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Nanomaterials
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Doping in Systems Derived by Chemical or Physical Deposition Techniques...
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Doping in Systems Derived by Chemical or Physical Deposition Techniques for Environmental and Energy Application

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Nanoscience and Nanotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2021) | Viewed by 8913

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Stanislav Kurajica

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: nanomaterials; ceramics; glass-ceramics; catalysts; pigments; advanced methods of chemical synthesis; structure; optical properties; thermal properties; XRD; thermal analysis
Dr. Vilko Mandić

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: nanomaterials; thin-films/coatings; composites; ceramics; (micro)structure; GIXRD; spectroscopies; catalysts; sol-gel/wet-chemistry; chemical and physical depositions; solar-cells; hybrid-OPV; supercapacitors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Esteemed colleagues, you are invited to contribute to the Special issue “Doping in Systems Derived by Chemical or Physical Deposition Techniques for Environmental and Energy Application”. This special issue welcomes novel manuscripts dealing with previously unpublished advances in the following areas:

1. Functionality—applicability for solar cells, catalysis, sensors, sorbents, pigments, etc. based on enhancing of charge transfer efficiency, mobility, recombination hindering, etc.

2. Synthesis—slight modifications of the compositions by means of substitutional, interstitial, or surface defect-based doping, including precursors and post-processing.

3. Deposition—control of doping in films deposited using chemical methods (self-assembly, chelation, sol-gel, solvothermal, coatings, castings, etc.) and physical methods (ablation, sputtering, evaporation, atomic, vapor, etc.).

4. Compatibility—interfacing issues (surface compatibility, boundary conditions) in the area of composites based on doped materials.

5. Characterization—techniques monitoring (micro)structural, optoelectronic, mechanochemical, catalytic, thermodynamic, and other material’s repercussions that may be modified as a consequence of the doping.

6. Design—novel systems in terms of modeling compositions, compounds, morphologies, etc. and novel in-situ or in-operando experiments for multi-technique monitoring of reaction kinetics, stability, aging, etc. all as a consequence of the doping.

Prof. Dr. Stanislav Kurajica
Dr. Vilko Mandić
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • doping
  • sol-gel
  • chemical deposition
  • physical deposition
  • catalysis
  • environmental application
  • energy application
  • stability
  • sorbents

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 4398 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Nanoarchitectonics of Novel Squaraine Derivatives for Organic Photovoltaic Devices
by Dragana Vuk, Floren Radovanović-Perić, Vilko Mandić, Vilma Lovrinčević, Thomas Rath, Ivana Panžić and Jerome Le-Cunff
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(7), 1206; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano12071206 - 04 Apr 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2063
Abstract
Necessary advancements in the area of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices include the upgrade of power conversion efficiencies (PCE) and stability. One answer to these demands lies in the research into new absorbers. Here, we focus on the development of new small molecule absorbers [...] Read more.
Necessary advancements in the area of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices include the upgrade of power conversion efficiencies (PCE) and stability. One answer to these demands lies in the research into new absorbers. Here, we focus on the development of new small molecule absorbers from the group of squaraines (SQs). These modular absorbers can be applied as donors in organic solar cells and have the ability to utilize a broad range of solar radiation if blended with suitable acceptors. In order to allow for the compatibility and favorable organization of donor and acceptor in the absorber layer, we intend to optimize the structure of the SQ by varying the groups attached to the squaric acid core. For that purpose, we accordingly developed a well-suited synthesis route. The novel alkyl- and benzyl-substituted aryl aminosquaraines were synthesized through an improved and eco-friendly procedure. Special emphasis was placed on optimizing the amination reaction to obtain initial precursors in the synthesis of squaraine, avoiding hitherto common catalytic processes. All SQ precursors and SQ products were completely described. The derived SQs were additionally characterized in thin-film configuration using cyclic voltammetry and UV-VIS spectroscopy and then processed to prepare self-standing bulk heterojunction (BHJ) thin films in conjunction with fullerene-based electron acceptors, which were characterized via profilometry. The comparison between SQ and BHJ solutions and thin films, using atomic force microscopy and UV-VIS spectroscopy, revealed differences in susceptibility for the organization and orientation of the constituting domains. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Doping in Systems Derived by Chemical or Physical Deposition Techniques for Environmental and Energy Application)
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18 pages, 7535 KiB  
Article
Electrical Transport in Iron Phosphate-Based Glass-(Ceramics): Insights into the Role of B2O3 and HfO2 from Model-Free Scaling Procedures
by Arijeta Bafti, Shiro Kubuki, Hüseyin Ertap, Mustafa Yüksek, Mevlüt Karabulut, Andrea Moguš-Milanković and Luka Pavić
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(4), 639; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano12040639 - 14 Feb 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1481
Abstract
In this work, we report the effect of the addition of modifiers and network formers on the polaronic transport in iron phosphate glasses (IPG) in two systems of HfO2–B2O3–Fe2O3–P2O5, [...] Read more.
In this work, we report the effect of the addition of modifiers and network formers on the polaronic transport in iron phosphate glasses (IPG) in two systems of HfO2–B2O3–Fe2O3–P2O5, to which up to 8 mol% boron and hafnium are added. The addition of oxides significantly changes the Fe2+/Fetotal ratio, thus directly affecting the polaron number density and consequently controlling DC conductivity trends for both series studied by impedance spectroscopy. Moreover, we found that short-range polaron dynamics are also under the influence of structural changes. Therefore, we have studied them in detail using model-free scaling procedures, Summerfield and Sidebottom scaling. An attempt to construct a super-master curve revealed that in addition to change in polaron number density, also the polaron hopping lengths change, and Sidebottom scaling yields a super-master curve. The spatial extent of the localized motion of polarons is correlated with polaron number density and two distinct regions are observed. A strong increase in the spatial extent of the polaron hopping jump could be related either to the structural changes due to the addition of HfO2 and B2O3 and their effects on the formation of polarons or to an inherent property of polaron transport in IP glasses with low polaron number density. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Doping in Systems Derived by Chemical or Physical Deposition Techniques for Environmental and Energy Application)
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21 pages, 8060 KiB  
Article
Humidity Sensing Ceria Thin-Films
by Vilko Mandić, Arijeta Bafti, Luka Pavić, Ivana Panžić, Stanislav Kurajica, Jakov-Stjepan Pavelić, Zhen Shi, Katarina Mužina and Ivana Katarina Ivković
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(3), 521; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano12030521 - 02 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2050
Abstract
Lowering the constitutive domains of semiconducting oxides to the nano-range has recently opened up the possibility of added benefit in the research area of sensing materials, in terms both of greater specific surface area and pore volume. Among such nanomaterials, ceria has attracted [...] Read more.
Lowering the constitutive domains of semiconducting oxides to the nano-range has recently opened up the possibility of added benefit in the research area of sensing materials, in terms both of greater specific surface area and pore volume. Among such nanomaterials, ceria has attracted much attention; therefore, we chemically derived homogeneous ceria nanoparticle slurries. One set of samples was tape-casted onto a conducting glass substrate to form thin-films of various thicknesses, thereby avoiding demanding reaction conditions typical of physical depositions, while the other was pressed into pellets. Structural and microstructural features, along with electrical properties and derivative humidity-sensing performance of ceria thin-films and powders pressed into pellets, were studied in detail. Particular attention was given to solid-state impedance spectroscopy (SS-IS), under controlled relative humidity (RH) from 30%–85%, in a wide temperature and frequency range. Moreover, for the thin-film setup, measurements were performed in surface-mode and cross-section-mode. From the results, we extrapolated the influence of composition on relative humidity, the role of configuration and thin-film thickness on electrical properties, and derivative humidity-sensing performance. The structural analysis and depth profiling both point to monophasic crystalline ceria. Microstructure analysis reveals slightly agglomerated spherical particles and thin-films with low surface roughness. Under controlled humidity, the shape of the conductivity spectrum stays the same along with an increase in RH, and a notable shift to higher conductivity values. The relaxation is slow, as the thickness of the pellet slows the return of conductivity values. The increase in humidity has a positive effect on the overall DC conductivity, similar to the temperature effect for semiconducting behavior. As for the surface measurement setup, the thin-film thickness impacts the shape of the spectra and electrical processes. The surface measurement setup turns out to be more sensitive to relative humidity changes, emphasized with higher RH, along with an increase in thin-film thickness. The moisture directly affects the conductivity spectra in the dispersion part, i.e., on the localized short-range charge carriers. Moisture sensitivity is a reversible process for thin-film samples, in contrast to pellet form samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Doping in Systems Derived by Chemical or Physical Deposition Techniques for Environmental and Energy Application)
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11 pages, 3606 KiB  
Article
3D Networks of Ge Quantum Wires in Amorphous Alumina Matrix
by Lovro Basioli, Marija Tkalčević, Iva Bogdanović-Radović, Goran Dražić, Peter Nadazdy, Peter Siffalovic, Krešimir Salamon and Maja Mičetić
Nanomaterials 2020, 10(7), 1363; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/nano10071363 - 13 Jul 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2466
Abstract
Recently demonstrated 3D networks of Ge quantum wires in an alumina matrix, produced by a simple magnetron sputtering deposition enables the realization of nanodevices with tailored conductivity and opto-electrical properties. Their growth and ordering mechanisms as well as possibilities in the design of [...] Read more.
Recently demonstrated 3D networks of Ge quantum wires in an alumina matrix, produced by a simple magnetron sputtering deposition enables the realization of nanodevices with tailored conductivity and opto-electrical properties. Their growth and ordering mechanisms as well as possibilities in the design of their structure have not been explored yet. Here, we investigate a broad range of deposition conditions leading to the formation of such quantum wire networks. The resulting structures show an extraordinary tenability of the networks’ geometrical properties. These properties are easily controllable by deposition temperature and Ge concentration. The network’s geometry is shown to retain the same basic structure, adjusting its parameters according to Ge concentration in the material. In addition, the networks’ growth and ordering mechanisms are explained. Furthermore, optical measurements demonstrate that the presented networks show strong confinement effects controllable by their geometrical parameters. Interestingly, energy shift is the largest for the longest quantum wires, and quantum wire length is the main parameter for control of confinement. Presented results demonstrate a method to produce unique materials with designable properties by a simple self-assembled growth method and reveal a self-assembling growth mechanism of novel 3D ordered Ge nanostructures with highly designable optical properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Doping in Systems Derived by Chemical or Physical Deposition Techniques for Environmental and Energy Application)
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