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Journals
Toxins
Special Issues
Antibodies for Toxins Detection and Prevention
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Antibodies for Toxins Detection and Prevention

A special issue of Toxins (ISSN 2072-6651).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2022) | Viewed by 5237

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Urpo J. Lamminmäki

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Guest Editor
Department of Life Technologies/Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
Interests: antibody engineering; bioaffinity assays;in vitro diagnostics
Dr. Riikka Peltomaa

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Guest Editor
Department of Life Technologies/Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
Interests: biosensor; immunoassay; mycotoxin

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The exceptional ability of antibodies to recognize their antigen with high specificity has made them essential tools in basic research, diagnostics, therapy, and virtually all branches of biotechnology and biomedicine. Use of antibodies in immunoassays and biosensors to detect various toxins ha attracted significant attention due to its inherent advantages, such as its cost-effectiveness, speed, and simplicity. On the other hand, antibodies can capture and inactivate potent toxins, and antibody therapy remains the only effective treatment for many toxin-mediated diseases. Toxins constitute a diverse group of molecules varying largely, e.g., in terms of size and biological effects. The development of antibodies against toxins can be hampered by various reasons, e.g., low molecular weight, toxicity or limited availability. In addition to monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, recombinant antibodies have been presented as an interesting alternative for obtaining novel toxin-targeting tools.

This Special Issue is dedicated to presenting recent applications and future prospects of antibodies for toxin detection and prevention. This includes the discovery of and novel screening approaches for antitoxin antibodies, together with antibody-based techniques for toxin analysis and for prevention their harmful effects to humans or environment. Furthermore, toxin targeting with alternative binders, such as aptamers, peptides, and molecularly imprinted polymers, and their comparison to antibody-based methods can be presented.

Dr. Urpo J. Lamminmäki
Dr. Riikka Peltomaa
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a double-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxins is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Toxin
  • antibody
  • biosensor
  • immunoassay
  • recombinant antibody
  • toxin-neutralizing antibodies
  • toxin capture

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1524 KiB  
Article
Alternative Hapten Design for Zearalenone Immunoreagent Generation
by Antonio Abad-Fuentes, Consuelo Agulló, Daniel López-Puertollano, Ismael Navarro-Fuertes, Antonio Abad-Somovilla and Josep Vicent Mercader
Toxins 2022, 14(3), 185; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/toxins14030185 - 02 Mar 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2102
Abstract
Appropriate hapten design and synthesis have been identified as critical steps to generate high-performance immunoreagents and to develop sensitive and selective immunoanalytical methods. Antibodies and immunoassays for the major mycotoxin zearalenone have been reported and marketed. However, zearalenone haptens have mostly been prepared [...] Read more.
Appropriate hapten design and synthesis have been identified as critical steps to generate high-performance immunoreagents and to develop sensitive and selective immunoanalytical methods. Antibodies and immunoassays for the major mycotoxin zearalenone have been reported and marketed. However, zearalenone haptens have mostly been prepared by the oxime active ester technique, and hapten characterization has generally been poor or non-existent. In the present study, novel haptens of zearalenone with longer linkers and with alternative tethering sites have been designed for immunizing and assay conjugate preparation. All of these molecules were purified and spectroscopically verified, and a structure-activity relationship evaluation was carried out. This approach revealed that the hapten with the linker at the carbonyl group generated antibodies with a higher affinity than the hapten functionalized at the phenyl moiety. Antibodies produced with the latter hapten, on the other hand, showed lower cross-reactivity values to the major zearalenone metabolites. Finally, similar immunoassay sensitivity was achieved with all of the antibodies when heterologous haptens were employed. Furthermore, by altering the structure of the competing antigen, the immunoassay selectivity was modified. These results demonstrate that immunochemical methods for zearalenone rapid analysis can still be improved in terms of sensitivity and selectivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibodies for Toxins Detection and Prevention)
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Review

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21 pages, 6241 KiB  
Review
Progress in Immunoassays of Toxic Alkaloids in Plant-Derived Medicines: A Review
by Zhenhui Ren, Huixia Zhang, Zile Wang, Xin Chen, Liu Yang and Haiyang Jiang
Toxins 2022, 14(3), 165; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/toxins14030165 - 23 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2708
Abstract
Plants are the cradle of the traditional medicine system, assuaging human or animal diseases, and promoting health for thousands of years. However, many plant-derived medicines contain toxic alkaloids of varying degrees of toxicity that pose a direct or indirect threat to human and [...] Read more.
Plants are the cradle of the traditional medicine system, assuaging human or animal diseases, and promoting health for thousands of years. However, many plant-derived medicines contain toxic alkaloids of varying degrees of toxicity that pose a direct or indirect threat to human and animal health through accidental ingestion, misuse of plant materials, or through the food chain. Thus, rapid, easy, and sensitive methods are needed to effectively screen these toxic alkaloids to guarantee the safety of plant-derived medicines. Antibodies, due to their inherent specificity and high affinity, have been used as a variety of analytical tools and techniques. This review describes the antigen synthesis and antibody preparation of the common toxic alkaloids in plant-derived medicines and discusses the advances of antibody-based immunoassays in the screening and detection of toxic alkaloids in plants or other related matrices. Finally, the limitations and prospects of immunoassays for toxic alkaloids are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibodies for Toxins Detection and Prevention)
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