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Pathogens
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Virus-Host Interactions of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
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Virus-Host Interactions of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 March 2022) | Viewed by 28390

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Masfique Mehedi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
Interests: host-pathogen interactions; RSV, SARS-CoV-2, cytoskeletal inflammation, respiratory diseases, live-attenuated vaacine, HMPV, HPIV, IAV, organ-on-chip, air-liquid interface
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

RSV is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children younger than one year of age. RSV also causes significant respiratory illness in elderly and immunocompromised patients (e.g. with hematological malignancy and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients). RSV is considered to be a critical public health concern due to its high prevalence and the high degree of severe morbidity associated with RSV infection.

Despite more than 60 years having passed since the discovery of RSV, there are currently no vaccines or cost-effective therapeutics available. Newer approaches to identify therapeutics and treatments are needed to reduce the high morbidity caused by RSV. Recent insights into virus–host interactions, viral pathogenesis, and host immune responses are leading to the identification and development of a wide range of countermeasures to combat RSV infection.     

We would like to invite you to contribute to a Special Issue on the Virus–Host Interactions of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). The Special Issue will focus on virus–host interactions relevant to RSV infection and how studies in cell biology and immunology have accelerated knowledge in this area. In this Special Issue, we welcome the RSV community to submit research articles, reviews, or short communications related to all aspects of RSV–host interactions: cellular signaling, cytoskeletal dynamics, clinical studies, molecular biology and pathogenesis of RSV, viral immunity, vaccines, and anti-viral therapeutics.  

Dr. Masfique Mehedi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Respiratory syncytial virus
  • viral pathogenesis
  • virus–host interactions
  • cellular signaling
  • cytoskeletal dynamics
  • immunology
  • human leukocyte antigen
  • animal models
  • vaccine
  • therapeutics.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Review

12 pages, 2690 KiB  
Review
Role of ARP2/3 Complex-Driven Actin Polymerization in RSV Infection
by Autumn Paluck, Jaspreet Osan, Lauren Hollingsworth, Sattya Narayan Talukdar, Ali Al Saegh and Masfique Mehedi
Pathogens 2022, 11(1), 26; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pathogens11010026 - 26 Dec 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 7390
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading viral agent causing bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children under five years old worldwide. The RSV infection cycle starts with macropinocytosis-based entry into the host airway epithelial cell membrane, followed by virus transcription, replication, assembly, budding, and [...] Read more.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading viral agent causing bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children under five years old worldwide. The RSV infection cycle starts with macropinocytosis-based entry into the host airway epithelial cell membrane, followed by virus transcription, replication, assembly, budding, and spread. It is not surprising that the host actin cytoskeleton contributes to different stages of the RSV replication cycle. RSV modulates actin-related protein 2/3 (ARP2/3) complex-driven actin polymerization for a robust filopodia induction on the infected lung epithelial A549 cells, which contributes to the virus’s budding, and cell-to-cell spread. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of RSV-induced cytoskeletal modulation and its role in lung pathobiology may identify novel intervention strategies. This review will focus on the role of the ARP2/3 complex in RSV’s pathogenesis and possible therapeutic targets to the ARP2/3 complex for RSV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Virus-Host Interactions of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV))
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17 pages, 905 KiB  
Review
Contribution of Resident Memory CD8+ T Cells to Protective Immunity against Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Their Impact on Vaccine Design
by Angello Retamal-Díaz, Camila Covián, Gaspar A. Pacheco, Angelo T. Castiglione-Matamala, Susan M. Bueno, Pablo A. González and Alexis M. Kalergis
Pathogens 2019, 8(3), 147; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pathogens8030147 - 11 Sep 2019
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 5132
Abstract
Worldwide, human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common etiological agent for acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI). RSV-ALRI is the major cause of hospital admissions in young children, and it can cause in-hospital deaths in children younger than six months old. [...] Read more.
Worldwide, human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common etiological agent for acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI). RSV-ALRI is the major cause of hospital admissions in young children, and it can cause in-hospital deaths in children younger than six months old. Therefore, RSV remains one of the pathogens deemed most important for the generation of a vaccine. On the other hand, the effectiveness of a vaccine depends on the development of immunological memory against the pathogenic agent of interest. This memory is achieved by long-lived memory T cells, based on the establishment of an effective immune response to viral infections when subsequent exposures to the pathogen take place. Memory T cells can be classified into three subsets according to their expression of lymphoid homing receptors: central memory cells (TCM), effector memory cells (TEM) and resident memory T cells (TRM). The latter subset consists of cells that are permanently found in non-lymphoid tissues and are capable of recognizing antigens and mounting an effective immune response at those sites. TRM cells activate both innate and adaptive immune responses, thus establishing a robust and rapid response characterized by the production of large amounts of effector molecules. TRM cells can also recognize antigenically unrelated pathogens and trigger an innate-like alarm with the recruitment of other immune cells. It is noteworthy that this rapid and effective immune response induced by TRM cells make these cells an interesting aim in the design of vaccination strategies in order to establish TRM cell populations to prevent respiratory infectious diseases. Here, we discuss the biogenesis of TRM cells, their contribution to the resolution of respiratory viral infections and the induction of TRM cells, which should be considered for the rational design of new vaccines against RSV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Virus-Host Interactions of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV))
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25 pages, 918 KiB  
Review
Airway Epithelial Derived Cytokines and Chemokines and Their Role in the Immune Response to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
by Lena Glaser, Patricia J. Coulter, Michael Shields, Olivier Touzelet, Ultan F. Power and Lindsay Broadbent
Pathogens 2019, 8(3), 106; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pathogens8030106 - 19 Jul 2019
Cited by 46 | Viewed by 7894
Abstract
The airway epithelium is the primary target of respiratory syncytial virus infection. It is an important component of the antiviral immune response. It contributes to the recruitment and activation of innate immune cells from the periphery through the secretion of cytokines and chemokines. [...] Read more.
The airway epithelium is the primary target of respiratory syncytial virus infection. It is an important component of the antiviral immune response. It contributes to the recruitment and activation of innate immune cells from the periphery through the secretion of cytokines and chemokines. This paper provides a broad review of the cytokines and chemokines secreted from human airway epithelial cell models during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection based on a comprehensive literature review. Epithelium-derived chemokines constitute most inflammatory mediators secreted from the epithelium during RSV infection. This suggests chemo-attraction of peripheral immune cells, such as monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and natural killer cells as a key function of the epithelium. The reports of epithelium-derived cytokines are limited. Recent research has started to identify novel cytokines, the functions of which remain largely unknown in the wider context of the RSV immune response. It is argued that the correct choice of in vitro models used for investigations of epithelial immune functions during RSV infection could facilitate greater progress in this field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Virus-Host Interactions of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV))
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15 pages, 815 KiB  
Review
A Contemporary View of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Biology and Strain-Specific Differences
by Mansi C. Pandya, Sean M. Callahan, Kyryll G. Savchenko and Christopher C. Stobart
Pathogens 2019, 8(2), 67; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/pathogens8020067 - 21 May 2019
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 7104
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a human respiratory pathogen which remains a leading viral cause of hospitalizations and mortality among infants in their first year of life. Here, we review the biology of RSV, the primary laboratory isolates or strains which have been [...] Read more.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a human respiratory pathogen which remains a leading viral cause of hospitalizations and mortality among infants in their first year of life. Here, we review the biology of RSV, the primary laboratory isolates or strains which have been used to best characterize the virus since its discovery in 1956, and discuss the implications for genetic and functional variations between the established laboratory strains and the recently identified clinical isolates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Virus-Host Interactions of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV))
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