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Microorganisms
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Antimicrobial Lipopeptide Biosurfactant
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Antimicrobial Lipopeptide Biosurfactant

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Microbial Biotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2022) | Viewed by 23232

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Francois Coutte

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
UMRt INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, Institut Charles Viollette, University of Lille, Lille, France
Interests: lipopeptides; biosufactant; bacillus; metabolic engineering

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of Microorganisms, “Antimicrobial Activity of Lipopeptide Biosurfactants”, will be dedicated to the production and the characterization of lipopeptide biosurfactant. In the global context where fossil resources are running out, health and more sustainable development have become key challenges. Lipopeptides are molecules which, by virtue of their structures, exhibit biosurfactant activities, but they also interact with biological membranes, which make these molecules’ antimicrobial properties of interest for many industrial sectors (biocontrol, pharmaceutical, phytosanitary, detergency, etc.). These molecules are produced mainly by bacteria (Bacillus, Pseudomonas, etc.), but their production has also been identified in yeasts or fungi. The topics that will be covered by this Special Issue include but are not limited to characterization of new microorganisms producing new lipopeptides molecules with antimicrobial activity, elucidation of the antimicrobial mode of action, analysis of the molecular mechanism of production, and bioprocess set-up for the production of antimicrobial lipopeptides.

Dr. Francois Coutte
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lipopeptides
  • antimicrobial
  • biosurfactant
  • biocontrol
  • mode of action
  • Bacillus
  • Pseudomonas
  • non-ribosomal peptide synthetase
  • antagonist

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 3731 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Bacillus velezensis UTB96, Demonstrating Improved Lipopeptide Production Compared to the Strain B. velezensis FZB42
by Maliheh Vahidinasab, Isabel Adiek, Behnoush Hosseini, Stephen Olusanmi Akintayo, Bahar Abrishamchi, Jens Pfannstiel, Marius Henkel, Lars Lilge, Ralf T. Voegele and Rudolf Hausmann
Microorganisms 2022, 10(11), 2225; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms10112225 - 10 Nov 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2568
Abstract
Bacillus strains can produce various lipopeptides, known for their antifungal properties. This makes them attractive metabolites for applications in agriculture. Therefore, identification of productive wild-type strains is essential for the development of biopesticides. Bacillus velezensis FZB42 is a well-established strain for biocontrol of [...] Read more.
Bacillus strains can produce various lipopeptides, known for their antifungal properties. This makes them attractive metabolites for applications in agriculture. Therefore, identification of productive wild-type strains is essential for the development of biopesticides. Bacillus velezensis FZB42 is a well-established strain for biocontrol of plant pathogens in agriculture. Here, we characterized an alternative strain, B. velezensis UTB96, that can produce higher amounts of all three major lipopeptide families, namely surfactin, fengycin, and iturin. UTB96 produces iturin A. Furthermore, UTB96 showed superior antifungal activity towards the soybean fungal pathogen Diaporthe longicolla compared to FZB42. Moreover, the additional provision of different amino acids for lipopeptide production in UTB96 was investigated. Lysine and alanine had stimulatory effects on the production of all three lipopeptide families, while supplementation of leucine, valine and isoleucine decreased the lipopeptide bioproduction. Using a 45-litre bioreactor system for upscaling in batch culture, lipopeptide titers of about 140 mg/L surfactin, 620 mg/L iturin A, and 45 mg/L fengycin were achieved. In conclusion, it becomes clear that B. velezensis UTB96 is a promising strain for further research application in the field of agricultural biological controls of fungal diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Lipopeptide Biosurfactant)
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22 pages, 2828 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Lipopeptide Mixtures Produced by Bacillus subtilis as Biocontrol Products against Apple Scab (Venturia inaequalis)
by Aline Leconte, Ludovic Tournant, Jérôme Muchembled, Jonathan Paucellier, Arnaud Héquet, Barbara Deracinois, Caroline Deweer, François Krier, Magali Deleu, Sandrine Oste, Philippe Jacques and François Coutte
Microorganisms 2022, 10(9), 1810; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms10091810 - 09 Sep 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2586
Abstract
Apple scab is an important disease conventionally controlled by chemical fungicides, which should be replaced by more environmentally friendly alternatives. One of these alternatives could be the use of lipopeptides produced by Bacillus subtilis. The objective of this work is to study [...] Read more.
Apple scab is an important disease conventionally controlled by chemical fungicides, which should be replaced by more environmentally friendly alternatives. One of these alternatives could be the use of lipopeptides produced by Bacillus subtilis. The objective of this work is to study the action of the three families of lipopeptides and different mixtures of them in vitro and in vivo against Venturia inaequalis. Firstly, the antifungal activity of mycosubtilin/surfactin and fengycin/surfactin mixtures was determined in vitro by measuring the median inhibitory concentration. Then, the best lipopeptide mixture ratio was produced using Design of Experiment (DoE) to optimize the composition of the culture medium. Finally, the lipopeptides mixtures efficiency against V. inaequalis was assessed in orchards as well as the evaluation of the persistence of lipopeptides on apple. In vitro tests show that the use of fengycin or mycosubtilin alone is as effective as a mixture, with the 50–50% fengycin/surfactin mixture being the most effective. Optimization of culture medium for the production of fengycin/surfactin mixture shows that the best composition is glycerol coupled with glutamic acid. Finally, lipopeptides showed in vivo antifungal efficiency against V. inaequalis regardless of the mixture used with a 70% reduction in the incidence of scab for both mixtures (fengycin/surfactin or mycosubtilin/surfactin). The reproducibility of the results over the two trial campaigns was significantly better with the mycosubtilin/surfactin mixture. The use of B. subtilis lipopeptides to control this disease is very promising. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Lipopeptide Biosurfactant)
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18 pages, 2024 KiB  
Article
Coculture of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus velezensis Based on Metabolic Cross-Feeding Modulates Lipopeptide Production
by Barbara Fifani, Sebastien Steels, Catherine Helmus, Alice Delacuvellerie, Barbara Deracinois, Vincent Phalip, Frank Delvigne and Philippe Jacques
Microorganisms 2022, 10(5), 1059; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms10051059 - 20 May 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2533
Abstract
Cocultures have been widely explored for their use in deciphering microbial interaction and its impact on the metabolisms of the interacting microorganisms. In this work, we investigate, in different liquid coculture conditions, the compatibility of two microorganisms with the potential for the biocontrol [...] Read more.
Cocultures have been widely explored for their use in deciphering microbial interaction and its impact on the metabolisms of the interacting microorganisms. In this work, we investigate, in different liquid coculture conditions, the compatibility of two microorganisms with the potential for the biocontrol of plant diseases: the fungus Trichoderma harzianum IHEM5437 and the bacterium Bacillus velezensis GA1 (a strong antifungal lipopeptide producing strain). While the Bacillus overgrew the Trichoderma in a rich medium due to its antifungal lipopeptide production, a drastically different trend was observed in a medium in which a nitrogen nutritional dependency was imposed. Indeed, in this minimum medium containing nitrate as the sole nitrogen source, cooperation between the bacterium and the fungus was established. This is reflected by the growth of both species as well as the inhibition of the expression of Bacillus genes encoding lipopeptide synthetases. Interestingly, the growth of the bacterium in the minimum medium was enabled by the amendment of the culture by the fungal supernatant, which, in this case, ensures a high production yield of lipopeptides. These results highlight, for the first time, that Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus velezensis are able, in specific environmental conditions, to adapt their metabolisms in order to grow together. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Lipopeptide Biosurfactant)
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19 pages, 2084 KiB  
Article
Surfactin Shows Relatively Low Antimicrobial Activity against Bacillus subtilis and Other Bacterial Model Organisms in the Absence of Synergistic Metabolites
by Lars Lilge, Nadine Ersig, Philipp Hubel, Moritz Aschern, Evelina Pillai, Peter Klausmann, Jens Pfannstiel, Marius Henkel, Kambiz Morabbi Heravi and Rudolf Hausmann
Microorganisms 2022, 10(4), 779; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms10040779 - 05 Apr 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3011
Abstract
Surfactin is described as a powerful biosurfactant and is natively produced by Bacillus subtilis in notable quantities. Among other industrially relevant characteristics, antimicrobial properties have been attributed to surfactin-producing Bacillus isolates. To investigate this property, stress approaches were carried out with biotechnologically [...] Read more.
Surfactin is described as a powerful biosurfactant and is natively produced by Bacillus subtilis in notable quantities. Among other industrially relevant characteristics, antimicrobial properties have been attributed to surfactin-producing Bacillus isolates. To investigate this property, stress approaches were carried out with biotechnologically established strains of Corynebacterium glutamicum, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida with the highest possible amounts of surfactin. Contrary to the popular opinion, the highest growth-reducing effects were detectable in B. subtilis and E. coli after surfactin treatment of 100 g/L with 35 and 33%, respectively, while P. putida showed no growth-specific response. In contrast, other antimicrobial biosurfactants, like rhamnolipids and sophorolipids, showed significantly stronger effects on bacterial growth. Since the addition of high amounts of surfactin in defined mineral salt medium reduced the cell growth of B. subtilis by about 40%, the initial stress response at the protein level was analyzed by mass spectrometry, showing induction of stress proteins under control of alternative sigma factors σB and σW as well as the activation of LiaRS two-component system. Overall, although surfactin is associated with antimicrobial properties, relatively low growth-reducing effects could be demonstrated after the surfactin addition, challenging the general claim of the antimicrobial properties of surfactin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Lipopeptide Biosurfactant)
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16 pages, 3267 KiB  
Article
Identification of a Novel Biosurfactant with Antimicrobial Activity Produced by Rhodococcus opacus R7
by Jessica Zampolli, Alessandra De Giani, Alessandra Di Canito, Guido Sello and Patrizia Di Gennaro
Microorganisms 2022, 10(2), 475; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms10020475 - 21 Feb 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2881
Abstract
Rhodococcus members excrete secondary metabolites, especially compounds which act as biosurfactants. In this work, we demonstrated the ability of Rhodococcus opacus R7 to produce a novel bioactive compound belonging to the class of biosurfactants with antimicrobial properties during the growth on naphthalene. Chemical [...] Read more.
Rhodococcus members excrete secondary metabolites, especially compounds which act as biosurfactants. In this work, we demonstrated the ability of Rhodococcus opacus R7 to produce a novel bioactive compound belonging to the class of biosurfactants with antimicrobial properties during the growth on naphthalene. Chemical and biochemical analyses of the isolated compound demonstrated that the biosurfactant could be classified as a hydrophobic peptide. The ESI-full mass spectrometry revealed that the isolated biosurfactant showed a molecular weight of 1292 Da and NMR spectra evidenced the composition of the following amino acid residues: Ala, Thr, Asp, Gly, Ser. Surfactant activity of the R. opacus R7 compound was quantified by the critical micelle dilution (CMD) method and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) was estimated around 20 mg L−1 with a corresponding surface tension of 48 mN m−1. Moreover, biological assays demonstrated that R. opacus R7 biosurfactant peptide exhibited antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 29522 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 with the minimum inhibition growth concentration (MIC) values of 2.6 mg mL−1 and 1.7 mg mL−1, respectively. In this study for the first time, a hydrophobic peptide with both biosurfactant and antimicrobial activity was isolated from a bacterium belonging to Rhodococcus genus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Lipopeptide Biosurfactant)
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18 pages, 3180 KiB  
Article
Screening of Antimicrobial Activities and Lipopeptide Production of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Vetiver Roots
by Yuka Munakata, Egon Heuson, Théo Daboudet, Barbara Deracinois, Matthieu Duban, Alain Hehn, François Coutte and Sophie Slezack-Deschaumes
Microorganisms 2022, 10(2), 209; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms10020209 - 19 Jan 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3362
Abstract
The exploration of certain microbial resources such as beneficial endophytic microorganisms is considered a promising strategy for the discovery of new antimicrobial compounds for the pharmaceutical industries and agriculture. Thirty-one endophytic bacterial strains affiliated with Bacillus, Janthinobacterium, Yokenella, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas [...] Read more.
The exploration of certain microbial resources such as beneficial endophytic microorganisms is considered a promising strategy for the discovery of new antimicrobial compounds for the pharmaceutical industries and agriculture. Thirty-one endophytic bacterial strains affiliated with Bacillus, Janthinobacterium, Yokenella, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Serratia, and Microbacterium were previously isolated from vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty) roots. These endophytes showed antifungal activity against Fusarium graminearum and could be a source of antimicrobial metabolites. In this study, in particular, using high-throughput screening, we analyzed their antagonistic activities and those of their cell-free culture supernatants against three species of Fusarium plant pathogens, a bacterial strain of Escherichia coli, and a yeast strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as well as their capacity to produce lipopeptides. The results showed that the culture supernatants of four strains close to B. subtilis species exhibited antimicrobial activities against Fusarium species and E. coli. Using mass spectrometry analyses, we identified two groups of lipopeptides (surfactins and plipastatins) in their culture supernatants. Whole-genome sequencing confirmed that these bacteria possess NRPS gene clusters for surfactin and plipastatin. In vitro tests confirmed the inhibitory effect of plipastatin alone or in combination with surfactin against the three Fusarium species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Lipopeptide Biosurfactant)
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25 pages, 7153 KiB  
Article
Bacillus Cyclic Lipopeptides Iturin and Fengycin Control Rice Blast Caused by Pyricularia oryzae in Potting and Acid Sulfate Soils by Direct Antagonism and Induced Systemic Resistance
by Van Bach Lam, Thibault Meyer, Anthony Arguelles Arias, Marc Ongena, Feyisara Eyiwumi Oni and Monica Höfte
Microorganisms 2021, 9(7), 1441; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms9071441 - 03 Jul 2021
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 4475
Abstract
Rice monoculture in acid sulfate soils (ASSs) is affected by a wide range of abiotic and biotic constraints, including rice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae. To progress towards a more sustainable agriculture, our research aimed to screen the biocontrol potential of indigenous Bacillus [...] Read more.
Rice monoculture in acid sulfate soils (ASSs) is affected by a wide range of abiotic and biotic constraints, including rice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae. To progress towards a more sustainable agriculture, our research aimed to screen the biocontrol potential of indigenous Bacillus spp. against blast disease by triggering induced systemic resistance (ISR) via root application and direct antagonism. Strains belonging to the B. altitudinis and B. velezensis group could protect rice against blast disease by ISR. UPLC–MS and marker gene replacement methods were used to detect cyclic lipopeptide (CLiP) production and construct CLiPs deficient mutants of B. velezensis, respectively. Here we show that the CLiPs fengycin and iturin are both needed to elicit ISR against rice blast in potting soil and ASS conditions. The CLiPs surfactin, iturin and fengycin completely suppressed P. oryzae spore germination resulting in disease severity reduction when co-applied on rice leaves. In vitro microscopic assays revealed that iturin and fengycin inhibited the mycelial growth of the fungus P. oryzae, while surfactin had no effect. The capacity of indigenous Bacillus spp. to reduce rice blast by direct and indirect antagonism in ASS conditions provides an opportunity to explore their usage for rice blast control in the field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Lipopeptide Biosurfactant)
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