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Microorganisms
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection: Control & Treatment 2.0
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection: Control & Treatment 2.0

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Public Health Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 6557

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Elena G. Salina

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
Interests: mycobacteria dormancy and resuscitation; TB drug discovery; small non-coding RNA; transcriptomics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is a continuation of our previous Special Issue “Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection: Control & Treatment”.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, claiming the lives of more than 1.5 million people per year, and the growing number of multidrug-resistant TB strains constitutes a major health threat. Moreover, Mycobacterium tuberculosis has developed a plethora of molecular mechanisms providing successful escape from host immunity by expressing specific factors and regulators which contribute to the progression of the disease. An additional challenge concerns latent TB—about 1.7 billion people are latently infected with M. tuberculosis, with a lifetime risk of developing the active disease. Thus, improvement of vaccines and diagnostic testing, as well as continued drug discovery for active and latent TB, are critical to address the global health need, especially in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic when the burden on the healthcare system is very high.

We look forward to receiving your contributions to this Special Issue which concern any aspects of arising challenges and future perspectives on TB control and treatment.

Dr. Elena G. Salina
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 199 KiB  
Editorial
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection: Control and Treatment
by Elena G. Salina
Microorganisms 2023, 11(4), 1057; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms11041057 - 18 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1350
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the second leading infectious killer after COVID-19, causing 10 million new cases and claiming the lives of more than 1 [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection: Control & Treatment 2.0)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

9 pages, 909 KiB  
Article
Rapid Identification of Lineage and Drug Resistance in Clinical Samples of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
by Jéssica Comín, Jesús Viñuelas, Carmen Lafoz, Alberto Cebollada, Daniel Ibarz, María-José Iglesias and Sofía Samper
Microorganisms 2023, 11(6), 1467; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms11061467 - 31 May 2023
Viewed by 1358
Abstract
Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a slow-growing bacterium, which could delay its diagnosis and, therefore, promote the spread of the disease. Whole-genome sequencing allows us to obtain the complete drug-resistance profile of the strain; however, bacterial cultivation of clinical samples, along with complex processing, [...] Read more.
Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a slow-growing bacterium, which could delay its diagnosis and, therefore, promote the spread of the disease. Whole-genome sequencing allows us to obtain the complete drug-resistance profile of the strain; however, bacterial cultivation of clinical samples, along with complex processing, is required. Methods: In this work, we explore AmpliSeq, an amplicon-based enrichment method for preparing libraries for targeted next-generation sequencing, to identify lineage and drug resistance directly from clinical samples. Results: In our study, 111 clinical samples were tested. The lineage was identified in 100% of the culture-derived samples (52/52), in 95% of the smear (BK)-positive clinical samples (38/40) and in 42.1% of the BK-negative clinical samples (8/19). The drug-resistance profile was accurately identified in all but 11 samples, in which some phenotypic and genotypic discrepancies were found. In this respect, our panels were not exact in the detection of streptomycin resistance for isolates derived from clinical samples, as an extremely high number of SNPs in the rrs and rrl genes were detected due to cross-contamination. Conclusion: This technique has demonstrated high sensitivity in obtaining the drug-resistance profile of the isolates, as even those samples with DNA concentrations below the detection limit of Qubit produced a result. AmpliSeq technology is cheaper than whole-genome sequencing, easy to perform by laboratory technicians and applicable to any microorganism using the Ion Torrent platform. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection: Control & Treatment 2.0)
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10 pages, 382 KiB  
Article
Burden of Pulmonary Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis in Kajiado, Kenya: An Observational Study
by Paolo Cattaneo, Caleb Mike Mulongo, Gianfranco Morino, Maria Vittoria De Vita, Gabriele Paone, Simone Scarlata, Salome Kinyita, Hillary Odhiambo, Cristina Mazzi, Federico Gobbi and Dora Buonfrate
Microorganisms 2023, 11(5), 1280; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms11051280 - 13 May 2023
Viewed by 1161
Abstract
Background: Rifampicin resistance (RR) is a major challenge in the clinical management of tuberculosis (TB), but data on its prevalence are still sparse in many countries. Our study aimed at estimating the prevalence of RR-TB in Kajiado County, Kenya. Secondary objectives were to [...] Read more.
Background: Rifampicin resistance (RR) is a major challenge in the clinical management of tuberculosis (TB), but data on its prevalence are still sparse in many countries. Our study aimed at estimating the prevalence of RR-TB in Kajiado County, Kenya. Secondary objectives were to estimate the incidence of pulmonary TB in adults and the rate of HIV-TB coinfection. Methods: We conducted an observational study in the context of the ATI-TB Project, carried out in Kajiado. The project was based on an active-case-finding campaign implemented with the aid of village chiefs, traditional healers and community health volunteers. Diagnosis relied on Xpert MTB/RIF, including a mobile machine that could be used to cover areas where testing would otherwise be difficult. Results: In sum, 3840 adults were screened for active TB during the campaign. RR cases among all TB diagnoses were 4.6%. The annual incidence of pulmonary TB among adults was 521 cases per 100,000 population. The rate of HIV coinfection was 22.2% among pulmonary TB diagnoses. Conclusion: The prevalence of RR-TB was four times that what could be inferred from official notifications in Kajiado, and higher than overall prevalence in Kenya. In addition, our estimate of incidence of pulmonary TB in adults in Kajiado significantly differed from cases notified in the same area. In contrast, the rate of HIV coinfection was in line with national and regional data. TB diagnostic capability must be strengthened in Kajiado to improve patients’ management and public health interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection: Control & Treatment 2.0)
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11 pages, 4924 KiB  
Communication
Experimental Studies of the Liposomal Form of Lytic Mycobacteriophage D29 for the Treatment of Tuberculosis Infection
by Vadim Vadimovich Avdeev, Victor Vladimirovich Kuzin, Mikhail Aleksandrovich Vladimirsky and Irina Anatol’evna Vasilieva
Microorganisms 2023, 11(5), 1214; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms11051214 - 05 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1082
Abstract
We have studied the antimycobacterial efficacy of the liposomal preparation of mycobacteriophage D29 on models of tuberculous granuloma in vitro and in the experiment on laboratory mice of the relatively resistant strain C57BL/6, infected with the virulent strain of M. tuberculosis H37Rv. We [...] Read more.
We have studied the antimycobacterial efficacy of the liposomal preparation of mycobacteriophage D29 on models of tuberculous granuloma in vitro and in the experiment on laboratory mice of the relatively resistant strain C57BL/6, infected with the virulent strain of M. tuberculosis H37Rv. We have shown the preparation of liposomal preparation of the lytic mycobacteriophages and its characteristics. The experiments showed a significant lytic effect of the liposomal form of mycobacteriophage D29 both on the model of tuberculous granuloma formed by human blood mononuclear cells in vitro, which is formed in the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and on the model of tuberculous infection in C57BL/6 mice. Keywords: mycobacteriophage D29, M. tuberculosis, liposomes, tuberculous granuloma in vitro, tuberculosis infection and its treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection: Control & Treatment 2.0)
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