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Photonics
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Technologies and Applications of Biophotonics
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Technologies and Applications of Biophotonics

A special issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732). This special issue belongs to the section "Biophotonics and Biomedical Optics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 September 2024 | Viewed by 8685

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Chen Bai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710119, China
Interests: optical microscopy; deep learning; compressive sensing; computational imaging; biomedical imaging
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yuecheng Shen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
Interests: optical imaging; wavefront shaping; imaging/focusing through scattering media
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yichen Ding

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
Interests: optical microscopy; tomography; image post-processing; machine learning; interactive visualization
Dr. Haixia Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
Interests: nano–bio interface; protein corona; bioimaging; nanoprobe; drug delivery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Optical microscopy has brought revolutionary progress to life science and medical research. In recent years, bio-photonics has emerged and become an interdisciplinary subject which utilizes the principles and technologies of photonics to explore life sciences. One of the development priorities of bio-photonics is to apply various optical systems and technologies for recognition and multimodal imaging at high temporal and spatial resolution. By utilizing these techniques, the structures and functions of biological tissues can be visualized to achieve disease diagnosis at macro–micro scales. With the rapid development of optoelectronic technologies, computational imaging and artificial intelligence, the performance of bio-photonics and related multimodal imaging has been progressing significantly, providing a powerful tool for clinical and biomedical research. Therefore, advanced bio-photonic technology has a very important application prospect in the fields of life science exploration, clinical diagnosis, and functional imaging. In order to focus on the latest research progress in optical microscopy and multimodal imaging technology, and to promote interdisciplinary integration and the development of bio-photonics, we welcome original research articles and reviews for submission to this Special Issue. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Quantitative phase imaging
  • Three-dimensional imaging
  • Super resolution imaging
  • Optical focusing and imaging within or through scatters
  • Multi-photon imaging
  • Multi-mode and multi-functional imaging
  • Artificial intelligence and deep learning for bio-photonics
  • Compressed ultrafast microscopy
  • Spatial light modulation and PSF engineering for microscopy
  • Polarization of light in biomedical applications
  • Light-field microscopy
  • Hyperspectral imaging
  • Photoacoustic tomography

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Chen Bai
Dr. Yuecheng Shen
Dr. Yichen Ding
Dr. Haixia Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Photonics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • digital holography
  • light-sheet microscopy
  • structured illumination microscopy
  • two/multi-photon microscopy
  • fluorescence microscopy
  • computational imaging
  • spatial light modulation
  • polarization imaging
  • photoacoustic tomography

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 2687 KiB  
Article
Optical Manipulation of Fibroblasts with Femtosecond Pulse and CW Laser
by Xia Zhang, Yi Wu, Siao Cai and Guoying Feng
Photonics 2024, 11(3), 248; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/photonics11030248 - 11 Mar 2024
Viewed by 781
Abstract
Using tight focusing light, optical tweezers (OT) are tools that can manipulate and capture microscopic particles and biological cells as well as characterize a wide range of micro and nanomaterials. In this paper, we focused on fibroblasts, which are widely used in the [...] Read more.
Using tight focusing light, optical tweezers (OT) are tools that can manipulate and capture microscopic particles and biological cells as well as characterize a wide range of micro and nanomaterials. In this paper, we focused on fibroblasts, which are widely used in the biomedical area for a variety of purposes, including promoting human wound healing and preventing the early proliferation of tumor cells. We first built an optical tweezer experimental platform, using an 808 nm continuous-wave laser as the capture light source, to confirm that the device can precisely control the movement of single or multiple particles as well as fibroblasts. Then, a 1030 nm femtosecond laser was employed as the capture light source to study the manipulation of microparticles and fibroblasts at different powers. Lastly, a protracted manipulation protocol was used to prevent the fibroblasts from adhering to the wall. This method can be used to isolate and precisely block adherent growth of fibroblasts in cell populations. This experimental result can be further extended to other biological cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technologies and Applications of Biophotonics)
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14 pages, 3928 KiB  
Article
Probing Layered Tissues by Backscattering Mueller Matrix Imaging and Tissue Optical Clearing
by Qizhi Lai, Tongjun Bu, Tongyu Huang, Yanan Sun, Yi Wang and Hui Ma
Photonics 2024, 11(3), 237; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/photonics11030237 - 05 Mar 2024
Viewed by 811
Abstract
Polarization imaging is a label-free and non-invasive technique that is sensitive to microstructure and suitable for probing the microstructure of living tissues. However, obtaining deep-layer information from tissues has been a challenge for optical techniques. In this work, we used tissue optical clearing [...] Read more.
Polarization imaging is a label-free and non-invasive technique that is sensitive to microstructure and suitable for probing the microstructure of living tissues. However, obtaining deep-layer information from tissues has been a challenge for optical techniques. In this work, we used tissue optical clearing (TOC) to increase optical penetration depth and characterize the layered structures of tissue samples. Different tissue phantoms were constructed to examine changes in the polarization features of the layered structure during the TOC process. We found that depolarization and anisotropy parameters were able to distinguish between single-layer and double-layer phantoms, reflecting microstructural information from each layer. We observed changes in polarization parameter images during the TOC process and, by analyzing different regions of the images, explained the sensitivity of these parameters to double-layer structures and analyzed the influence of oblique incident illumination. Finally, we conducted TOC experiments on living skin samples, leveraging the experience gained from phantom experiments to identify the double-layer structure of the skin and extract features related to layered structures. The results show that the combination of backscattering polarization imaging and tissue optical clearing provides a powerful tool for the characterization of layered samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technologies and Applications of Biophotonics)
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9 pages, 3910 KiB  
Communication
A Miniaturized Electrothermal-MEMS-Based Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Handheld Microscope
by Qian Chen, Hui Zhao, Tingxiang Qi, Hua Wang and Huikai Xie
Photonics 2024, 11(1), 17; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/photonics11010017 - 26 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1114
Abstract
Swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), benefiting from its high sensitivity, relatively large penetration depth, and non-contact and non-invasive imaging capability, is ideal for human skin imaging. However, limited by the size and performance of the reported optical galvanometer scanners, existing portable/handheld OCT probes [...] Read more.
Swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), benefiting from its high sensitivity, relatively large penetration depth, and non-contact and non-invasive imaging capability, is ideal for human skin imaging. However, limited by the size and performance of the reported optical galvanometer scanners, existing portable/handheld OCT probes are still bulky, which makes continuously handheld imaging difficult. Here, we reported a miniaturized electrothermal-MEMS-based SS-OCT microscope that only weighs about 25 g and has a cylinder with a diameter of 15 mm and a length of 40 mm. This MEMS-based handheld imaging probe can achieve a lateral resolution of 25 μm, a 3D imaging time of 5 s, a penetration depth of up to 3.3 mm, and an effective imaging field of view (FOV) of 3 × 3 mm2. We have carried out both calibration plate and biological tissue imaging experiments to test the imaging performance of this microscope. OCT imaging of leaves, dragonfly, and human skin has been successfully obtained, showing the imaging performance and potential applications of this probe on human skin in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technologies and Applications of Biophotonics)
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18 pages, 4822 KiB  
Article
Influence of the Spectral Composition of Illuminating Light Sources on Biometric and Phytochemical Characteristics of Ocimum basilicum L.
by Mariya Degtereva, Yevgeniy Levin, Anastasia Gubina, Aleksandr Degterev, Ivan Lamkin, Georgii Konoplev, Sergey Tarasov, Andrei Whaley, Anastasiia Whaley, Ivan Suloev, Alexandra Danilova, Konstantin Gusev and Denis Maimistov
Photonics 2023, 10(12), 1369; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/photonics10121369 - 13 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1208
Abstract
Precise adaptation of the greenhouse lighting spectrum to basic photophysiological processes can effectively and directionally stimulate plant growth and development. The optimal spectrum depends on the plant species and the stage of development and could be assessed empirically. The aim of this study [...] Read more.
Precise adaptation of the greenhouse lighting spectrum to basic photophysiological processes can effectively and directionally stimulate plant growth and development. The optimal spectrum depends on the plant species and the stage of development and could be assessed empirically. The aim of this study is to determine the LED illumination spectrum that provides a significant improvement in the growth rate and accumulation of biologically active compounds for basil plants (Ocimum basilicum L.) under hydroponic cultivation compared to more traditional lighting sources. The following light sources with various emission spectra were used: an LED lamp within a spectral range of 400–800 nm (B:G:R 15%:5%:80%); a high-pressure sodium lamp (HPS) (B:G:R 5%:45%:50%); a compact fluorescent lamp (B:G:R 20%:40%:40%); a grow LED strip (B:G:R 15%:40%:45%); a white LED lamp (B:G:R 30%:45%:25%); a customized LED lighting setup in color ratios 100%B, 75%B + 25%R, 50%B + 50%R, 25%B + 75%R, 100%R, and natural lighting. A photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 150 μmol∙m−2∙s−1 was provided with all the sources. It was demonstrated reliably that employing the LED strip as an illumination device gives a 112% increase in basil plant yield compared to the HPS; the transpiration coefficient for the LED strip is six times lower than for the HPS. The content of flavonoids in the basil aerial parts on the 30th, 50th, and 70th days of development is 3.2 times higher than for the HPS; the metabolite composition is also more uniform for LED strip lighting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technologies and Applications of Biophotonics)
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9 pages, 3127 KiB  
Communication
Experimental Generation of Structured Light Beams through Highly Anisotropic Scattering Media with an Intensity Transmission Matrix Measurement
by Qiannan Lei, Haokai Gong, Shijie Tu, Yangjian Cai and Qian Zhao
Photonics 2023, 10(7), 737; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/photonics10070737 - 27 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1133
Abstract
Structured light beams have played important roles in the fields of optical imaging and optical manipulation. However, light fields scatter when they encounter highly anisotropic scattering media, such as biological tissue, which destroys their original structured fields and turns them into speckle fields. [...] Read more.
Structured light beams have played important roles in the fields of optical imaging and optical manipulation. However, light fields scatter when they encounter highly anisotropic scattering media, such as biological tissue, which destroys their original structured fields and turns them into speckle fields. To reconstruct structured light beams through highly anisotropic scattering media, we present a method based on intensity transmission matrix which only relates the input and output light intensity distributions. Compared with the conventional method which relies on the measurement of complex-valued transmission matrix, our scheme is easy to implement, fast and stable. With the assistance of spatial filters, three kinds of structured light beams, Bessel-like beams, vortex beams and cylindrical vector beams, were constructed experimentally through a ZnO scattering layer. The present method is expected to promote optical applications through highly anisotropic scattering media. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technologies and Applications of Biophotonics)
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11 pages, 3306 KiB  
Communication
Axial Resolution Enhancement of Optical Sectioning Structured Illumination Microscopy Based on Three-Beam Interference
by Chao Xiao, Xing Li, Jia Qian, Wang Ma, Junwei Min, Peng Gao, Dan Dan and Baoli Yao
Photonics 2023, 10(6), 682; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/photonics10060682 - 12 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1313
Abstract
As a branch of 3D microscopy, optical sectioning structured illumination microscopy (OS-SIM) has the advantages of fast imaging speed, weak photobleaching and phototoxicity, and flexible and compatible configuration. Although the method of using the one-dimensional periodic fringe pattern projected on the sample can [...] Read more.
As a branch of 3D microscopy, optical sectioning structured illumination microscopy (OS-SIM) has the advantages of fast imaging speed, weak photobleaching and phototoxicity, and flexible and compatible configuration. Although the method of using the one-dimensional periodic fringe pattern projected on the sample can remove the out-of-focus background from the in-focus signal, the axial resolution of the final reconstructed 3D image is not improved. Here, we propose a three-beam interference OS-SIM, namely TBOS, instead of the common-used dual-beam interference OS-SIM (DBOS). The three-beam interference scheme has been adopted in 3D super-resolution SIM (3D-SR-SIM), where the fringe phase shifting needs to be along each of the three orientations. In contrast, TBOS applies phase shifting only in one arbitrary direction. We built a TBOS SIM microscope and performed the 3D imaging experiments with 46 nm diameter fluorescent microspheres and a mouse kidney section. The axial resolution of the 3D image obtained with TBOS was enhanced by a factor of 1.36 compared to the DBOS method, consistent with the theoretical analysis and simulation. The OS-SIM with enhanced axial resolution for 3D imaging may find a wide range of applications in the biomedical field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technologies and Applications of Biophotonics)
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10 pages, 2273 KiB  
Communication
Extending the Imaging Depth of Field through Scattering Media by Wavefront Shaping of Non-Diffraction Beams
by Tongyu Han, Tong Peng, Runze Li, Kaige Wang, Dan Sun and Baoli Yao
Photonics 2023, 10(5), 497; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/photonics10050497 - 26 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1466
Abstract
Increasing the depth of field (DOF) is a crucial issue for imaging through scattering media. In this paper, an improved genetic algorithm is used to modulate the wavefront of light through scattering media, by which high-quality refocusing and imaging through scattering media are [...] Read more.
Increasing the depth of field (DOF) is a crucial issue for imaging through scattering media. In this paper, an improved genetic algorithm is used to modulate the wavefront of light through scattering media, by which high-quality refocusing and imaging through scattering media are achieved. Then, the DOF of the imaging system is effectively extended by further modulating the refocused beam into a non-diffraction beam. Two kinds of non-diffraction beams, i.e., a Bessel beam and Airy beam, were produced as a demonstration. The experimental results show that compared to the Gaussian beam, the DOF of the imaging system by combining the wavefront shaping and non-diffraction Bessel beam or Airy beam can be improved by a factor of 1.1 or 1.5, respectively. The proposed method is helpful for the technical development of high-quality imaging through scattering media with a large DOF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technologies and Applications of Biophotonics)
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Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Title: Probing layered tissues by backscattering Mueller matrix imaging and tissue optical clearing
Authors: Qizhi Lai; Tongjun Bu; Tongyu Huang; Yanan Sun; Yi Wang; Hui Ma
Affiliation: Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Beijing 100091, China
Abstract: Polarization imaging is a label-free and non-invasive technique that is sensitive to microstructure and suitable for probing the microstructure of living tissues. However, obtaining deep-layer information from tissues has been a challenge for optical techniques. In this work, we used tissue optical clearing (TOC) to increase optical penetration depth and characterize the layered structures of tissue samples. Different tissue phantoms were constructed to examine changes in the polarization features of the layered structure during TOC process. We found that depolarization and anisotropy parameters can distinguish between single-layer and double-layer phantoms, reflecting microstructural information from each layer. We observed changes in polarization parameter images during the TOC process and, by analyzing different regions of the images, explained the sensitivity of these parameters to double-layer structures and analyzed the influence of oblique incident illumination. Finally, we conducted TOC experiments on living skin samples, leveraging the experience gained from phantom experiments to identify the double-layer structure of the skin and extract features related to layered structures. The results show that the combination of backscattering polarization imaging and tissue optical clearing provides a powerful tool for the characterization of layered samples.

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