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Climate Changes and Multi-Environment Trials in Crop and Medicinal Plants:...
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Climate Changes and Multi-Environment Trials in Crop and Medicinal Plants: Classical and Omics Aspects

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 October 2023) | Viewed by 6992

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Farzad Kianersi

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Guest Editor
School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
Interests: secondary metabolites; gene expression; plant tissue culture; abiotic stress; molecular breeding
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Mohammad Mahdi Majidi

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Guest Editor
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
Interests: plant breeding; abiotic stresses; plant genetic resources
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh

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Guest Editor
Department of Cereal Research, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj 31585-854, Iran
Interests: genetic diversity; gene expression; abiotic stresses; antioxidant activities; plant physiology, crop breeding; wheat and barley genetic resources
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Yinghua Huang

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Guest Editor
1. United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Plant Science Research Laboratory, Stillwater, OK 74075, USA
2. Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
Interests: crop breeding; gene discovery; gene expression; insect-plant interactions; multi-omics; plant biotechnology; plant genetics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plants have critical roles in the functioning of life on Earth due to their many benefits, such as creating energy and releasing oxygen, protecting soil from erosion, releasing nutrients to keep soils fertile, making up the foundation of the food chain, and the interception of pollutants in soil and air. Moreover, many medicines are derived from compounds provided by special plants that are known as medicinal plants. Increasing changes in climate have led to increases in environmental stresses that weaken plant resilience.

Multi-environment trials (METs) have an important role in identifying stable and adapted high-yielding plant genetic materials. Indeed, these experiments help agronomists and breeders in deciphering the interactions between genotype and environment main effects, which in turns provides a suitable opportunity to determine the contribution of each effect to plant economic characteristics. 

Traditional techniques and molecular tools have been successfully used in plant breeding over the years to enhance crucial agronomic traits in crop plants. Additionally, the global food supply has undergone rapid changes as a result of climate change and the growing human population—changes that conventional breeding techniques may not be able to keep up with.

A new evolution in plant breeding that is better able to explain the relationship between genotype and phenotype is currently possible thanks to the advancement in omics technologies. This has accelerated trait improvement in crops. Plant geneticists have been able to find genes, regulatory sequences, and markers useful for novel marker-assisted breeding thanks to the benefits and positive effects of omics-assisted breeding. Plant breeders now have the option to “design” new plant varieties with greater resilience by enhancing tolerance and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, while also obtaining higher yields of higher-quality plant material.

This Special Issue aims to collect original research and review articles on all facets of classical and omics approaches to knowledge advancement and the genetic analysis of complex agronomic traits of interest to support breeding programmes for future crops and medicinal plants. 

Dr. Farzad Kianersi
Prof. Dr. Mohammad Mahdi Majidi
Dr. Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh
Prof. Dr. Yinghua Huang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • crop and medicinal plants
  • climate change
  • multi-environment trials
  • genotype–environment interaction
  • yield stability
  • plant breeding
  • abiotic and biotic stresses
  • genetic diversity
  • gene expression
  • phenomics
  • genome-wide assisted selection (GWAS)

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 10060 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Spatial-Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Climate and Its Impact on Winter Wheat Production in Shanxi Province, China, 1964–2018
by Donglin Wang, Mengjing Guo, Xuefang Feng, Yuzhong Zhang, Qinge Dong, Yi Li, Xuewen Gong, Jiankun Ge, Feng Wu and Hao Feng
Plants 2024, 13(5), 706; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants13050706 - 1 Mar 2024
Viewed by 699
Abstract
The possible influence of global climate changes on agricultural production is becoming increasingly significant, necessitating greater attention to improving agricultural production in response to temperature rises and precipitation variability. As one of the main winter wheat-producing areas in China, the temporal and spatial [...] Read more.
The possible influence of global climate changes on agricultural production is becoming increasingly significant, necessitating greater attention to improving agricultural production in response to temperature rises and precipitation variability. As one of the main winter wheat-producing areas in China, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of precipitation, accumulated temperature, and actual yield and climatic yield of winter wheat during the growing period in Shanxi Province were analysed in detail. With the utilisation of daily meteorological data collected from 12 meteorological stations in Shanxi Province in 1964–2018, our study analysed the change in winter wheat yield with climate change using GIS combined with wavelet analysis. The results show the following: (1) Accumulated temperature and precipitation are the two most important limiting factors among the main physical factors that impact yield. Based on the analysis of the ArcGIS geographical detector, the correlation between the actual yield of winter wheat and the precipitation during the growth period was the highest, reaching 0.469, and the meteorological yield and accumulated temperature during this period also reached its peak value of 0.376. (2) The regions with more suitable precipitation and accumulated temperature during the growth period of winter wheat in the study area had relatively high actual winter wheat yields. Overall, the average actual yield of the entire region showed a significant increasing trend over time, with an upward trend of 47.827 kg ha−1 yr−1. (3) The variation coefficient of winter wheat climatic yield was relatively stable in 2008–2018. In particular, there were many years of continuous reduction in winter wheat yields prior to 2006. Thereafter, the impact of climate change on winter wheat yields became smaller. This study expands our understanding of the complex interactions between climate variables and crop yield but also provides practical recommendations for enhancing agricultural practices in this region Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Changes and Multi-Environment Trials in Crop and Medicinal Plants: Classical and Omics Aspects)
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13 pages, 2943 KiB  
Article
Identification of High-Yielding Genotypes of Barley in the Warm Regions of Iran
by Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh, Shirali Koohkan, Hassan Zali, Akbar Marzooghian, Ahmad Gholipour, Masoome Kheirgo, Ali Barati, Jan Bocianowski and Alireza Askari-Kelestani
Plants 2023, 12(22), 3837; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants12223837 - 13 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 944
Abstract
One of the most important effects of climatic changes is increasing temperatures and expanding water deficit stress in tropical and subtropical regions. As the fourth most important cereal crop, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is crucial for food and feed security, as well [...] Read more.
One of the most important effects of climatic changes is increasing temperatures and expanding water deficit stress in tropical and subtropical regions. As the fourth most important cereal crop, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is crucial for food and feed security, as well as for a sustainable agricultural system. The present study investigates 56 promising barley genotypes, along with four local varieties (Norooz, Oxin, Golchin, and Negin) in four locations to identify high-yielding and adapted genotypes in the warm climate of Iran. Genotypes were tested in an alpha lattice design with six blocks, which were repeated three times. Traits measured were the number of days to heading and maturity, plant height, thousand kernels weight, and grain yield. A combined analysis of variance showed the significant effects of genotypes (G), environments (E), and their interaction (GEI) on all measured traits. Application of the additive main-effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model to the grain yield data showed that GEI was divided into three significant components (IPCAs), and each accounted for 50.93%, 30.60%, and 18.47%, respectively. Two selection indices [Smith–Hazel (SH) and multiple trait selection index (MTSI)] identified G18, G24, G29, and G57 as desirable genotypes at the four test locations. Using several BLUP-based indices, such as the harmonic mean of genotypic values (HMGV), the relative performance of genotypic values (RPGV), and the harmonic mean of the relative performance of genotypic values (HMRPGV), genotypes G6, G11, G22, G24, G29, G38, G52, and G57 were identified as superior genotypes. The application of GGE analysis identified G6, G24, G29, G52, and G57 as the high-yielding and most stable genotypes. Considering all statistical models, genotypes G24, G29, and G57 can be used, as they are well-adapted to the test locations in warm regions of Iran. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Changes and Multi-Environment Trials in Crop and Medicinal Plants: Classical and Omics Aspects)
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15 pages, 1738 KiB  
Article
Selection of High-Yielding and Stable Genotypes of Barley for the Cold Climate in Iran
by Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh, Habibollah Ghazvini, Seyed Shahriyar Jasemi, Solaiman Mohammadi, Sayed Alireza Razavi, Mehrdad Chaichi, Marefat Ghasemi Kalkhoran, Hassan Monirifar, Hamid Tajali, Asadollah Fathihafshjani and Jan Bocianowski
Plants 2023, 12(13), 2410; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants12132410 - 22 Jun 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 992
Abstract
The interaction between genotypes and environments plays an important role in selecting superior genotypes for target locations. The main objectives of the present study were to analyze the effect of the genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) and identify superior, newly developed, and promising barley genotypes [...] Read more.
The interaction between genotypes and environments plays an important role in selecting superior genotypes for target locations. The main objectives of the present study were to analyze the effect of the genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) and identify superior, newly developed, and promising barley genotypes for cold regions in Iran. For these purposes, a set of genotypes obtained from breeding programs for cold climates in Iran, along with two reference genotypes, were investigated at eight research stations (Tabriz, Ardabil, Arak, Miandoab, Mashhad, Jolge Rokh, Karaj, and Hamadan) during two consecutive growing seasons (2019–2020 and 2020–2021). The results of the freezing test (LT50) showed that most of the tested genotypes had significant cold tolerance at the seedling stage. Based on the additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis, environment (E) and GEI effects explained 49.44% and 16.55% of the total variation in grain yield, respectively. Using AMMI1 and AMMI2 models, G2 and G20 were found to be superior genotypes in terms of grain yield and stability. Moreover, AMMI-based stability parameters considered the G20 genotype to be the ideal genotype. A two-plot analysis of the genotype-by-environment interaction (GGE) biplot showed that the 16 experimental environments were grouped into 2 mega-environments. Of the test environments, ARK1 and KAJ2 had the highest discriminating power and representativeness ability, and these were identified as ideal environments for testing advanced genotypes for yield and stability performance during early barley breeding practices in cold areas in Iran. In conclusion, both AMMI and GGE biplot models identified several superior genotypes, among which G20, with a high average yield relative to the overall average yield and the lowest IPC1 score, was found to have high yield stability and is recommended for inclusion in breeding programs for cold climates in Iran. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Changes and Multi-Environment Trials in Crop and Medicinal Plants: Classical and Omics Aspects)
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11 pages, 863 KiB  
Article
Future Climate Effects on Yield and Mortality of Conventional versus Modified Oil Palm in SE Asia
by Robert Russell Monteith Paterson
Plants 2023, 12(12), 2236; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants12122236 - 7 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1415
Abstract
Palm oil is a very important commodity which will be required well into the future. However, the consequences of growing oil palm (OP) are often detrimental to the environment and contribute to climate change. On the other hand, climate change stress will decrease [...] Read more.
Palm oil is a very important commodity which will be required well into the future. However, the consequences of growing oil palm (OP) are often detrimental to the environment and contribute to climate change. On the other hand, climate change stress will decrease the production of palm oil by causing mortality and ill health of OP, as well as reducing yields. Genetically modified OP (mOP) may be produced in the future to resist climate change stress, although it will take a long time to develop and introduce, if they are successfully produced at all. It is crucial to understand the benefits mOP may bring for resisting climate change and increasing the sustainability of the palm oil industry. This paper employs modeling of suitable climate for OP using the CLIMEX program in (a) Indonesia and Malaysia, which are the first and second largest growers of OP respectively, and (b) Thailand and Papua New Guinea, which are much smaller growers. It is useful to compare these countries in terms of future palm oil production and what benefits planting mOP may bring. Uniquely, narrative models are used in the current paper to determine how climate change will affect yields of conventional OP and mOP. The effect of climate change on the mortality of mOP is also determined for the first time. The gains from using mOP were moderate, but substantial, if compared to the current production of other continents or countries. This was especially the case for Indonesia and Malaysia. The development of mOP requires a realistic appreciation of what benefits may accrue. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Changes and Multi-Environment Trials in Crop and Medicinal Plants: Classical and Omics Aspects)
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16 pages, 1049 KiB  
Article
Identification of Superior Barley Genotypes Using Selection Index of Ideal Genotype (SIIG)
by Hassan Zali, Ali Barati, Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh, Ahmad Gholipour, Shirali Koohkan, Akbar Marzoghiyan, Jan Bocianowski, Henryk Bujak and Kamila Nowosad
Plants 2023, 12(9), 1843; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants12091843 - 29 Apr 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2268
Abstract
The main objective of the study was to evaluate and select the superior barley genotypes based on grain yield and some pheno-morphological traits using a new proposed selection index (SIIG). For this purpose, one-hundred-eight pure and four local cultivars (Norouz, Auxin, Nobahar, and [...] Read more.
The main objective of the study was to evaluate and select the superior barley genotypes based on grain yield and some pheno-morphological traits using a new proposed selection index (SIIG). For this purpose, one-hundred-eight pure and four local cultivars (Norouz, Auxin, Nobahar, and WB-97-11) were evaluated as reference genotypes in four warm regions of Iran, including Ahvaz, Darab, Zabol, and Gonbad, during the 2020–2021 cropping seasons. The results of REML analysis showed that the heritability of all traits (except plant height) was higher in Gonbad than in other environments, while the lowest values were estimated in Ahvaz and Zabol environments. In addition, among the measured traits, the thousand kernel weight and grain filling period showed the highest and lowest values of heritability (0.83 and 0.01, respectively). The results showed that the seed yield of genotypes 1, 108, 3, 86, 5, 87, 19, 16, 15, 56, and 18 was higher than the four reference genotypes, and, on the other hand, the SIIG index of these genotypes was greater than or equal to 0.60. Based on the SIIG discriminator index, 4, 8, 31, and 28 genotypes with values greater than or equal to 0.60 were identified as superior for Darab, Ahvaz, Zabol, and Gonbad environments, respectively. As a conclusion, our results revealed that the SIIG index has ideal potential to identify genotypes with high yield and desirable traits. Therefore, the use of this index can be beneficial in screening better genotypes in the early stages of any breeding program for any crop. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Changes and Multi-Environment Trials in Crop and Medicinal Plants: Classical and Omics Aspects)
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