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Microorganisms
Special Issues
Urinary Tract Infections and Antibiotic Resistance
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Urinary Tract Infections and Antibiotic Resistance

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 5015

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Catia Longhi

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Guest Editor
Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Interests: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli; Listeria monocytogenes; intracellular bacteria; antimicrobial resistance; biofilm; host-pathogen interactions; drug delivery systems; natural compounds
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Maria Grazia Ammendolia

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Guest Editor
National Center for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
Interests: microbiology; bacterial and viral infections; host-cell interactions; nanomaterials; nanomaterial risk assessment; innovative antimicrobial drugs; drug delivery; natural antimicrobial compounds
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Carlo Zagaglia

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Guest Editor
Departament of Public Health and Infectious Disease, University Sapienza, Roma, Italy
Interests: bacterial genetics; mobile elements in Gram negative bacteria; uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC); enteroinvasive E.coli (EIEC) and Shigella flexneri; antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes; organoids
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in humans, accounting for high morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and high medical costs. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is responsible of the majority of community- and hospital-acquired UTIs. UPEC are able to invade urinary epithelial cells, where they may replicate and form biofilm-like intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs) protected from host defenses and antibiotic treatment. The occurrence of IBCs in the bladder appears to be associated with an increased risk of recurrent UTIs. Epidemiological characterization and knowledge of the most relevant components of UPEC array of pathogenicity factors together with the major host responses to infection are an evolving field of research. Recent advances in the analysis of microbial communities colonizing the human body have identified a resident microbial community in the human urinary tract. However, the contribution of UPEC pathobiology needs to be clarified. Further investigations into UPEC’s ability to cause infection and its interaction with the urobiome are required. UTIs are becoming increasingly difficult to treat owing to the rapid emergence and worldwide spread of antibiotic resistant UPEC. Future research should be devoted to careful monitoring of the antimicrobial use for UTI treatment. Knowledge of the UPEC drug resistance could help us to understand the pathogenesis of UTIs and direct towards better clinical treatments. Antibiotic resistance is frequently detected among commensal bacteria from animals, raising important questions on the potential impact of antibiotic use in the veterinary field and on a possible transmission of these resistant bacteria to humans, directly or via the food chain. It has been suggested that animals are the alternative reservoirs for UPEC strains that are associated with human UTIs. Genes encoding virulence factors and antibiotic resistance have been described in pathogenic E. coli isolates from animals. The characterization of these strains could be of great interest to develop policies to prevent and control the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms. Shedding light on dynamic events occurring during UTIs could represent a great tool to identify new potential approaches to fight the infection. The development of new innovative strategies designed to fight these dangerous pathogens is highly needed.

Dr. Catia Longhi
Dr. Maria Grazia Ammendolia
Dr. Carlo Zagaglia
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • host–pathogen interactions
  • bacterial persistence
  • urobiome
  • antibiotic resistance
  • E. coli strains from animal sources
  • new treatment strategies

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 3113 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Different Activity of Lactobacillus spp. against Two Proteus mirabilis Isolated Clinical Strains in Different Anatomical Sites In Vitro: An Explorative Study to Improve the Therapeutic Approach
by Alessandra Fusco, Vittoria Savio, Adriana Chiaromonte, Alberto Alfano, Sergio D’Ambrosio, Donatella Cimini and Giovanna Donnarumma
Microorganisms 2023, 11(9), 2201; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms11092201 - 31 Aug 2023
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Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) and catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTIs) are the principal hospital-acquired infections. Between these, bacterial prostatitis is believed to be the leading cause of recurrent UTIs in men under 50 years of age and is often unresponsive to antibiotic treatment. Proteus mirabilis is [...] Read more.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) and catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTIs) are the principal hospital-acquired infections. Between these, bacterial prostatitis is believed to be the leading cause of recurrent UTIs in men under 50 years of age and is often unresponsive to antibiotic treatment. Proteus mirabilis is more commonly associated with UTIs in these abnormalities, especially in patients undergoing catheterization. Lactobacillus spp. are an important component of the human microbiota and occur in large quantities in foods. Probiotics are proposed as an alternative to antibiotic therapy in the treatment of urinary tract infections. In addition to their ability to produce antimicrobial metabolites, they have immunomodulatory activity and do not cause side effects. For this reason, the combination of probiotic microorganisms and conventional drugs was considered. The aim of this work was to select the most active Lactobacillus strains against two clinical isolates of P. mirabilis on bladder and prostatic epithelium, potentially exploitable to improve the clinical management of UTIs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urinary Tract Infections and Antibiotic Resistance)
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13 pages, 705 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Etiology of Community-Acquired and Nosocomial Urinary Tract Infections and Antibiotic Resistance of Isolated Strains: Results of a 3-Year Surveillance (2020–2022) at the Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Warsaw
by Monika Wanke-Rytt, Tomasz Sobierajski, Dominika Lachowicz, Dominika Seliga-Gąsior and Edyta Podsiadły
Microorganisms 2023, 11(6), 1438; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms11061438 - 29 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1817
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain the most common infections diagnosed in outpatients and hospitalized patients. This study was designed to determine the patterns of antibiotic resistance and the prevalence of uropathogens causing UTIs in pediatric patients hospitalized between 1 January 2020 and 31 [...] Read more.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain the most common infections diagnosed in outpatients and hospitalized patients. This study was designed to determine the patterns of antibiotic resistance and the prevalence of uropathogens causing UTIs in pediatric patients hospitalized between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2022 at Teaching Hospital in Warsaw. The most frequent species isolated from urine samples were E. coli (64.5%), Klebsiella spp. (11.6%), and Enterococcus spp. (6.1%). UTIs caused by Enterobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., and Klebsiella spp. were significantly more common in children younger than three months of age than in children older than three months (p < 0.001). Trimethoprim and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole were the least active compounds against Enterobacterales with the resistance of E. coli, Klebsiella spp., P. mirabilis, and Enterobacter spp. in the range of 26.7/25.2%, 48.4/40.4%, 51.1/40.4%, and 15.8/13.2% respectively. Ampicillin was also found to have resistance rates for E. coli of 54.9% and P. mirabilis of 44.7%. Cefalexin and cefuroxime were highly active towards Enterobacterales except for Klebsiella spp., in which the resistance level reached 40%. Regarding third- and fourth- generation cephalosporins, resistance in E. coli and P. mirabilis was observed in approximately 2–10% of the isolates, but in Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. ranged over 30%. The resistance of Enterobacterales to carbapenems, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin was below 1%. The quinolones resistance was very high for Klebsiella spp. (31.1%) and P. mirabilis (29.8%) and three times lower for E. coli (11.9%), P. aeruginosa (9.3%), Enterobacter spp. (2.6%), and E. faecalis (4.6%). Resistance to multiple antibiotic classes was identified in 396 Enterobacterales strains, 394 of which were multi-drug resistant (MDR) and 2 were extensive drug-resistant (XDR). In the case of E. coli, 30% of isolates were MDR, with the proportion of strains having this exact resistance pattern similar in all of the analyzed years; no E. coli XDR strains were isolated. The number of Klebsiella spp. MDR strains was much higher in 2022 (60%) than in 2021 (47.5%). In the analyzed time, only one strain of K. pneumonia XDR, producing New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase, was isolated. Monitoring infection trends is essential to improve control and limit the rise of bacterial resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urinary Tract Infections and Antibiotic Resistance)
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