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Nanomaterials
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Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Biosensing Approaches
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Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Biosensing Approaches

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "2D and Carbon Nanomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 38489

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Mireia Baeza

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Guest Editor
GENOCOV Research Group, Departament of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Edifici C-Nord, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer del Til·lers, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
Interests: microsystems for chemical analysis based on 3D- and inkjet-printed technologies; the electrochemical improvement of voltammetry (bio)sensors based on carbon graphite forms; the customization of carbon nanomaterials with several bio-modifiers, including metal nanoparticles, quantum dots and macro-molecules; the development of automated analyzers for bioreactor control and bioelectrochemistry cells
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology have brought novel devices and materials at the nanometer scale, mainly triggered by the demand of miniaturizing electronic, optical, sensing, and actuating systems and their components. In this sense, carbon nanomaterials are supposed to be a key component of nanotechnology. Concretely, nanocomposite carbon-paste electrodes (NC-CPEs) made of dispersing different conducting carbon nanostructures within an insulating polymer have played a leading role in the analytical electrochemistry. Carbon nanohorns, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphene, and graphite are examples of carbon nanoallotropes that can be successfully integrated as the core of (bio)sensing platforms due to their excellent abilities for direct interaction with a wide range of analytes, their applicability in aqueous media or their superb electrical conductivity, among others. However, above all, NC-CPEs are well-known for their high malleability derived from the polymeric matrix to host a variety of (bio)modifiers in/on/into the NC-CPE, including nanoparticles, enzymes, antibodies, aptamers or chemical (bio)recognition agents, and the ability to modify and finetune their composition to achieve the requirements of specific (bio)analytical applications. With this background, many researchers have worked toward the development of novel carbon-based nanocomposite (bio)sensing platforms.

This Special Issue of Nanomaterials will cover the current trends in the use of carbon-based nanocomposite electronic devices for (bio)sensing approaches, including all nanoallotropic carbon forms and their tuning and (bio)functionalization with functional nanoparticles, biological elements, active biomolecules or magnetic beads.

Dr. Mireia Baeza
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Carbon nanomaterials
  • Functional metal nanoparticles
  • Biorecognition agents
  • Supramolecular active biomolecules
  • Magento nanocomposites
  • Carbon-paste electrodes
  • Electrochemical detection
  • Electronic analysis
  • Biosensors

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 34654 KiB  
Article
APTES-Based Silica Nanoparticles as a Potential Modifier for the Selective Sequestration of CO2 Gas Molecules
by Eduardo J. Cueto-Díaz, Alberto Castro-Muñiz, Fabián Suárez-García, Santos Gálvez-Martínez, Mª Carmen Torquemada-Vico, Mª Pilar Valles-González and Eva Mateo-Martí
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(11), 2893; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano11112893 - 29 Oct 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 7453
Abstract
In this work, we have described the characterization of hybrid silica nanoparticles of 50 nm size, showing outstanding size homogeneity, a large surface area, and remarkable CO2 sorption/desorption capabilities. A wide battery of techniques was conducted ranging from spectroscopies such as: UV-Vis [...] Read more.
In this work, we have described the characterization of hybrid silica nanoparticles of 50 nm size, showing outstanding size homogeneity, a large surface area, and remarkable CO2 sorption/desorption capabilities. A wide battery of techniques was conducted ranging from spectroscopies such as: UV-Vis and IR, to microscopies (SEM, AFM) and CO2 sorption/desorption isotherms, thus with the purpose of the full characterization of the material. The bare SiO2 (50 nm) nanoparticles modified with 3-aminopropyl (triethoxysilane), APTES@SiO2 (50 nm), show a remarkable CO2 sequestration enhancement compared to the pristine material (0.57 vs. 0.80 mmol/g respectively at 50 °C). Furthermore, when comparing them to their 200 nm size counterparts (SiO2 (200 nm) and APTES@SiO2 (200 nm)), there is a marked CO2 capture increment as a consequence of their significantly larger micropore volume (0.25 cm3/g). Additionally, ideal absorbed solution theory (IAST) was conducted to determine the CO2/N2 selectivity at 25 and 50 °C of the four materials of study, which turned out to be >70, being in the range of performance of the most efficient microporous materials reported to date, even surpassing those based on silica. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Biosensing Approaches)
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11 pages, 1862 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Duplex and Quadruplex Folding Structure Adenosine Aptamers for Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor Aptasensors
by Hong Phan T. Nguyen, Thanihaichelvan Murugathas and Natalie O. V. Plank
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(9), 2280; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano11092280 - 02 Sep 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2182
Abstract
Carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNT FET) aptasensors have been investigated for the detection of adenosine using two different aptamer sequences, a 35-mer and a 27-mer. We found limits of detection for adenosine of 100 pM and 320 nM for the 35-mer and [...] Read more.
Carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNT FET) aptasensors have been investigated for the detection of adenosine using two different aptamer sequences, a 35-mer and a 27-mer. We found limits of detection for adenosine of 100 pM and 320 nM for the 35-mer and 27-mer aptamers, with dissociation constants of 1.2 nM and 160 nM, respectively. Upon analyte recognition the 35-mer adenosine aptamer adopts a compact G-quadruplex structure while the 27-mer adenosine aptamer changes to a folded duplex. Using the CNT FET aptasensor platform adenosine could be detected with high sensitivity over the range of 100 pM to 10 µM, highlighting the suitability of the CNT FET aptasensor platform for high performance adenosine detection. The aptamer restructuring format is critical for high sensitivity with the G-quadraplex aptasensor having a 130-fold smaller dissociation constant than the duplex forming aptasensor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Biosensing Approaches)
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15 pages, 3030 KiB  
Article
Fully Inkjet-Printed Biosensors Fabricated with a Highly Stable Ink Based on Carbon Nanotubes and Enzyme-Functionalized Nanoparticles
by Mijal Mass, Lionel S. Veiga, Octavio Garate, Gloria Longinotti, Ana Moya, Eloi Ramón, Rosa Villa, Gabriel Ybarra and Gemma Gabriel
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(7), 1645; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano11071645 - 23 Jun 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3244
Abstract
Enzyme inks can be inkjet printed to fabricate enzymatic biosensors. However, inks containing enzymes present a low shelf life because enzymes in suspension rapidly lose their catalytic activity. Other major problems of printing these inks are the non-specific adsorption of enzymes onto the [...] Read more.
Enzyme inks can be inkjet printed to fabricate enzymatic biosensors. However, inks containing enzymes present a low shelf life because enzymes in suspension rapidly lose their catalytic activity. Other major problems of printing these inks are the non-specific adsorption of enzymes onto the chamber walls and stability loss during printing as a result of thermal and/or mechanical stress. It is well known that the catalytic activity can be preserved for significantly longer periods of time and to harsher operational conditions when enzymes are immobilized onto adequate surfaces. Therefore, in this work, horseradish peroxidase was covalently immobilized onto silica nanoparticles. Then, the nanoparticles were mixed into an aqueous ink containing single walled carbon nanotubes. Electrodes printed with this specially formulated ink were characterized, and enzyme electrodes were printed. To test the performance of the enzyme electrodes, a complete amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor was fabricated by inkjet printing. The electrochemical response of the printed electrodes was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry in solutions containing redox species, such as hexacyanoferrate (III/II) ions or hydroquinone. The response of the enzyme electrodes was studied for the amperometric determination of hydrogen peroxide. Three months after the ink preparation, the printed enzyme electrodes were found to still exhibit similar sensitivity, demonstrating that catalytic activity is preserved in the proposed ink. Thus, enzyme electrodes can be successfully printed employing highly stable formulation using nanoparticles as carriers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Biosensing Approaches)
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11 pages, 5167 KiB  
Article
Detection of Bacterial Metabolic Volatile Indole Using a Graphene-Based Field-Effect Transistor Biosensor
by Zihong Lin, Guangfu Wu, Ling Zhao and King Wai Chiu Lai
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(5), 1155; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano11051155 - 28 Apr 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2772
Abstract
The existence of bacteria is a great threat to food safety. Volatile compounds secreted by bacteria during their metabolic process can be dissected to evaluate bacterial contamination. Indole, as a major volatile molecule released by Escherichia coli (E. coli), was chosen [...] Read more.
The existence of bacteria is a great threat to food safety. Volatile compounds secreted by bacteria during their metabolic process can be dissected to evaluate bacterial contamination. Indole, as a major volatile molecule released by Escherichia coli (E. coli), was chosen to examine the presence of E. coli in this research. In this work, a graphene field-effect transistor (G-FET) was employed to detect the volatile molecule-indole based on a π-π stacking interaction between the indole and the graphene. The exposure of G-FET devices to the indole provokes a change in electrical signal, which is ascribed to the adsorption of the indole molecule onto the graphene surface via π-π stacking. The adsorption of the indole causes a charge rearrangement of the graphene-indole complex, which leads to changes in the electrical signal of G-FET biosensors with a different indole concentration. Currently, the indole biosensor can detect indole from 10 ppb to 250 ppb and reach a limit of detection of 10 ppb for indole solution detection. We believe that our detection strategy for detecting bacterial metabolic gas molecules will pave a way to developing an effective platform for bacteria detection in food safety monitoring. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Biosensing Approaches)
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Review

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99 pages, 21421 KiB  
Review
Carbon Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Functionalization and Sensing Applications
by Giorgio Speranza
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(4), 967; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano11040967 - 09 Apr 2021
Cited by 127 | Viewed by 11540
Abstract
Recent advances in nanomaterial design and synthesis has resulted in robust sensing systems that display superior analytical performance. The use of nanomaterials within sensors has accelerated new routes and opportunities for the detection of analytes or target molecules. Among others, carbon-based sensors have [...] Read more.
Recent advances in nanomaterial design and synthesis has resulted in robust sensing systems that display superior analytical performance. The use of nanomaterials within sensors has accelerated new routes and opportunities for the detection of analytes or target molecules. Among others, carbon-based sensors have reported biocompatibility, better sensitivity, better selectivity and lower limits of detection to reveal a wide range of organic and inorganic molecules. Carbon nanomaterials are among the most extensively studied materials because of their unique properties spanning from the high specific surface area, high carrier mobility, high electrical conductivity, flexibility, and optical transparency fostering their use in sensing applications. In this paper, a comprehensive review has been made to cover recent developments in the field of carbon-based nanomaterials for sensing applications. The review describes nanomaterials like fullerenes, carbon onions, carbon quantum dots, nanodiamonds, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. Synthesis of these nanostructures has been discussed along with their functionalization methods. The recent application of all these nanomaterials in sensing applications has been highlighted for the principal applicative field and the future prospects and possibilities have been outlined. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Biosensing Approaches)
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16 pages, 3639 KiB  
Review
Carbon Dots-Based Logic Gates
by Shweta Pawar, Hamootal Duadi, Yafit Fleger and Dror Fixler
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(1), 232; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano11010232 - 17 Jan 2021
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3659
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs)-based logic gates are smart nanoprobes that can respond to various analytes such as metal cations, anions, amino acids, pesticides, antioxidants, etc. Most of these logic gates are based on fluorescence techniques because they are inexpensive, give an instant response, and [...] Read more.
Carbon dots (CDs)-based logic gates are smart nanoprobes that can respond to various analytes such as metal cations, anions, amino acids, pesticides, antioxidants, etc. Most of these logic gates are based on fluorescence techniques because they are inexpensive, give an instant response, and highly sensitive. Computations based on molecular logic can lead to advancement in modern science. This review focuses on different logic functions based on the sensing abilities of CDs and their synthesis. We also discuss the sensing mechanism of these logic gates and bring different types of possible logic operations. This review envisions that CDs-based logic gates have a promising future in computing nanodevices. In addition, we cover the advancement in CDs-based logic gates with the focus of understanding the fundamentals of how CDs have the potential for performing various logic functions depending upon their different categories. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Biosensing Approaches)
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29 pages, 9504 KiB  
Review
A Review of Graphene-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Biosensors: Current Status and Future Prospects
by Devi Taufiq Nurrohman and Nan-Fu Chiu
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(1), 216; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano11010216 - 15 Jan 2021
Cited by 70 | Viewed by 6633
Abstract
The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor has become a powerful analytical tool for investigating biomolecular interactions. There are several methods to excite surface plasmon, such as coupling with prisms, fiber optics, grating, nanoparticles, etc. The challenge in developing this type of biosensor is [...] Read more.
The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor has become a powerful analytical tool for investigating biomolecular interactions. There are several methods to excite surface plasmon, such as coupling with prisms, fiber optics, grating, nanoparticles, etc. The challenge in developing this type of biosensor is to increase its sensitivity. In relation to this, graphene is one of the materials that is widely studied because of its unique properties. In several studies, this material has been proven theoretically and experimentally to increase the sensitivity of SPR. This paper discusses the current development of a graphene-based SPR biosensor for various excitation methods. The discussion begins with a discussion regarding the properties of graphene in general and its use in biosensors. Simulation and experimental results of several excitation methods are presented. Furthermore, the discussion regarding the SPR biosensor is expanded by providing a review regarding graphene-based Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) biosensor to provide an overview of the development of materials in the biosensor in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Biosensing Approaches)
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