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Microorganisms
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Canine Vector Borne Diseases
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Canine Vector Borne Diseases

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Parasitology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2021)

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Bernard Davoust

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Veterinary Research Center, Méditerranée Infection Institute, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
Interests: zoonotic infectious diseases; canine tropical diseases; vector-borne diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Stéphanie Watier-Grillot

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
French Armed Forces Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health (CESPA), Marseille, France
Interests: epidemiology; zoonotic infectious diseases; canine tropical diseases; vector-borne diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Vector-Borne Diseases, both human and animal, represent a global threat because of their increasing frequency. This trend is largely due to global warming, which fosters the development and spread of various arthropod vectors, including mosquitoes, ticks, sandflies, fleas, flies, bedbugs, and other blood-sucking insects. The introduction of CVBD agents into previously disease-free territories via infected vectors (invasive species) or vertebrate reservoirs of these agents (asymptomatic carriers) also contributes to the international spread of CVBDs. The increase in international trade and transport of people, animals, and goods is the cause.

In this context, the geographical distribution of canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) is expanding. The most serious are due to mosquitoes (dirofilariasis), ticks (ehrlichiosis, babesiosis, Lyme borreliosis), sandflies (leishmaniasis), tsetse flies (African trypanosomiasis), and reduve bugs (American trypanosomiasis). Scientific knowledge on these diseases is progressing but remains incomplete. This justifies a Special Issue dedicated to this topic.

In this issue, we would like to gather original articles addressing both pathogens (parasites and bacteria) and vectors (arthropods) associated with the canine species. The scope is therefore wide and open to methods for controlling the transmission of CVBDs. Resistance to treatments (preventive and curative) can also be addressed. Updating preventive strategies is an important public health issue for zoonotic canine diseases such as leishmaniasis, dirofilariasis or Lyme borreliosis.

For this purpose, we cordially invite you to submit research articles, articles, and short communications related to the various aspects of CVBD infection on the basis of your expertise.

Dr. Bernard Davoust
Dr. Stéphanie Watier-Grillot
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Dog
  • Vector-borne diseases
  • Heartworm
  • Leishmaniosis
  • Mosquitoes
  • Fleas
  • Trypanosoma spp.
  • Ticks

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 2069 KiB  
Article
Detection of Canine Vector-Borne Filariasis and Their Wolbachia Endosymbionts in French Guiana
by Younes Laidoudi, Jean-Lou Marié, Djamel Tahir, Stéphanie Watier-Grillot, Oleg Mediannikov and Bernard Davoust
Microorganisms 2020, 8(5), 770; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms8050770 - 21 May 2020
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3443
Abstract
In French Guiana, canine heartworm disease is well known, but the diversity of filarial parasites of dogs remains largely unknown. A total of 98 canine blood samples from Cayenne and Kourou were assessed by a blood wet mount preparation, heartworm antigen test and [...] Read more.
In French Guiana, canine heartworm disease is well known, but the diversity of filarial parasites of dogs remains largely unknown. A total of 98 canine blood samples from Cayenne and Kourou were assessed by a blood wet mount preparation, heartworm antigen test and molecular exploration of filarioid and Wolbachia DNAs, followed by a multiplex species-specific qPCR’s identification and a subsequent sequencing analysis. Thereafter, a phylogeny based on maximum likelihood was carried out to facilitate specific identification. Five dogs were microfilaremic. Heartworm antigens were detected in 15 (15.3%) dogs. Of these, six (6.1%) were considered as occult infections as neither microfilariae nor Dirofilaria immitis DNA were detected. The 11 (11.2%) D. immitis isolates corresponded to a low virulent strain. Six of the D. immitis isolates were positive for Wolbachia endosymbionts of D. immitis belonging to the clade C DNA. Acanthocheilonema reconditum DNA was detected in 3 (3.1%) samples. Of these latter, one was found co-infected with the Brugia sp. genotype and the DNA of the clade D of the Wolbachia endosymbiont of Brugia species. This latter was also detected in two filarioid DNA-free samples. Finally, two samples were positive for Cercopithifilaria bainae genotype, which is distinct from those identified in Europe. The present study highlights the urgent need to implement chemoprophylaxis associated with anti-Wolbachia drugs to control these potential zoonoses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Canine Vector Borne Diseases)
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10 pages, 1831 KiB  
Article
Experimental Infection of Dogs with Toscana Virus and Sandfly Fever Sicilian Virus to Determine Their Potential as Possible Vertebrate Hosts
by Clara Muñoz, Nazli Ayhan, Maria Ortuño, Juana Ortiz, Ernest A. Gould, Carla Maia, Eduardo Berriatua and Remi N. Charrel
Microorganisms 2020, 8(4), 596; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms8040596 - 20 Apr 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2873
Abstract
The sandfly-borne Toscana phlebovirus (TOSV), a close relative of the sandfly fever Sicilian phlebovirus (SFSV), is one of the most common causes of acute meningitis or meningoencephalitis in humans in the Mediterranean Basin. However, most of human phlebovirus infections in endemic areas either [...] Read more.
The sandfly-borne Toscana phlebovirus (TOSV), a close relative of the sandfly fever Sicilian phlebovirus (SFSV), is one of the most common causes of acute meningitis or meningoencephalitis in humans in the Mediterranean Basin. However, most of human phlebovirus infections in endemic areas either are asymptomatic or cause mild influenza-like illness. To date, a vertebrate reservoir for sandfly-borne phleboviruses has not been identified. Dogs are a prime target for blood-feeding phlebotomines and are the primary reservoir of human sandfly-borne Leishmania infantum. However, there are no definitive studies to assess whether dogs play a significant role as a reservoir host for human phlebovirus survival in the environment. Here, we have evaluated the susceptibility of domestic dogs to infection by TOSV and SFSV following the direct inoculation of the infectious virus. After experimental infection, the presence of viral RNA was investigated in plasma, urine, saliva, conjunctiva, faeces, semen, and bone marrow samples from 0 to 91 days postinoculation (dpi), as well as in plasma, saliva, and tears samples at 760 dpi. None of the challenged dogs developed clinical signs of infection with either TOSV or SFSV. SFSV RNA was never detected. TOSV RNA was not in any of the specimen types, except for plasma samples that showed low viral loads, although irregularly. None of the dogs developed detectable neutralizing antibodies after a single challenge dose of either TOSV or SFSV. However, a second challenge dose of virus given 56 days later elicited neutralizing antibodies, implying that the first inoculation of virus primed the animals for an anamnestic response following the second challenge. These results demonstrated that healthy domestic dogs are not highly susceptible to infection by TOSV or SFSV and do not develop significant viremia or excrete virus following infection. Consequently, dogs are unlikely natural reservoir hosts of infection and do not appear to play a significant role in phlebovirus transmission cycles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Canine Vector Borne Diseases)
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17 pages, 693 KiB  
Article
New Molecular Approach for the Detection of Kinetoplastida Parasites of Medical and Veterinary Interest
by Hacène Medkour, Marie Varloud, Bernard Davoust and Oleg Mediannikov
Microorganisms 2020, 8(3), 356; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms8030356 - 02 Mar 2020
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3685
Abstract
Kinetoplastids are protozoa containing a range of ubiquitous free_living species–pathogens of invertebrates, vertebrates and even some plants. Some of them are causative agents of canine vector-borne diseases. Their diagnosis is often missing in a gold standard. Here, we proposed a molecular approach for [...] Read more.
Kinetoplastids are protozoa containing a range of ubiquitous free_living species–pathogens of invertebrates, vertebrates and even some plants. Some of them are causative agents of canine vector-borne diseases. Their diagnosis is often missing in a gold standard. Here, we proposed a molecular approach for the diagnosis and study of Kinetoplastida. The TaqMan qPCR assays target the following genes: 24Sa LSU of Kinetoplastida, 28S LSU of Leishmania/ Trypanosoma spp., 5.8S rRNA of Trypanosoma spp., 18S SSU of Leishmania spp., kinetoplast minicircle DNA (kDNA) of L. donovani complex and kDNA of L. infantum, were designed, validated for their sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) in silico and in vitro using a panel of known DNAs. They were then used to screen 369 blood samples (358 dogs, 2 equids, 9 monkeys). In addition, new 28S LSU primer sets are presented to use for Kinetoplastida’s identification by PCR/sequencing. All qPCRs showed consistently high analytical sensitivities and reproducibility. They detect approximately 0.01 parasite/ mL blood for the kDNA based- qPCRs and at least a single cell-equivalent of rDNA for the other systems. Based on the sequencing results, after screening, Se and Sp were: 0. 919 and 0.971, 0.853 and 0.979, 1.00 and 0.987, 0.826 and 0.995 for all of Kinetoplastida, Leishmania/ Trypanosoma, Trypanosoma, Leishmania spp. specific qPCRs, respectively. kDNA based qPCRs were more sensitive and specific (Se: 1.00; Sp: 0.997). PCR/sequencing allowed the detection of Kinetoplastids in animal blood samples such as L. infantum, L. guyanensis, T. congolense, T. evansi and Bodo spp. The molecular approach proposed here is useful for epidemiological studies, fundamental research such as screening for new Kinetoplastida species, diagnosis and therapeutic follow-up. In addition, researchers are free to choose the molecular tools adapted to their aims. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Canine Vector Borne Diseases)
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