Research

21 pages, 3141 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Heat and Drought Stress Responses among Twelve Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) Varieties

by Lauranne Aubert and Muriel Quinet

Plants 2022, 11(11), 1517; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants11111517 - 06 Jun 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1985

The use of orphan crops could mitigate the effects of climate change and improve the quality of food security. We compared the effects of drought, high temperature, and their combination in 12 varieties of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum). Plants were grown [...] Read more.

The use of orphan crops could mitigate the effects of climate change and improve the quality of food security. We compared the effects of drought, high temperature, and their combination in 12 varieties of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum). Plants were grown at 21/19 °C or 28/26 °C under well-watered and water-stressed conditions. Plants were more discriminated according to environmental conditions than variety, with the exception of Islek that was smaller and produced fewer leaves, inflorescences, and seeds than the other varieties. The combination of high temperature and water stress had a stronger negative impact than each stress applied separately. The temperature increase stimulated leaf and flower production while water stress decreased plant height. Leaf area decreased with both temperature and water stress. High temperature hastened the seed initiation but negatively affected seed development such that almost all seeds aborted at 28 °C. At 21 °C, water stress significantly decreased the seed production per plant. At the physiological level, water stress increased the chlorophyll content and temperature increased the transpiration rate under well-watered conditions. High temperature also increased the polyphenol and flavonoid concentrations, mainly in the inflorescences. Altogether, our results showed that water stress and temperature increase in particular negatively affected seed production in F. tataricum. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breeding Buckwheat for Nutritional Quality Volume II)

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8 pages, 618 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Adaptative Responses of Common and Tartary Buckwheat to Different Altitudes

by Aleksandra Golob, Neja Luzar, Ivan Kreft and Mateja Germ

Plants 2022, 11(11), 1439; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants11111439 - 28 May 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1294

Abstract

Environmental conditions at different elevations are harsher at higher elevations and impose constraints upon plants. The response of common and Tartary buckwheats to environmental conditions at elevations between 300 and 1180 m above sea level (asl) was studied. In common buckwheat, grown at [...] Read more.

Environmental conditions at different elevations are harsher at higher elevations and impose constraints upon plants. The response of common and Tartary buckwheats to environmental conditions at elevations between 300 and 1180 m above sea level (asl) was studied. In common buckwheat, grown at the highest elevation, there was an increased investment in secondary metabolism, and decreased investment in primary metabolism, since the production of UV-absorbing compounds was enhanced while the amounts of chlorophylls and carotenoids decreased. In Tartary buckwheat, the amounts of UV-absorbing compounds, chlorophylls and carotenoids were similar in plants grown at different elevations, indicating better adaptation to conditions at higher elevations. Common and Tartary buckwheat plants from Podbeže had thicker leaves than plants from the two other locations. This could be a response to high radiation in the very sunny position in Podbeže. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breeding Buckwheat for Nutritional Quality Volume II)

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20 pages, 4417 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Decontamination and Germination of Buckwheat Grains upon Treatment with Oxygen Plasma Glow and Afterglow

by Jure Mravlje, Marjana Regvar, Pia Starič, Rok Zaplotnik, Miran Mozetič and Katarina Vogel-Mikuš

Plants 2022, 11(10), 1366; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants11101366 - 20 May 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1836

Abstract

Buckwheat is an alternative crop known for its many beneficial effects on our health. Fungi are an important cause of plant diseases and food spoilage, often posing a threat to humans and animals. This study reports the effects of low-pressure cold plasma treatment [...] Read more.

Buckwheat is an alternative crop known for its many beneficial effects on our health. Fungi are an important cause of plant diseases and food spoilage, often posing a threat to humans and animals. This study reports the effects of low-pressure cold plasma treatment on decontamination and germination of common (CB) and Tartary buckwheat (TB) grains. Both plasma glow and afterglow were applied. The glow treatment was more effective in decontamination: initial contamination was reduced to less than 30% in CB and 10% in TB. Fungal diversity was also affected as only a few genera persisted after the glow treatment; however, it also significantly reduced or even ceased the germination capacity of both buckwheat species. Detailed plasma characterisation by optical spectroscopy revealed extensive etching of outer layers as well as cotyledons. Afterglow treatment resulted in a lower reduction of initial fungal contamination (up to 30% in CB and up to 50% in TB) and had less impact on fungal diversity but did not drastically affect germination: 60–75% of grains still germinated even after few minutes of treatment. The vacuum conditions alone did not affect the fungal population or the germination despite an extensive release of water. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breeding Buckwheat for Nutritional Quality Volume II)

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9 pages, 15662 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Development of Novel Detection Method for Rutinosidase in Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.)

by Tatsuro Suzuki, Toshikazu Morishita, Shigenobu Takigawa, Takahiro Noda, Koji Ishiguro and Shiori Otsuka

Plants 2022, 11(3), 320; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants11030320 - 25 Jan 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2123

Abstract

Contamination of rutinosidase is a major problem for rutin-rich food due to the hydrolysis of the functional compound rutin and generation of strong bitterness caused by the hydrolyzed moiety quercetin. This problem sometimes occurs between the trace and normal rutinosidase Tartary buckwheat varieties. [...] Read more.

Contamination of rutinosidase is a major problem for rutin-rich food due to the hydrolysis of the functional compound rutin and generation of strong bitterness caused by the hydrolyzed moiety quercetin. This problem sometimes occurs between the trace and normal rutinosidase Tartary buckwheat varieties. Here, we developed a simple and rapid method for rutinosidase detection in ‘ripening seeds using UV light’ and in ‘dough using alum-flavonoid complexation’ from Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.). Normal rutinosidase seeds can be distinguished from trace-rutinosidase mature seeds and ripening young seeds using a rutin solution by comparing the muddiness, which corresponds to quercetin generation. In dough, we detected a threefold relative increase in rutinosidase activity corresponding to 1% contamination of normal rutinosidase flour with trace-rutinosidase flour within 65 min. These methods do not require expensive apparatuses and toxic chemicals and are therefore promising for detecting and preventing contamination by rutinosidase, e.g., in food processing factories. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breeding Buckwheat for Nutritional Quality Volume II)

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11 pages, 1655 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study of the Effect of Selective Media with High Doses of Zinc on Regeneration Ability and Rutin Accumulation in Common Buckwheat In Vitro

by Svetlana Borovaya, Alexey Klykov, Elena Barsukova and Elena Chaikina

Plants 2022, 11(3), 264; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants11030264 - 19 Jan 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1562

Abstract

Biotechnological methods are widely used in modern common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) studies, constitute an effective tool to create the best agronomic traits of the crop, and can also be used to breed forms, resistant to heavy metal ion toxicity, which is [...] Read more.

Biotechnological methods are widely used in modern common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) studies, constitute an effective tool to create the best agronomic traits of the crop, and can also be used to breed forms, resistant to heavy metal ion toxicity, which is important in the environment of constantly growing anthropogenic pressure on ecosystems. The studied high concentrations of zinc salts (808–1313 mg L⁻¹) in the nutrient medium in vitro had an inhibitory effect on buckwheat, which was manifested by a decrease in values of its morphological indicators. Ion stress had an adverse effect on 7–9% of plants from their total number, indicating high plasticity and resistance of F. esculentum to highly toxic doses of zinc. The stress state of F. esculentum significantly increases the production of flavonoid compounds, including rutin, in plant cells, which is used in biotechnology to assess and obtain buckwheat forms of high flavonoid induction capacity. The processes of rutin biosynthesis were most intense in test-tube plants of the Izumrud × Inzerskaya hybrid obtained after exposure to high doses of zinc 1010–1212 mg L⁻¹. F. esculentum genotypes obtained using selective backgrounds with high zinc concentrations are promising biosystems for synthesis of rutin, valuable for pharmacology and medicine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breeding Buckwheat for Nutritional Quality Volume II)

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6 pages, 734 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Roasted Tartary Buckwheat Bran as a Material for Producing Rutin-Rich Tea Beverages

by Takahiro Noda, Koji Ishiguro, Tatsuro Suzuki and Toshikazu Morishita

Plants 2021, 10(12), 2662; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants10122662 - 03 Dec 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1675

Abstract

Tartary buckwheat bran, a byproduct of buckwheat milling, is commonly treated as waste. The present study examined the rutin content during successive infusions of roasted Tartary buckwheat bran and grain to develop a functional Tartary buckwheat tea. Samples (6 g) of roasted Tartary [...] Read more.

Tartary buckwheat bran, a byproduct of buckwheat milling, is commonly treated as waste. The present study examined the rutin content during successive infusions of roasted Tartary buckwheat bran and grain to develop a functional Tartary buckwheat tea. Samples (6 g) of roasted Tartary buckwheat bran and grain were rinsed with 300 mL of hot water (>95 °C) for 0.5 min. For the first infusion test, the tea infusion sample of roasted Tartary buckwheat bran contained a distinctly higher amount of rutin (389 mg/L) than that of the roasted Tartary buckwheat grain (68 mg/L). Overall, rutin was more effectively extracted from roasted Tartary buckwheat bran, as compared to roasted Tartary buckwheat grain. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breeding Buckwheat for Nutritional Quality Volume II)

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15 pages, 2299 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Distribution and Sustainable Utilization of Buckwheat Resources under Climate Change in China

by Wen Wen, Zhiqiang Li, Jirong Shao, Yu Tang, Zhijun Zhao, Jingang Yang, Mengqi Ding, Xuemei Zhu and Meiliang Zhou

Plants 2021, 10(10), 2081; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants10102081 - 30 Sep 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2274

Abstract

Buckwheat is a promising pseudo cereal and its cultivation history can be traced back to thousands of years ago in China. Nowadays, buckwheat is not only an ordinary crop but also a symbol of healthy life because of its rich nutritional and pharmacological [...] Read more.

Buckwheat is a promising pseudo cereal and its cultivation history can be traced back to thousands of years ago in China. Nowadays, buckwheat is not only an ordinary crop but also a symbol of healthy life because of its rich nutritional and pharmacological properties. In this research, the current suitable areas of 19 wild buckwheat species were analyzed by the MaxEnt model, which proved that southwestern China was the diversity center of buckwheat. Their morphological characteristics and geographical distribution were analyzed for the first time. In addition, it was found that the change of buckwheat cultivation in three periods might be related to the green revolution of main crops and national policies. Meanwhile, the Sustainable Yield Index (SYI) value of buckwheat in China was the lowest from 1959 to 2016. Through the MaxEnt model, the potentially suitable areas of wild buckwheat would contract while cultivated buckwheat would expand under climate change. Accordingly, the diversity of wild buckwheat will decrease. Therefore, it is necessary to protect buckwheat resources as much as possible to strengthen the development and utilization of buckwheat resources. Moreover, the promotion of buckwheat diversity will be an important trade-off between food security, population growth, and land use under climate change. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breeding Buckwheat for Nutritional Quality Volume II)

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14 pages, 2213 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pretreatment with H₂O₂ Alleviates the Negative Impacts of NaCl Stress on Seed Germination of Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum)

by Xin Yao, Meiliang Zhou, Jingjun Ruan, Yan Peng, Hao Yang, Yong Tang, Anjing Gao and Jianping Cheng

Plants 2021, 10(9), 1784; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants10091784 - 27 Aug 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2567

Abstract

Soil salinization is one of the main abiotic stress factors impacting the growth of crops and the agricultural industry today. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of H₂O₂ pretreatment on seed germination in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) [...] Read more.

Soil salinization is one of the main abiotic stress factors impacting the growth of crops and the agricultural industry today. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of H₂O₂ pretreatment on seed germination in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) seeds under salt stress and to evaluate this species’ salt tolerance. Through the preliminary experiment, this study used 50 mmol L⁻¹ NaCl solution to induce seed stress. After soaking for 12 h in different H₂O₂ concentrations, seeds were laid in Petri dishes with 50 mmol L⁻¹ NaCl for seven days and the germination parameters and physiological indicators were measured to screen the optimal H₂O₂ pretreatment concentration and the salt tolerance index. Our results indicated that pretreatment with 5–10 mmol L⁻¹ H₂O₂ was most effective in alleviating NaCl’s impacts on the seeds’ germination parameters. Furthermore, the growth and material accumulation of seedlings was promoted; catalase, superoxide dismutase activity, and proline content were enhanced; and malondialdehyde content was reduced. Principal component analysis and stepwise regression revealed six key indicators that had a significant impact on the salt tolerance characteristics of F. tataricum, namely, germination potential, shoot fresh weight, root surface area, root average diameter, catalase activity, and superoxide dismutase activity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breeding Buckwheat for Nutritional Quality Volume II)

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