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Plants
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Salt and Water Stress Tolerance in Plants
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Salt and Water Stress Tolerance in Plants

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2018) | Viewed by 24686

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Tomoaki Horie

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
Interests: salt stress; ion transport; water transport; crop breeding
Dr. Nobuyuki Uozumi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tohoku University Sendai 980-8579, Japan
Interests: membrane transport system; drought stress; salinity stress; ion channel, proton motive force
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The threat of soil salinization on crop production has been increasing in association with global climate change. An increase in salt concentrations in the rhizosphere gives rise to salt stress, which seriously reduces the growth and productivity of glycophytic plants. Na+ and Cl- are the major toxic ions during salt stress. Under high-salt environments, plants suffer from crucial negative influences as follows: (i) water deficiency—water uptake is decreased due to a reduction in the water potential; (ii) K+ deficiency—absorption of an essential macronutrient, K+, is inhibited by competition with Na+, and K+ efflux from cytosol is induced through Kout channels; and (iii) ion toxicity—invasive influx and cytosolic accumulation of toxic ions are increased, which eventually triggers cellular toxicity by disturbing vital metabolic processes. These negative factors easily promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which, in some cases, lead to cell death. Therefore, to uncover the mechanisms of salt tolerance in plants, understanding transport and distribution systems and homeostatic mechanisms, for not only Na+, but also Cl-, K+ and water, is important. For this Special Issue of the journal Plants, we seek novel findings and the latest updates regarding plant salt tolerance, broadly, from molecular physiological studies to breeding and genetics.

Dr. Tomoaki Horie
Dr. Nobuyuki Uozumi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • salt stress
  • osmotic stress
  • ion transport
  • water transport
  • ion homeostasis

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 3673 KiB  
Article
Fast Regulation of Hormone Metabolism Contributes to Salt Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa spp. Japonica, L.) by Inducing Specific Morpho-Physiological Responses
by Elide Formentin, Elisabetta Barizza, Piergiorgio Stevanato, Marco Falda, Federica Massa, Danuše Tarkowskà, Ondřej Novák and Fiorella Lo Schiavo
Plants 2018, 7(3), 75; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants7030075 - 15 Sep 2018
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4821
Abstract
Clear evidence has highlighted a role for hormones in the plant stress response, including salt stress. Interplay and cross-talk among different hormonal pathways are of vital importance in abiotic stress tolerance. A genome-wide transcriptional analysis was performed on leaves and roots of three-day [...] Read more.
Clear evidence has highlighted a role for hormones in the plant stress response, including salt stress. Interplay and cross-talk among different hormonal pathways are of vital importance in abiotic stress tolerance. A genome-wide transcriptional analysis was performed on leaves and roots of three-day salt treated and untreated plants of two Italian rice varieties, Baldo and Vialone Nano, which differ in salt sensitivity. Genes correlated with hormonal pathways were identified and analyzed. The contents of abscisic acid, indoleacetic acid, cytokinins, and gibberellins were measured in roots, stems, and leaves of seedlings exposed for one and three days to salt stress. From the transcriptomic analysis, a huge number of genes emerged as being involved in hormone regulation in response to salt stress. The expression profile of genes involved in biosynthesis, signaling, response, catabolism, and conjugation of phytohormones was analyzed and integrated with the measurements of hormones in roots, stems, and leaves of seedlings. Significant changes in the hormone levels, along with differences in morphological responses, emerged between the two varieties. These results support the faster regulation of hormones metabolism in the tolerant variety that allows a prompt growth reprogramming and the setting up of an acclimation program, leading to specific morpho-physiological responses and growth recovery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Salt and Water Stress Tolerance in Plants)
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20 pages, 3025 KiB  
Article
Interactions between Mycorrhizal Fungi, Tea Wastes, and Algal Biomass Affecting the Microbial Community, Soil Structure, and Alleviating of Salinity Stress in Corn Yield (Zea mays L.)
by Salwan Al-Maliki and Mugtaba AL-Masoudi
Plants 2018, 7(3), 63; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants7030063 - 08 Aug 2018
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4847
Abstract
Soil salinity has an adverse impact on soil biological properties and growth of corn plant, majorly in arid and semi-arid lands. A mesocosm experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi (M) (Glomus mosseae), tea wastes (T), algal dried [...] Read more.
Soil salinity has an adverse impact on soil biological properties and growth of corn plant, majorly in arid and semi-arid lands. A mesocosm experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi (M) (Glomus mosseae), tea wastes (T), algal dried biomass (A), and their combinations on soil respiration, total bacteria, total fungi, soil mean weight diameter (MWD), and corn yield (Zeamays L.). under saline and non-saline soils. Results showed that M, T, and A treatments increased significantly CO2 release compared to the control. Whereas, M significantly decreased CO2 release compared to T and A treatments. In non-saline soil, M increased greatly MWD, bacterial and fungal counts, and infection rate. Whereas, the opposite was true in the saline soil; neither M nor T improved bacterial communities and MWD. However, in the saline soil, M + T was highly efficient in improving MWD, SOC, bacterial and fungal counts, infection rate, and corn grain yield. It can be suggested that the inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi with tea wastes in saline soils considered an important strategy that increases the toleration of the corn plant to salinity by improving soil microbial activity, MWD, SOC, infection rate, and total grain yield. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Salt and Water Stress Tolerance in Plants)
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16 pages, 2664 KiB  
Article
A Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel, HvCNGC2-3, Is Activated by the Co-Presence of Na+ and K+ and Permeable to Na+ and K+ Non-Selectively
by Izumi C. Mori, Yuichi Nobukiyo, Yoshiki Nakahara, Mineo Shibasaka, Takuya Furuichi and Maki Katsuhara
Plants 2018, 7(3), 61; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants7030061 - 26 Jul 2018
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4314
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) have been postulated to contribute significantly in plant development and stress resistance. However, their electrophysiological properties remain poorly understood. Here, we characterized barley CNGC2-3 (HvCNGC2-3) by the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique in the Xenopus laevis oocyte heterologous expression system. Current [...] Read more.
Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) have been postulated to contribute significantly in plant development and stress resistance. However, their electrophysiological properties remain poorly understood. Here, we characterized barley CNGC2-3 (HvCNGC2-3) by the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique in the Xenopus laevis oocyte heterologous expression system. Current was not observed in X. laevis oocytes injected with HvCNGC2-3 complementary RNA (cRNA) in a bathing solution containing either Na+ or K+ solely, even in the presence of 8-bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (8Br-cAMP) or 8-bromoguanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (8Br-cGMP). A weakly voltage-dependent slow hyperpolarization-activated ion current was observed in the co-presence of Na+ and K+ in the bathing solution and in the presence of 10 µM 8Br-cAMP, but not 8Br-cGMP. Permeability ratios of HvCNGC2-3 to K+, Na+ and Cl− were determined as 1:0.63:0.03 according to reversal-potential analyses. Amino-acid replacement of the unique ion-selective motif of HvCNGC2-3, AQGL, with the canonical motif, GQGL, resulted in the abolition of the current. This study reports a unique two-ion-dependent activation characteristic of the barley CNGC, HvCNGC2-3. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Salt and Water Stress Tolerance in Plants)
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Review

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17 pages, 1063 KiB  
Review
Guard Cell Membrane Anion Transport Systems and Their Regulatory Components: An Elaborate Mechanism Controlling Stress-Induced Stomatal Closure
by Shunya Saito and Nobuyuki Uozumi
Plants 2019, 8(1), 9; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants8010009 - 03 Jan 2019
Cited by 42 | Viewed by 10068
Abstract
When plants are exposed to drastic environmental changes such as drought, salt or bacterial invasion, rapid stomatal movement confers tolerance to these stresses. This process involves a variety of guard cell expressed ion channels and their complex regulation network. Inward K+ channels [...] Read more.
When plants are exposed to drastic environmental changes such as drought, salt or bacterial invasion, rapid stomatal movement confers tolerance to these stresses. This process involves a variety of guard cell expressed ion channels and their complex regulation network. Inward K+ channels mainly function in stomatal opening. On the other hand, guard cell anion channels play a crucial role in the closing of stomata, which is vital in terms of preventing water loss and bacterial entrance. Massive progress has been made on the research of these anion channels in the last decade. In this review, we focus on the function and regulation of Arabidopsis guard cell anion channels. Starting from SLAC1, a main contributor of stomatal closure, members of SLAHs (SLAC1 homologues), AtNRTs (Nitrate transporters), AtALMTs (Aluminum-activated malate transporters), ABC transporters, AtCLCs (Chloride channels), DTXs (Detoxification efflux carriers), SULTRs (Sulfate transporters), and their regulator components are reviewed. These membrane transport systems are the keys to maintaining cellular ion homeostasis against fluctuating external circumstances. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Salt and Water Stress Tolerance in Plants)
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