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Pathogens
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Advanced Research on Poultry Diseases
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Advanced Research on Poultry Diseases

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 April 2023) | Viewed by 6779

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Dan Heller

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
Interests: avian immunology; immunopathology; poultry diseases; viral vaccines
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Poultry meat and eggs are rich in nutrition and now serve as the most important source of animal-derived proteins for humans; the demand for poultry and related food products also continues to grow. In recent years, many infectious diseases have caused widespread infections in the poultry industry worldwide. Poultry diseases are closely related to human diseases, possibly causing human infection or even death. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the research on poultry diseases and prevent them in time.

This Special Issue will focus to update on the recent research on poultry diseases caused by different pathogens including viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi, and cover all aspects related to infectious diseases, such as pathogenesis, immunity, present and future vaccines, epidemiology, new methods of diagnosis, prevention and control, etc. Both research articles and literature reviews are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Dan Heller
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • poultry diseases
  • pathogens
  • virus
  • bacteria
  • mycoplasma
  • parasites
  • fungi
  • immunity
  • antibodies
  • vaccines
  • recombinant viruses
  • sub-unite vaccines
  • epidemiological methods
  • diagnosis
  • molecular diagnosis methods
  • biosecurity
  • prevention

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 15917 KiB  
Article
XENOFOOD—An Autoclaved Feed Supplement Containing Autoclavable Antimicrobial Peptides—Exerts Anticoccidial GI Activity, and Causes Bursa Enlargement, but Has No Detectable Harmful Effects in Broiler Cockerels despite In Vitro Detectable Cytotoxicity on LHM Cells
by András Fodor, Tibor Vellai, Claudia Hess, László Makrai, Károly Dublecz, László Pál, Andor Molnár, Michael G. Klein, Eustachio Tarasco, Sándor Józsa, Petra Ganas and Michael Hess
Pathogens 2023, 12(3), 458; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pathogens12030458 - 14 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1728
Abstract
Entomopathogenic bacteria are obligate symbionts of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species. These bacteria biosynthesize and release non-ribosomal-templated hybrid peptides (NR-AMPs), with strong, and large-spectral antimicrobial potential, capable of inactivating pathogens belonging to different prokaryote, and eukaryote taxa. The cell-free conditioned culture media (CFCM) of [...] Read more.
Entomopathogenic bacteria are obligate symbionts of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species. These bacteria biosynthesize and release non-ribosomal-templated hybrid peptides (NR-AMPs), with strong, and large-spectral antimicrobial potential, capable of inactivating pathogens belonging to different prokaryote, and eukaryote taxa. The cell-free conditioned culture media (CFCM) of Xenorhabdus budapestensis and X. szentirmaii efficiently inactivate poultry pathogens like Clostridium, Histomonas, and Eimeria. To learn whether a bio-preparation containing antimicrobial peptides of Xenorhabdus origin with accompanying (in vitro detectable) cytotoxic effects could be considered a safely applicable preventive feed supplement, we conducted a 42-day feeding experiment on freshly hatched broiler cockerels. XENOFOOD (containing autoclaved X. budapestensis, and X. szentirmaii cultures developed on chicken food) were consumed by the birds. The XENOFOOD exerted detectable gastrointestinal (GI) activity (reducing the numbers of the colony-forming Clostridium perfringens units in the lower jejunum. No animal was lost in the experiment. Neither the body weight, growth rate, feed-conversion ratio, nor organ-weight data differed between the control (C) and treated (T) groups, indicating that the XENOFOOD diet did not result in any detectable adverse effects. We suppose that the parameters indicating a moderate enlargement of bursas of Fabricius (average weight, size, and individual bursa/spleen weight-ratios) in the XENOFOOD-fed group must be an indirect indication that the bursa-controlled humoral immune system neutralized the cytotoxic ingredients of the XENOFOOD in the blood, not allowing to reach their critical cytotoxic concentration in the sensitive tissues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research on Poultry Diseases)
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14 pages, 2244 KiB  
Article
Dietary Weizmannia coagulans Strain SANK70258 Ameliorates Coccidial Symptoms and Improves Intestinal Barrier Functions of Broilers by Modulating the Intestinal Immunity and the Gut Microbiota
by Masanori Aida, Ryouichi Yamada, Toshiki Matsuo, Itaru Taniguchi, Shin-ichi Nakamura and Takamitsu Tsukahara
Pathogens 2023, 12(1), 96; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pathogens12010096 - 6 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1640
Abstract
To determine the mechanisms by which Weizmannia coagulans SANK70258 (WC) supplementation improved growth performance and coccidial symptoms, we assessed the gene expressions and the microbiota compositions in the small intestinal tissues and digestas of coccidium-infected broilers previously given WC or lasalocid-A sodium (AM). [...] Read more.
To determine the mechanisms by which Weizmannia coagulans SANK70258 (WC) supplementation improved growth performance and coccidial symptoms, we assessed the gene expressions and the microbiota compositions in the small intestinal tissues and digestas of coccidium-infected broilers previously given WC or lasalocid-A sodium (AM). WC supplementation significantly upregulated the gene expressions related to intestinal immunity and barrier functions, such as IL17A, IL17F, IL10, cathelicidin-2 and pIgR. Body weights, and Claudin-1 and IL10 expressions were positively correlated (r = 0.41, p < 0.05 and r = 0.37, p = 0.06, respectively), whereas lesion scores of the small intestine and IL17A expression were negatively correlated (r = −0.33, p = 0.09). The microbiota analysis detected that genus Alistipes was more abundant in WC-supplemented broilers than in control, and positively correlated with body weights and Claudin-1 expression (r = 0.61, p < 0.05 and r = 0.51, p < 0.05, respectively). Intriguingly, genus Enterococcus was most abundant in WC-supplemented broilers and positively correlated with IL17A expression (r = 0.49, p < 0.05). Interestingly, Escherichia-Shigella was significantly more abundant in the small intestinal digestas of AM-administered broilers than in those of control. To summarize, WC supplementation modulated and immunostimulated the microbiotas of broilers, specifically genera Alistipes and Enterococcus, which led to the improvement of weight gain and coccidial symptoms, without disrupting the intestinal microbiota compositions, as AM did. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research on Poultry Diseases)
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12 pages, 3155 KiB  
Article
Xiaochaihu Decoction Treatment of Chicken Colibacillosis by Improving Pulmonary Inflammation and Systemic Inflammation
by Ke Song, Jiang Li, Yuerong Tan, Jiaying Yu, Miao Li, Siyang Shen, Luyuan Peng, Pengfei Yi and Bendong Fu
Pathogens 2023, 12(1), 30; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pathogens12010030 - 25 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2888
Abstract
Chicken colibacillosis—the most common disease of poultry, is caused mainly by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). It has a major impact on the poultry industry worldwide. The present study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic effects of Xiaochaihu Decoction (XCHD) supplementation on clinical [...] Read more.
Chicken colibacillosis—the most common disease of poultry, is caused mainly by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). It has a major impact on the poultry industry worldwide. The present study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic effects of Xiaochaihu Decoction (XCHD) supplementation on clinical manifestation, organ index, bacterial load in organ and inflammatory mediators in a chicken model challenged with APEC. The results showed that all doses of XCHD significantly elevated the survival rate of infected chickens. XCHD improved the clinical signs of infected chickens, reduced the organ index, reduced the bacterial load of organs, and inhibited the secretion of serum and pulmonary inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF- α. Taken together, this study demonstrates that XCHD had protective effects on APEC-infected chickens. Its mechanism includes anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. These findings may contribute to the further study of the mechanism of the formula and the prevention or treatment of colibacillosis in poultry. The significance of this study is that it provides a certain theoretical basis for the replacement of antibiotics by XCHD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research on Poultry Diseases)
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