Toxoplasma gondii Infections in Farm Animals

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Parasitology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 July 2021) | Viewed by 3059

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Infection Biology Subdivision, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Interests: microbiology; food and feed safety; diagnostics; bacteriology; veterinary science; animal health; elisa; immunity

Special Issue Information

Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of the parasitic infection toxoplasmosis. T. gondii is able to infect animals and humans and infections with the parasite are reported worldwide. Cats are the definitive host of T. gondii. Cats become infected by feeding on infected tissues of intermediate hosts (e.g. rodents and birds). This results in an enteroepithelial sexual cycle that leads to the shedding of millions of oocysts into the environment. Farm animals, like pigs, cattle, sheep and poultry can become infected by oral uptake of oocysts from the environment and develop the tissue cyst stage in striated muscles and other organs. Transmission of T. gondii to humans can takes place through the consumption of tissue cysts in raw or undercooked meat from infected animals.

Since farm animals represent a direct source of infection for humans, it is important to control T. gondii infections in livestock. Papers with results of research in this area are welcome in this Special Issue of Microorganisms. Topics covered will include but not be limited to the (1) epidemiology of T. gondii infections in the most important livestock species, (2) identification of potential risk factors for T. gondii infections in livestock, (3) implementation of biosecurity measures on farms to prevent T. gondii infections, (4) costs of T. gondii infections related to farm animals and (5) acceptance of interventions to control T. gondii infections by farmers.

Dr. Henk Wisselink
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Epidemiology
  • Public health
  • Zoonosis
  • Diagnosis
  • Control of the disease
  • Livestock
  • Prevalence
  • Costs
  • Biosecurity

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 27965 KiB  
Article
Early Immune Initiation by Porcine Cells following Toxoplasma gondii Infection versus TLR Ligation
by Benjamin Hamid, Josephine Schlosser-Brandenburg, Lalita Bechtold, Friederike Ebner, Sebastian Rausch and Susanne Hartmann
Microorganisms 2021, 9(9), 1828; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/microorganisms9091828 - 28 Aug 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2608
Abstract
Containment of acute Toxoplasma gondii infection is dependent on an efficient interferon gamma response. However, the earliest steps of immune response initiation immediately following exposure to the parasite have not been previously characterized in pigs. Murine and human myeloid cells produce large quantities [...] Read more.
Containment of acute Toxoplasma gondii infection is dependent on an efficient interferon gamma response. However, the earliest steps of immune response initiation immediately following exposure to the parasite have not been previously characterized in pigs. Murine and human myeloid cells produce large quantities of interleukin (IL)-12 during early T. gondii infection. We therefore examined IL-12 expression by porcine peripheral blood monocytes and dendritic cell (DC) subsets following toll-like receptor (TLR) ligation and controlled T. gondii tachyzoite infection. We detected IL-12p40 expression by porcine plasmacytoid DC, but not conventional or monocyte-derived DC following TLR ligation. Unexpectedly, we also observed considerable IL-12p40 production by porcine CD3– NKp46+ cells—a classical natural killer cell phenotype—following TLR ligation. However, in response to T. gondii exposure, no IL-12 production was observed by either DC or CD3– NKp46+ cells. Despite this, IL-18 production by DC-enriched peripheral blood mononuclear cells was detected following live T. gondii tachyzoite exposure. Only combined stimulation of porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells with recombinant IL-12p70 and IL-18 induced innate interferon gamma production by natural killer cells, while T cells and myeloid cells did not respond. Therefore, porcine CD3– NKp46+ cells serve as important IL-12 producers following TLR ligation, while IL-18 likely plays a prominent role in early immune response initiation in the pig following T. gondii infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxoplasma gondii Infections in Farm Animals)
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