological disease

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

9 pages, 1698 KiB  
Communication
Characterization of Active Electrode Yield for Intracortical Arrays: Awake versus Anesthesia
by Brandon Sturgill, Rahul Radhakrishna, Teresa Thuc Doan Thai, Sourav S. Patnaik, Jeffrey R. Capadona and Joseph J. Pancrazio
Micromachines 2022, 13(3), 480; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/mi13030480 - 20 Mar 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2472
Abstract
Intracortical microelectrode arrays are used for recording neural signals at single-unit resolution and are promising tools for studying brain function and developing neuroprosthetics. Research is being done to increase the chronic performance and reliability of these probes, which tend to decrease or fail [...] Read more.
Intracortical microelectrode arrays are used for recording neural signals at single-unit resolution and are promising tools for studying brain function and developing neuroprosthetics. Research is being done to increase the chronic performance and reliability of these probes, which tend to decrease or fail within several months of implantation. Although recording paradigms vary, studies focused on assessing the reliability and performance of these devices often perform recordings under anesthesia. However, anesthetics—such as isoflurane—are known to alter neural activity and electrophysiologic function. Therefore, we compared the neural recording performance under anesthesia (2% isoflurane) followed by awake conditions for probes implanted in the motor cortex of both male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. While the single-unit spike rate was significantly higher by almost 600% under awake compared to anesthetized conditions, we found no difference in the active electrode yield between the two conditions two weeks after surgery. Additionally, the signal-to-noise ratio was greater under anesthesia due to the noise levels being nearly 50% greater in awake recordings, even though there was a 14% increase in the peak-to-peak voltage of distinguished single units when awake. We observe that these findings are similar for chronic time points as well. Our observations indicate that either anesthetized or awake recordings are acceptable for studies assessing the chronic reliability and performance of intracortical microelectrode arrays. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micromachines for Neurological Research)
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