Methods for the Chemical Analysis and Separation of Compounds in Plants

A special issue of Separations (ISSN 2297-8739). This special issue belongs to the section "Analysis of Natural Products and Pharmaceuticals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 7470

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Faculty of Pharmacy, Vasile Goldiș Western University of Arad, 310045 Arad, Romania
2. SC PlantExtrakt SRL, 407059 Rădaia, Cluj county, Romania
Interests: chromatography; phytochemistry’ biological activities of plant-origin bioactive compounds

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hațieganu Medicine and Pharmacy University, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: phytochemistry; biological activities of plant-origin bioactive compounds; chromatography
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldiș Western University of Arad, 310045 Arad, Romania
Interests: biological activities of bioactive compounds; microscopy; bioactive compounds in plants

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the last 20–30 years, a growing trend has been observed around the identification and use of products that have no harmful effects, minimal side-effects, and fit most naturally to the human body. This trend has led to the return of healthcare specialists to nature and plants, but with a modern approach that explicitly questions how plants help to heal humans, and what their exact effects on the human body are—as is evident from the increased number of recent studies on the therapeutic properties of plants. The question of how plants work on the human body is linked to the phytochemical composition of vegetal material, which is a complex matrix with a high number of organic compounds that must be separated in order to be identified. This can be achieved using modern, high-tech, hyphenated chromatographic methods that not only ensure the separation of bioactive compounds from plants but also provide us with plenty of information to be able to identify them. Modern healthcare professionals need more than just to know the phytochemical profile of a plant used in therapy; they also need to be able to link it to a biological activity, to explain the plant’s mechanism of action and therapeutic effect.

This Special Issue is open to expert reviews and original contributions in the field of phytochemistry, including papers on the use of modern analytical methods to identify bioactive compounds in different plant species and to demonstrate the biological activities linked to the identified compound’s profile. Specifically, we invite submissions on all topics related to plant analysis, including chromatographic and spectral analyses, and in vitro or in vivo demonstration of plants’ or plant-origin bioactive compounds’ biological activities.

This Special Issue also aims to allow scientists to correlate the phytochemical profile of plants with the demonstrated biological activities, which could later support health-related claims of medicines based on plants or botanical food supplements in the regulatory field.

Dr. Neli Kinga Olah
Dr. Daniela Hanganu
Dr. Violeta Turcuș
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Phytochemical analysis
  • Chromatography
  • Spectrophotometry
  • Biological activity
  • Antioxidant capacity
  • Antibacterial effect
  • Enzyme inhibition
  • Plant-origin bioactive compounds
  • Plants

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1095 KiB  
Article
Pattern Recognition of Phytoconstituents and Bioactivities of Date Pit Extracts from Different Cultivars Grown in the Qassim Area
by Elham Amin, Enas I. A. Mohamed, Amani Salem Alenezi, Maemonh Ali Aldwesh, Mohamed Sebak, Ibrahim A. Naguib, Sarah I. Bukhari, Khulud Bukhari, Mohamed A. Zaki and Naglaa Afifi
Separations 2023, 10(2), 102; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/separations10020102 - 02 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1235
Abstract
A huge number of date varieties grow annually throughout the world. The genetic variation between different date varieties is reflected in their variable sensory characters and phytochemical contents. Date pits are considered a waste product of the date industry, despite their rich metabolic [...] Read more.
A huge number of date varieties grow annually throughout the world. The genetic variation between different date varieties is reflected in their variable sensory characters and phytochemical contents. Date pits are considered a waste product of the date industry, despite their rich metabolic content. The present study attempts to generate visual clustering to clarify the diversity among fourteen date cultivars growing in the Qassim region, according to the phytochemical contents and biological potentials of their pits. The results indicated a wide variation in the total phenolic content (11.4–29.7 mg GAE/g), flavonoids content (21.9–37.1 mg RE/g), proanthocyanidine content (12.0–207.0 mg CE/g), and antioxidant potential (10.3–25.5 mg AEAC/g) among the tested cultivars. Screening the antimicrobial activity of extracts from the 14 tested cultivars indicated different activities against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Candida albicans. Multivariate analysis of phytochemical content and biological activity, using different analytical models, allowed the classification of the 14 cultivars into four classes, Class-1: Barhi, Safawi, and Sukkari; Class-2: Khodry and Nabtat Ali; Class-3: Ruthana, Segae, Shaqra, and Sheishee; and Class-4: Hulwa Aljouf, Mabroom, Meneifi, Rushodia, and Wannana. These findings provide a scientific basis for the classification of date pits which facilitates the future selection of promising candidates for more phytochemical and biological exploration. Full article
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13 pages, 1004 KiB  
Article
Trend of Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content in Wild Edible Plants as Part of the Environmental Quality Assessment of Some Areas in the Central Italy
by Ivan Notardonato, Francesca Fantasma, Pamela Monaco, Cristina Di Fiore, Gabriella Saviano, Carmen Giancola, Pasquale Avino and Vincenzo De Felice
Separations 2023, 10(2), 92; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/separations10020092 - 30 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1488
Abstract
Polyphenols are secondary metabolites of interest due to their potential application in various fields. This study is supposed to analyse the content of total polyphenols, total tannins, condensed tannins and antioxidant activity of ten wild plant species of nutritive interest to better understand [...] Read more.
Polyphenols are secondary metabolites of interest due to their potential application in various fields. This study is supposed to analyse the content of total polyphenols, total tannins, condensed tannins and antioxidant activity of ten wild plant species of nutritive interest to better understand their potential applications. Furthermore, the effect of heavy metals on the production of the investigated secondary metabolites was analysed. The different phenolic compounds were determined in methanol extracts obtained from edible plants collected during three sampling periods (June, September and November–December) in four areas of the Central Italy. Analyses were carried out by applying standard methodologies. In particular, total polyphenols were determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method, total tannins by the polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) reagent and condensed tannins by the 4-(dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde (DMCA). Antioxidant activity was determined by assessing the scavenging capacity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The results showed a satisfactory content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity for all species analysed. Furthermore, the existence of a negative correlation between the presence of heavy metals and phenolic compounds was found. Results proved the potential use of these plants for balanced feeding of ruminants. Full article
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14 pages, 1567 KiB  
Article
Influence of Geographical Location of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) on the Recovery of Bioactive Compounds Assisted by Pulsed Electric Fields
by Francesc Ramon-Mascarell, Francisco J. Martí-Quijal, Juan Manuel Castagnini, Yuthana Phimolsiripol, Warintorn Ruksiriwanich, Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka, Hafiza Mahreen Mehwish and Francisco J. Barba
Separations 2022, 9(9), 257; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/separations9090257 - 13 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1737
Abstract
Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) has been consumed by humans since ancient times. It is rich in high added-value compounds such as chlorophylls, carotenoids and polyphenols. Pulsed electric fields (PEF) is an innovative non-thermal technique that improves the extraction of bioactive compounds from [...] Read more.
Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) has been consumed by humans since ancient times. It is rich in high added-value compounds such as chlorophylls, carotenoids and polyphenols. Pulsed electric fields (PEF) is an innovative non-thermal technique that improves the extraction of bioactive compounds from diverse sources. PEF pre-treatment (3 kV/cm, 100 kJ/kg) combined with supplementary extraction with binary solvents at different times was evaluated to obtain the optimal conditions for extraction. In addition, the results obtained were compared with conventional treatment (without PEF pre-treatment and constant shaking) and different strains of Spirulina from diverse geographical locations. The optimal extraction conditions for recovering the bioactive compounds were obtained after applying PEF treatment combined with the binary mixture EtOH/H2O for 180 min. The recovery of total phenolic content (TPC) (19.76 ± 0.50 mg/g DM (dry matter) and carotenoids (0.50 ± 0.01 mg/g DM) was more efficient in the Spirulina from Spain. On the other hand, there was a higher recovery of chlorophylls in the Spirulina from China. The highest extraction of total antioxidant compounds was in Spirulina from Costa Rica. These results show that PEF, solvents and the condition of growing affect the extraction of antioxidant bioactive compounds from Spirulina. The combination of PEF and EtOH/H2O is a promising technology due to its environmental sustainability. Full article
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11 pages, 924 KiB  
Article
Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Extract from Flowers of Rosa damascena from Morocco
by Mounia Chroho, Aziz Bouymajane, Yassine Oulad El Majdoub, Francesco Cacciola, Luigi Mondello, Mustapha Aazza, Touriya Zair and Latifa Bouissane
Separations 2022, 9(9), 247; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/separations9090247 - 05 Sep 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2631
Abstract
Rosa damascena is referred to as the queen of roses due to its ornamental, flavoring, and perfuming uses, along with its recognized use in therapy. This study aimed to investigate the total phenols and flavonoids contents, the phenolic compounds, and study the antioxidant [...] Read more.
Rosa damascena is referred to as the queen of roses due to its ornamental, flavoring, and perfuming uses, along with its recognized use in therapy. This study aimed to investigate the total phenols and flavonoids contents, the phenolic compounds, and study the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the hydroethanolic extract from Rosa damascena flowers, collected from the Middle Atlas of Morocco (Khenifra). The total phenols and flavonoids were assessed using gallic acid and quercetin as standards, and the phenolic compounds were characterized using HPLC-PDA-ESI/MS. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by two methods, namely ferric reducing assay power and total antioxidant capacity. The broth microdilution method was employed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of extract against four bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes). Up to 16 phenolic compounds belonging to tannins and flavonoids were positively identified in the Rosa damascena extract. The latter displayed high antioxidant activity and exhibited a bacteriostatic effect against Escherichia coli and a bactericidal effect against Salmonella typhimuriumn, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. As a result, the flowers of Rosa damascena might be employed as natural agents in the pharmaceutical field. Full article
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