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Plants
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Integrated Pest Management and Plants Health
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Integrated Pest Management and Plants Health

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Protection and Biotic Interactions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2024 | Viewed by 5776

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ricardo Siqueira Da Silva

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Diamantina, Diamantina, MG, Brazil
Interests: plant health defense;precision agriculture; plant health; climate change; field crops; agricultural systems; integrated pest management; bioecology; spatial distribution of plants and pests
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plant diseases and insect pests can significantly impact the health and productivity of plants. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an approach to managing pests in agriculture, horticulture, and other plant-related industries. It is a series of comprehensive measures taken to protect plants from pests and diseases. This Special Issue aims to assess the current progress of IPM approach, and how to promote the plant growth by effectively controlling pests and diseases to minimize the harm to the environment. The scope of this Special Issue includes, but is not limited to, cultivation practices, plant defense responses, pest monitoring, biological control techniques, chemical controls, and so on. We would like to invite all scholars who study IPM and plant health to contribute to this Special Issue. Original research and comments are welcome.

Dr. Ricardo Siqueira Da Silva
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • integrated pest control
  • biological control
  • plant health
  • plant defense
  • sustainable agriculture
  • ecology

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 913 KiB  
Article
Development, Survival and Reproduction of Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Sesame Cultivars and Implications for the Management
by Adrielly Karoliny de Lima, José Janduí Soares, Marcus Alvarenga Soares, José Cola Zanuncio, Carla de Lima Bicho and Carlos Alberto Domingues da Silva
Plants 2024, 13(8), 1060; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants13081060 - 09 Apr 2024
Viewed by 501
Abstract
Sesame, an oilseed plant with multiple applications, is susceptible to infestations by the stink bug Nezara viridula (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). This pest suctions the seeds of this plant and injects toxins into them. Possible sources of resistance on sesame cultivars are important [...] Read more.
Sesame, an oilseed plant with multiple applications, is susceptible to infestations by the stink bug Nezara viridula (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). This pest suctions the seeds of this plant and injects toxins into them. Possible sources of resistance on sesame cultivars are important to manage this bug. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological aspects of N. viridula fed on three sesame cultivars aiming to select possible resistance sources for integrated pest management (IPM) programs of this stinkbug. The experimental design used randomized blocks with three treatments and four replications, each with newly emerged N. viridula nymphs fed with sesame capsules of the cultivars BRS Anahí (T1), BRS Morena (T2) and BRS Seda (T3). Two to three green sesame capsules were supplied every two days per group of ten N. viridula nymphs as one replication until the beginning of the adult stage. Adults of this stinkbug were fed in the same manner as its nymphs but with mature sesame capsules until the end of the observations. Survival during each of the five instars and of the nymph stage of N. viridula with green sesame capsules was similar between cultivars, but the duration of the nymph stage was shorter with green capsules of the BRS Morena than with those of the BRS Anahí. The oviposition period, number of egg masses and eggs per female, and the percentage of nymphs hatched were higher with mature capsules of the sesame cultivar BRS Anahí and lower with the others. Nymphs did not hatch from eggs deposited by females fed mature seed capsules of the sesame cultivar BRS Morena, which may indicate a source of resistance against this stinkbug in this cultivar. The worldwide importance of N. viridula to sesame cultivation makes these results useful for breeding programs of this plant aiming to develop genotypes resistant to this bug. In addition, the BRS Morena is a cultivar already commercially available and can be recommended in places where there is a history of incidence of N. viridula, aiming to manage the populations of this pest. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Pest Management and Plants Health)
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18 pages, 1565 KiB  
Article
Influence of Chabazite Zeolite Foliar Applications Used for Olive Fruit Fly Control on Volatile Organic Compound Emission, Photosynthesis, and Quality of Extra Virgin Olive Oil
by Lucia Morrone, Luisa Neri, Osvaldo Facini, Giulio Galamini, Giacomo Ferretti and Annalisa Rotondi
Plants 2024, 13(5), 698; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants13050698 - 29 Feb 2024
Viewed by 619
Abstract
The olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae Rossi) is the most dangerous pest of olive fruits and negatively influences the chemical and sensory quality of the oil produced. Organic farms have few tools against this pest and are constantly looking for effective and [...] Read more.
The olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae Rossi) is the most dangerous pest of olive fruits and negatively influences the chemical and sensory quality of the oil produced. Organic farms have few tools against this pest and are constantly looking for effective and sustainable products such as geomaterials, i.e., zeolite. Since a particle film covers the canopy, a study was carried out on the olive tree’s responses to zeolite foliar coating. The tested treatments were natural zeolite (NZ), zeolite enriched with ammonium (EZ), and Spintor-Fly® (SF). EZ was associated with higher photosynthetic activity with respect to the other treatments, while no differences were found between SF and NZ. Foliar treatments affect the amount of BVOC produced in both leaves and olives, where 26 and 23 different BVOCs (biogenic volatile organic compounds) were identified but not the type of compounds emitted. Foliar treatment with EZ significantly affected fruit size, and the olive fruit fly more frequently attacked the olives, while treatment with NZ had olives with similar size and attack as those treated with Spintor-Fly®; no difference in oil quantity was detected. Oil produced from olives treated with NZ presented higher values of phenolic content and intensities of bitterness and spiciness than oils from those treated with EZ and SF. According to the results of this study, using zeolite films on an olive tree canopy does not negatively influence plant physiology; it has an impact on BVOC emission and the chemical and sensory characteristics of the oil. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Pest Management and Plants Health)
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14 pages, 970 KiB  
Article
Economic Injury Levels and Economic Thresholds for Leucoptera coffeella as a Function of Insecticide Application Technology in Organic and Conventional Coffee (Coffea arabica), Farms
by Marcelo Coutinho Picanço Filho, Eraldo Lima, Daiane das Graças do Carmo, Angelo Pallini, Adriana Helena Walerius, Ricardo Siqueira da Silva, Letícia Caroline da Silva Sant’Ana, Pedro Henrique Queiroz Lopes and Marcelo Coutinho Picanço
Plants 2024, 13(5), 585; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants13050585 - 21 Feb 2024
Viewed by 645
Abstract
Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) is one of the main pests in coffee crops. The economic injury level (EIL) is the lowest density of the pest at which economic damages match the costs of control measures. The economic threshold (ET) is the density of [...] Read more.
Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) is one of the main pests in coffee crops. The economic injury level (EIL) is the lowest density of the pest at which economic damages match the costs of control measures. The economic threshold (ET) is the density of the pest at which control measures must be taken so that this population does not reach the EIL. These are the main indices used for pest control decision-making. Control of L. coffeella is carried out by manual, tractor, airplane or drone applications. This work aimed to determine EILs and ETs for L. coffeella as a function of insecticide application technology in conventional and organic Coffea arabica crops. Data were collected over five years in commercial C. arabica crops on seven 100 ha central pivots. The cost of control in organic crops was 16.98% higher than conventional. The decreasing order of control cost was manual > drone > airplane > tractor application. Coffee plants were tolerant to low densities (up to 15% mined leaves) of the pest that caused losses of up to 6.56%. At high pest densities (54.20% mined leaves), losses were high (85.62%). In organic and conventional crops and with the use of different insecticide application technologies, EIL and ET were similar. The EIL and ET were 14% and 11% of mined leaves, respectively. Therefore, these indices can be incorporated in integrated pest management programs in C. arabica crops. The indices determined as a function of insecticide application technology in organic and conventional coffee are important as they serve producers with different technological levels. Additionally, EILs and ETs can contribute to more sustainable production, as control methods will only be employed when the pest density reaches these indices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Pest Management and Plants Health)
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19 pages, 7212 KiB  
Article
A MaxEnt Model of Citrus Black Fly Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) under Different Climate Change Scenarios
by Nilson Rodrigues da Silva, Philipe Guilherme Corcino Souza, Gildriano Soares de Oliveira, Alisson da Silva Santana, Leandro Bacci, Gerson Adriano Silva, Edmond Joseph Djibril Victor Barry, Fernanda de Aguiar Coelho, Marcus Alvarenga Soares, Marcelo Coutinho Picanço, Renato Almeida Sarmento and Ricardo Siqueira da Silva
Plants 2024, 13(4), 535; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants13040535 - 15 Feb 2024
Viewed by 816
Abstract
The citrus blackfly (CBF), Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, is an exotic pest native to Southeast Asia that has spread rapidly to the world’s main centers of citrus production, having been recently introduced to Brazil. In this study, a maximum entropy niche model (MaxEnt) was [...] Read more.
The citrus blackfly (CBF), Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby, is an exotic pest native to Southeast Asia that has spread rapidly to the world’s main centers of citrus production, having been recently introduced to Brazil. In this study, a maximum entropy niche model (MaxEnt) was used to predict the potential worldwide distribution of CBF under current and future climate change scenarios for 2030 and 2050. These future scenarios came from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), SSP1-2.6, and SSP5-8.5. The MaxEnt model predicted the potential distribution of CBF with area under receiver operator curve (AUC) values of 0.953 and 0.930 in the initial and final models, respectively. The average temperature of the coldest quarter months, precipitation of the rainiest month, isothermality, and precipitation of the driest month were the strongest predictors of CBF distribution, with contributions of 36.7%, 14.7%, 13.2%, and 10.2%, respectively. The model based on the current time conditions predicted that suitable areas for the potential occurrence of CBF, including countries such as Brazil, China, the European Union, the USA, Egypt, Turkey, and Morocco, are located in tropical and subtropical regions. Models from SSP1-2.6 (2030 and 2050) and SSP5-8.5 (2030) predicted that suitable habitats for CBF are increasing dramatically worldwide under future climate change scenarios, particularly in areas located in the southern US, southern Europe, North Africa, South China, and part of Australia. On the other hand, the SSP5-8.5 model of 2050 indicated a great retraction of the areas suitable for CBF located in the tropical region, with an emphasis on countries such as Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, and India. In general, the CMIP6 models predicted greater risks of invasion and dissemination of CBF until 2030 and 2050 in the southern regions of the USA, European Union, and China, which are some of the world’s largest orange producers. Knowledge of the current situation and future propagation paths of the pest serve as tools to improve the strategic government policies employed in CBF’s regulation, commercialization, inspection, combat, and phytosanitary management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Pest Management and Plants Health)
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20 pages, 6228 KiB  
Article
Rapid Grapevine Health Diagnosis Based on Digital Imaging and Deep Learning
by Osama Elsherbiny, Ahmed Elaraby, Mohammad Alahmadi, Mosab Hamdan and Jianmin Gao
Plants 2024, 13(1), 135; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants13010135 - 03 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1251
Abstract
Deep learning plays a vital role in precise grapevine disease detection, yet practical applications for farmer assistance are scarce despite promising results. The objective of this research is to develop an intelligent approach, supported by user-friendly, open-source software named AI GrapeCare (Version 1, [...] Read more.
Deep learning plays a vital role in precise grapevine disease detection, yet practical applications for farmer assistance are scarce despite promising results. The objective of this research is to develop an intelligent approach, supported by user-friendly, open-source software named AI GrapeCare (Version 1, created by Osama Elsherbiny). This approach utilizes RGB imagery and hybrid deep networks for the detection and prevention of grapevine diseases. Exploring the optimal deep learning architecture involved combining convolutional neural networks (CNNs), long short-term memory (LSTM), deep neural networks (DNNs), and transfer learning networks (including VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, and ResNet101V2). A gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) was employed to measure the textural characteristics. The plant disease detection platform (PDD) created a dataset of real-life grape leaf images from vineyards to improve plant disease identification. A data augmentation technique was applied to address the issue of limited images. Subsequently, the augmented dataset was used to train the models and enhance their capability to accurately identify and classify plant diseases in real-world scenarios. The analyzed outcomes indicated that the combined CNNRGB-LSTMGLCM deep network, based on the VGG16 pretrained network and data augmentation, outperformed the separate deep network and nonaugmented version features. Its validation accuracy, classification precision, recall, and F-measure are all 96.6%, with a 93.4% intersection over union and a loss of 0.123. Furthermore, the software developed through the proposed approach holds great promise as a rapid tool for diagnosing grapevine diseases in less than one minute. The framework of the study shows potential for future expansion to include various types of trees. This capability can assist farmers in early detection of tree diseases, enabling them to implement preventive measures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Pest Management and Plants Health)
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Review

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15 pages, 1117 KiB  
Review
Flavonoids as Insecticides in Crop Protection—A Review of Current Research and Future Prospects
by Verónica Pereira, Onofre Figueira and Paula C. Castilho
Plants 2024, 13(6), 776; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants13060776 - 08 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1472
Abstract
Pesticide overuse in agricultural systems has resulted in the development of pest resistance, the impoverishment of soil microbiota, water pollution, and several human health issues. Nonetheless, farmers still depend heavily on these agrochemicals for economically viable production, given the high frequency at which [...] Read more.
Pesticide overuse in agricultural systems has resulted in the development of pest resistance, the impoverishment of soil microbiota, water pollution, and several human health issues. Nonetheless, farmers still depend heavily on these agrochemicals for economically viable production, given the high frequency at which crops are affected by pests. Phytopathogenic insects are considered the most destructive pests on crops. Botanical pesticides have gained attention as potential biopesticides and complements to traditional pesticides, owing to their biodegradability and low toxicity. Plant-based extracts are abundant in a wide variety of bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, a class of polyphenols that have been extensively studied for this purpose because of their involvement in plant defense responses. The present review offers a comprehensive review of current research on the potential of flavonoids as insecticides for crop protection, addressing the modes and possible mechanisms of action underlying their bioactivity. The structure–activity relationship is also discussed. It also addresses challenges associated with their application in pest and disease management and suggests alternatives to overcome these issues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Pest Management and Plants Health)
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