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The Role of Lipid-Hydrolyzing Proteins in Plant Growth

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A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Physiology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 14076

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ok Ran Lee

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Guest Editor

Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
Interests: haploid breeding; lipase; auxin signaling and transport; ginsenoside biosynthesis; secondary metabolite; genome editing

Dr. Yu-Jin Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
Interests: plant physiology; pollen tube growth; reproductive development

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lipases are a diverse group of lipid acyl hydrolases that break down the ester or amide bonds of fatty acids in plant lipids and play important roles in diverse cellular functions via their involvement in phytohormone signaling. Based on their preferred substrates, these lipases are classified into triacylglycerol lipases, phospholipases, galactolipases, ceraminidases, cholesterol ester hydrolases, and retinyl ester hydrolases. The phospholipases are the dominant family of lipid acyl hydrolases and play important roles in diverse cellular processes, including phospholipid digestion, metabolism, cell growth, signal transduction, and plant response to biotic and abiotic stress. Differential subcellular localization of lipases indicates that they might interact with distinct membrane systems to initiate specific cellular responses. Although the role of many recombinant lipases on a variety of lipid classes in vitro has been documented, information on their physiological roles on substrates in vivo and the resultant hydrolysis products in general is lacking. This Special Issue of Plants will focus on plant lipid-hydrolyzing proteins and cover their physiological functions, interactions with hormonal signaling pathways and the environment, and in vivo and/or in vitro enzymatic properties.

Dr. Ok Ran Lee
Dr. Yu-Jin Kim
Guest Editors

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Keywords

lipid
acyl hydrolase
lipase
TAG
plant growth
environmental stresses
phytohormones

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 4488 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Overexpression of the Panax ginseng CYP703 Alters Cutin Composition of Reproductive Tissues in Arabidopsis

by Jihyun Kim, Jeniffer Silva, Chanwoo Park, Younghun Kim, Nayeon Park, Johan Sukweenadhi, Junping Yu, Jianxin Shi, Dabing Zhang, Keun Ki Kim, Hong-Joo Son, Hyeon Cheal Park, Chang-Oh Hong, Kwang Min Lee and Yu-Jin Kim

Plants 2022, 11(3), 383; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants11030383 - 30 Jan 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3143

Abstract

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) catalyzes a wide variety of monooxygenation reactions in plant primary and secondary metabolisms. Land plants contain CYP703, belonging to the CYP71 clan, which catalyzes the biochemical pathway of fatty acid hydroxylation, especially in male reproductive tissues. Korean/Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) has been regarded as one of important medicinal plant for a long time, however the molecular mechanism is less known on its development. In this study, we identified and characterized a CYP703A gene in P. ginseng (PgCYP703A4), regarding reproductive development. PgCYP703A4 shared a high-sequence identity (81–83%) with predicted amino acid as CYP703 in Dancus carota, Pistacia vera, and Camellia sinensis as well as 76% of amino acid sequence identity with reported CYP703 in Arabidopsis thaliana and 75% with Oryza sativa. Amino acid alignment and phylogenetic comparison of P. ginseng with higher plants and known A. thaliana members clearly distinguish the CYP703 members, each containing the AATDTS oxygen binding motif and PERH as a clade signature. The expression of PgCYP704B1 was only detected in P. ginseng flower buds, particularly in meiotic cells and the tapetum layer of developing anther, indicating the conserved role on male reproduction with At- and Os- CYP703. To acquire the clue of function, we transformed the PgCYP703A4 in A. thaliana. Independent overexpressing lines (PgCYP703A4ox) increased silique size and seed number, and altered the contents of fatty acids composition of cutin monomer in the siliques. Our results indicate that PgCYP703A4 is involved in fatty acid hydroxylation which affects cutin production and fruit size. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Lipid-Hydrolyzing Proteins in Plant Growth)

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11 pages, 2077 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Overexpression of pPLAIIIγ in Arabidopsis Reduced Xylem Lignification of Stem by Regulating Peroxidases

by Jin Hoon Jang, Hae Seong Seo and Ok Ran Lee

Plants 2022, 11(2), 200; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants11020200 - 13 Jan 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1894

Abstract

Patatin-related phospholipases A (pPLAs) are a group of plant-specific acyl lipid hydrolases that share less homology with phospholipases than that observed in other organisms. Out of the three known subfamilies (pPLAI, pPLAII, and pPLAIII), the pPLAIII member of genes is particularly known for modifying the cell wall structure, resulting in less lignin content. Overexpression of pPLAIIIα and ginseng-derived PgpPLAIIIβ in Arabidopsis and hybrid poplar was reported to reduce the lignin content. Lignin is a complex racemic phenolic heteropolymer that forms the key structural material supporting most of the tissues in plants and plays an important role in the adaptive strategies of vascular plants. However, lignin exerts a negative impact on the utilization of plant biomass in the paper and pulp industry, forage digestibility, textile industry, and production of biofuel. Therefore, the overexpression of pPLAIIIγ in Arabidopsis was analyzed in this study. This overexpression led to the formation of dwarf plants with altered anisotropic growth and reduced lignification of the stem. Transcript levels of lignin biosynthesis-related genes, as well as lignin-specific transcription factors, decreased. Peroxidase-mediated oxidation of monolignols occurs in the final stage of lignin polymerization. Two secondary cell wall-specific peroxidases were downregulated following lowered H₂O₂ levels, which suggests a functional role of peroxidase in the reduction of lignification by pPLAIIIγ when overexpressed in Arabidopsis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Lipid-Hydrolyzing Proteins in Plant Growth)

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14 pages, 2787 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Reduced Longitudinal Growth Induced by Overexpression of pPLAIIIγ Is Regulated by Genes Encoding Microtubule-Associated Proteins

by Jin Hoon Jang, Hae Seong Seo and Ok Ran Lee

Plants 2021, 10(12), 2615; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants10122615 - 28 Nov 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2195

Abstract

There are three subfamilies of patatin-related phospholipase A (pPLA) group of genes: pPLAI, pPLAII, and pPLAIII. Among the four members of pPLAIIIs (α, β, γ, δ), the overexpression of three isoforms (α, β, and δ) displayed distinct morphological growth patterns, in which the anisotropic cell expansion was disrupted. Here, the least studied pPLAIIIγ was characterized, and it was found that the overexpression of pPLAIIIγ in Arabidopsis resulted in longitudinally reduced cell expansion patterns, which are consistent with the general phenotype induced by pPLAIIIs overexpression. The microtubule-associated protein MAP18 was found to be enriched in a pPLAIIIδ overexpressing line in a previous study. This indicates that factors, such as microtubules and ethylene biosynthesis, are involved in determining the radial cell expansion patterns. Microtubules have long been recognized to possess functional key roles in the processes of plant cells, including cell division, growth, and development, whereas ethylene treatment was reported to induce the reorientation of microtubules. Thus, the possible links between the altered anisotropic cell expansion and microtubules were studied. Our analysis revealed changes in the transcriptional levels of microtubule-associated genes, as well as phospholipase D (PLD) genes, upon the overexpression of pPLAIIIγ. Overall, our results suggest that the longitudinally reduced cell expansion observed in pPLAIIIγ overexpression is driven by microtubules via transcriptional modulation of the PLD and MAP genes. The altered transcripts of the genes involved in ethylene-biosynthesis in pPLAIIIγOE further support the conclusion that the typical phenotype is derived from the link with microtubules. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Lipid-Hydrolyzing Proteins in Plant Growth)

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Review

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10 pages, 839 KiB

Open AccessReview

Biogenesis and Lipase-Mediated Mobilization of Lipid Droplets in Plants

by Yun Ju Choi, Kseniia Zaikova, Soo-Jin Yeom, Yeong-Su Kim and Dong Wook Lee

Plants 2022, 11(9), 1243; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants11091243 - 05 May 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2772

Abstract

Cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs) derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) mainly contain neutral lipids, such as triacylglycerols (TAGs) and sterol esters, which are considered energy reserves. The metabolic pathways associated with LDs in eukaryotic species are involved in diverse cellular functions. TAG synthesis in plants is mediated by the sequential involvement of two subcellular organelles, i.e., plastids - plant-specific organelles, which serve as the site of lipid synthesis, and the ER. TAGs and sterol esters synthesized in the ER are sequestered to form LDs through the cooperative action of several proteins, such as SEIPINs, LD-associated proteins, LDAP-interacting proteins, and plant-specific proteins such as oleosins. The integrity and stability of LDs are highly dependent on oleosins, especially in the seeds, and oleosin degradation is critical for efficient mobilization of the TAGs of plant LDs. As the TAGs mobilize in LDs during germination and post-germinative growth, a plant-specific lipase—sugar-dependent 1 (SDP1)—plays a major role, through the inter-organellar communication between the ER and peroxisomes. In this review, we briefly recapitulate the different processes involved in the biogenesis and degradation of plant LDs, followed by a discussion of future perspectives in this field. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Lipid-Hydrolyzing Proteins in Plant Growth)

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24 pages, 3462 KiB

Open AccessReview

Phospholipids in Salt Stress Response

by Xiuli Han and Yongqing Yang

Plants 2021, 10(10), 2204; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants10102204 - 17 Oct 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3241

Abstract

High salinity threatens crop production by harming plants and interfering with their development. Plant cells respond to salt stress in various ways, all of which involve multiple components such as proteins, peptides, lipids, sugars, and phytohormones. Phospholipids, important components of bio-membranes, are small amphoteric molecular compounds. These have attracted significant attention in recent years due to the regulatory effect they have on cellular activity. Over the past few decades, genetic and biochemical analyses have partly revealed that phospholipids regulate salt stress response by participating in salt stress signal transduction. In this review, we summarize the generation and metabolism of phospholipid phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphoinositides (PIs), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), as well as the regulatory role each phospholipid plays in the salt stress response. We also discuss the possible regulatory role based on how they act during other cellular activities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Lipid-Hydrolyzing Proteins in Plant Growth)

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