Kierkegaard’s Religious Thought in Relation to Current Religious Discourse

A special issue of Philosophies (ISSN 2409-9287).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 2680

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Guest Editor
Department of Theology, Lancaster Theological Seminary, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA
Interests: reformed theology; nineteenth century Protestant theology; Søren Kierkegaard; theology and aesthetics; philosophical theology
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Guest Editor
Institute of Philosophy, Uniwersytet Warminsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie, 10-725 Olsztyn, Poland
Interests: philosophy of existence "with constant reference" to Søren Kierkegaard; philosophical anthropology; philosophy of religion; philosophy of culture; philosophy of the 19th and 20th centuries

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Kierkegaard described himself as a religious author whose entire work revolves around becoming a Christian in Christendom (The Point of View, Princeton 1998, p. 90). A significant part of his writings is devoted to this task, and he created an original, impressive, multi-threaded and multi-dimensional discourse from the intersection of philosophy, theology, literature and critical theory to accomplish his aim.

Kierkegaard addressed many crucial modern issues concerning faith and religion (especially Christianity) in his work, and his existential reflections on the place, role and meaning of religion in the life of an individual and society proved to be very inspiring for all of 20th century Western religious thought. All the following issues (and many other, more specific, ones) remain a vivid legacy of Kierkegaard’s religious thought, with new analyses of them being constantly undertaken:

  • The inward, passionate and paradoxical nature of faith;
  • The infinite qualitative difference between God and man;
  • The indirect nature of religious communication and Christianity as an existence-communication;
  • The subjective and existential dimension of religious truth;
  • Anxiety and despair as religious categories connected with the concept of sin and freedom;
  • The dialectical dimension of the human self before God;
  • The universal-human (first) ethics of common good versus the Christian (second) ethics of love;
  • The relation of the self to religious communities.

Of course, one should take care when talking about Kierkegaard’s religious thought as some kind of entirety. On the one hand, he did not create any closed system of knowledge, and even more, he was a fierce enemy of purely speculative thinking distanced from the life of an individual—the kind that resolves in a purely theoretical way the most important questions concerning the human relationship with God. On the other hand, his thinking in respect of the abovementioned issues, despite the partly pseudonymous, fragmentary and digressive character of his work, seems to be remarkably consistent, and allows scholars to develop a certain coherent viewpoint related to the most important questions being addressed today within both continental and analytic religious discourse—for example:

  • The relation between ethics, religion, the state and the law in the life of an individual and society;
  • Religious diversity, religious tolerance, religious attitudes and religious fundamentalism;
  • The return of religion and the end of religion;
  • Nature and the phenomena of religious and spiritual life;
  • The problem of the existence of God and evil—the problem of theodicy;
  • Apophatic theology and the question of the hiddenness of God;
  • Postmodern theology and philosophy of religion; the theological turn in French phenomenology;
  • Scientific truth versus religious truth;
  • The meaningfulness of religious language.

Although Kierkegaard’s religious thought has been the subject of much interesting research in the existing literature on his work, the issues he raised still demand new readings in a changing historical and socio-cultural perspective. Therefore, we would encourage potential contributors to this Special Issue to take up and rethink the most important questions related to Kierkegaard’s religious thought. It would be especially valuable if there were essays considering his theses with regard to the problems undertaken in current religious discourse in philosophy, theology and other human sciences, with the hope of finding in his thought interesting arguments and solutions to ongoing discussions and debates. Nevertheless, any text analyzing Kierkegaard’s religious thought is of course welcome for submission.

Prof. Dr. Lee C. Barrett
Dr. Andrzej Słowikowski
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Kierkegaard
  • religion
  • faith
  • Christianity
  • religious discourse
  • philosophy of religion
  • contemporary philosophy
  • contemporary theology

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 301 KiB  
Article
Kierkegaard’s Theories of the Stages of Existence and Subjective Truth as a Model for Further Research into the Phenomenology of Religious Attitudes
by Andrzej Słowikowski
Philosophies 2024, 9(2), 35; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/philosophies9020035 - 08 Mar 2024
Viewed by 997
Abstract
There are many religions in the human world, and people manifest their religiousness in many different ways. The main problem this paper addresses concerns the possibility of sorting out this complex world of human religiousness by showing that it can be phenomenologically reduced [...] Read more.
There are many religions in the human world, and people manifest their religiousness in many different ways. The main problem this paper addresses concerns the possibility of sorting out this complex world of human religiousness by showing that it can be phenomenologically reduced to a few very basic existential attitudes. These attitudes express the main types of ways in which a human being relates to his or herself and the world, independently of the worldview or religion professed by the individual. I use Kierkegaard’s theories of the stages of existence and subjective truth as a model. The theory of the stages of existence provides five basic existential attitudes on the basis of which religious attitudes can develop: spiritlessness, the aesthetic, the ethical, religiousness A, and religiousness B. The theory of subjective truth shows how the concept of truth functions in an ethical and existential sense as the personal truth of an individual engaged in building their religious identity. In turn, I discuss the problem of the relation of Kierkegaard’s philosophy to phenomenology, briefly introduce his concept of subjective truth and the stages of existence, and show how existential attitudes can be transformed into religious ones. I also consider the problem of the demonic as the inverted order of this anthropological and existential model. Finally, I argue that the model developed herein may be useful for further research into the phenomenology of religious attitudes. Full article
19 pages, 296 KiB  
Article
Thankfulness: Kierkegaard’s First-Person Approach to the Problem of Evil
by Heiko Schulz
Philosophies 2024, 9(2), 32; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/philosophies9020032 - 01 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1117
Abstract
The present paper argues that, despite appearance to the contrary, Kierkegaard’s writings offer promising argumentational resources for addressing the problem of evil. According to Kierkegaard, however, in order to make use of these resources at all, one must necessarily be willing to shift [...] Read more.
The present paper argues that, despite appearance to the contrary, Kierkegaard’s writings offer promising argumentational resources for addressing the problem of evil. According to Kierkegaard, however, in order to make use of these resources at all, one must necessarily be willing to shift the battleground, so to speak: from a third- to a genuine first-person perspective, namely the perspective of what Climacus dubs Religiousness A. All (yet also only) those who seek deliberate self-annihilation before God—a God in relation to whom they perceive themselves always in the wrong—shall discover the ideal that an unwavering and in fact unconditional thankfulness (namely, for being forgiven) is to be considered the only appropriate attitude towards God and as such both necessary and sufficient for coming to terms with evil and suffering, at least in the life of someone making that discovery. I will argue that Kierkegaard’s (non-)pseudonymous writings provide reasons, at times unwittingly, for adopting the perspective of Religiousness A; however, I will also and ultimately argue that the principle of infinite thankfulness as a corollary of that perspective flounders when it comes to making sense of (the eschatological implications of) the suffering of others. Full article
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