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Vaccines
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Cancer Vaccines 3.0
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Cancer Vaccines 3.0

A special issue of Vaccines (ISSN 2076-393X). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2025 | Viewed by 9733

Special Issue Editor

Dr. So Young Yoo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
Interests: cancer immunotherapy; virotherapy; regenerative therapy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is a continuation of our previous Special Issue "Cancer Vaccine 2.0" (https://0-www-mdpi-com.brum.beds.ac.uk/journal/vaccines/special_issues/cancerv_vaccines).

Vaccines have saved millions of people from infectious diseases. Despite advances in immunology and medicine, developing vaccines against cancers is still a challenge for researchers. Recent studies have shown some remarkable steps toward successful development. Vaccines are used to induce antitumor immunity through specific tumor-associated antigens. Cancer cells also express normal cell antigens, which limits the development of therapeutic vaccines. Targeting tumor-associated antigens and neoantigens on cancer cells is widely used to stimulate effective antitumor immunity in therapeutic vaccine approaches. In addition, various adjuvants have been used to enhance antitumor immunity with these targeting approaches. The tumor microenvironment comprises various immune cells and suppresses tumor antigen expression. In order to target the tumor microenvironment, combined therapeutic approaches using oncolytic viruses, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and adoptive T-cells therapy have been widely employed. This Special Issue will specially focus on cancer vaccine development. Therefore, we welcome research articles as well as review articles, which would not only provide immense knowledge in these topics but also lead to new directions in cancer vaccine research.

Dr. So Young Yoo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vaccines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cancer immunotherapy
  • therapeutic vaccine
  • tumor-associated antigens
  • neoantigens
  • adjuvant
  • tumor microenvironment
  • oncolytic viruses
  • immune checkpoint inhibitors

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review, Other

20 pages, 4405 KiB  
Article
Optimization and Validation of a Harmonized Protocol for Generating Therapeutic-Grade Dendritic Cells in a Randomized Phase II Clinical Trial, Using Two Varied Antigenic Sources
by Abirami Seetharaman, Vasanth Christopher, Hemavathi Dhandapani, Hascitha Jayakumar, Manikandan Dhanushkodi, Narmadha Bhaskaran, Swaminathan Rajaraman, Rama Ranganathan, Shirley Sunder Singh, Varalakshmi Vijayakumar, Arivazhagan Rajamanickam, Anil Suri, Nirmala Jagadish, Thangarajan Rajkumar and Priya Ramanathan
Vaccines 2024, 12(2), 112; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines12020112 - 23 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1104
Abstract
Autologous dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy is a cell-based advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP) that was first introduced more than three decades ago. In the current study, our objective was to establish a harmonized protocol using two varied antigenic sources and a good manufacturing [...] Read more.
Autologous dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy is a cell-based advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP) that was first introduced more than three decades ago. In the current study, our objective was to establish a harmonized protocol using two varied antigenic sources and a good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant, manual method for generating clinical-grade DCs at a limited-resource academic setting. After obtaining ethical committee-approved informed consent, the recruited patients underwent leukapheresis, and single-batch DC production was carried out. Using responder-independent flow cytometric assays as quality control (QC) criteria, we propose a differentiation and maturation index (DI and MI, respectively), calculated with the QC cut-off and actual scores of each batch for comparison. Changes during cryopreservation and personnel variation were assessed periodically for up to two to three years. Using our harmonized batch production protocol, the average DI was 1.39 and MI was 1.25. Allogenic responder proliferation was observed in all patients, while IFN-gamma secretion, evaluated using flow cytometry, was detected in 10/36 patients and significantly correlated with CD8+ T cell proliferation (p value-0.0002). Tracking the viability and phenotype of cryopreserved MDCs showed a >90% viability for up to three years, while a mature DC phenotype was retained for up to one year. Our results confirm that the manual/semi-automated protocol was simple, consistent, and cost-effective, without the requirement for expensive equipment and without compromising on the quality of the final product. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cancer Vaccines 3.0)
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12 pages, 295 KiB  
Article
Willingness to Pay for HPV Vaccine among Women Living with HIV in Nigeria
by Folahanmi T. Akinsolu, Olunike Abodunrin, Ifeoluwa E. Adewole, Mobolaji Olagunju, Aisha O. Gambari, Dolapo O. Raji, Ifeoma E. Idigbe, Diana W. Njuguna, Abideen Salako and Oliver C. Ezechi
Vaccines 2023, 11(5), 928; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines11050928 - 03 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2168
Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for most cervical cancer cases globally, with women living with HIV having a higher risk of persistent HPV infection and HPV-associated disease. The HPV vaccine is a promising tool to reduce cervical cancer rates, but its uptake [...] Read more.
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for most cervical cancer cases globally, with women living with HIV having a higher risk of persistent HPV infection and HPV-associated disease. The HPV vaccine is a promising tool to reduce cervical cancer rates, but its uptake among women living with HIV in Nigeria is unknown. Methods: A facility-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1371 women living with HIV to assess their knowledge of HPV, cervical cancer, and the HPV vaccine as well as their willingness to pay for the vaccine at the HIV treatment clinic at the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos. To identify factors associated with the willingness to pay for the HPV vaccine, multivariable logistic regression models were developed. Results: This study found that 79.1% of participants had not heard of the vaccine, and only 29.0% knew its efficacy in preventing cervical cancer. In addition, 68.3% of participants were unwilling to pay for the vaccine, and the average amount they were willing to pay was low. Knowledge of HPV, the HPV vaccine, and cervical cancer and income were factors associated with the willingness to pay for the vaccine. Health workers were the primary source of information. Conclusions: This study highlights the lack of knowledge and low willingness to pay for the HPV vaccine among women living with HIV in Nigeria and emphasizes the importance of improving education and awareness. Factors associated with the willingness to pay, such as income and knowledge, were identified. Practical strategies, such as community outreach and school-based education programs, could be developed to increase vaccine uptake. Further research is needed to explore additional factors influencing the willingness to pay. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cancer Vaccines 3.0)

Review

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28 pages, 1882 KiB  
Review
Oral Administration of Cancer Vaccines: Challenges and Future Perspectives
by Marta Gambirasi, Amin Safa, Idris Vruzhaj, Aurora Giacomin, Franca Sartor and Giuseppe Toffoli
Vaccines 2024, 12(1), 26; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines12010026 - 26 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1430
Abstract
Cancer vaccines, a burgeoning strategy in cancer treatment, are exploring innovative administration routes to enhance patient and medical staff experiences, as well as immunological outcomes. Among these, oral administration has surfaced as a particularly noteworthy approach, which is attributed to its capacity to [...] Read more.
Cancer vaccines, a burgeoning strategy in cancer treatment, are exploring innovative administration routes to enhance patient and medical staff experiences, as well as immunological outcomes. Among these, oral administration has surfaced as a particularly noteworthy approach, which is attributed to its capacity to ignite both humoral and cellular immune responses at systemic and mucosal tiers, thereby potentially bolstering vaccine efficacy comprehensively and durably. Notwithstanding this, the deployment of vaccines through the oral route in a clinical context is impeded by multifaceted challenges, predominantly stemming from the intricacy of orchestrating effective oral immunogenicity and necessitating strategic navigation through gastrointestinal barriers. Based on the immunogenicity of the gastrointestinal tract, this review critically analyses the challenges and recent advances and provides insights into the future development of oral cancer vaccines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cancer Vaccines 3.0)
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16 pages, 318 KiB  
Review
A Comprehensive Review on Cancer Vaccines and Vaccine Strategies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
by Alireza Tojjari, Ahmed Saeed, Meghana Singh, Ludimila Cavalcante, Ibrahim Halil Sahin and Anwaar Saeed
Vaccines 2023, 11(8), 1357; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines11081357 - 12 Aug 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2496
Abstract
HCC, the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer, presents a substantial global health challenge due to its high mortality and limited therapeutic options. This review delves into the potential of cancer vaccines as a novel therapeutic avenue for HCC. We examine the [...] Read more.
HCC, the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer, presents a substantial global health challenge due to its high mortality and limited therapeutic options. This review delves into the potential of cancer vaccines as a novel therapeutic avenue for HCC. We examine the various categories of cancer vaccines, including peptide-based, dendritic cell-based, viral vector-based, DNA, and mRNA vaccines, and their potential application in HCC management. This review also addresses the inherent challenges in vaccine development, such as tumor heterogeneity and the need for identifying tumor-specific antigens. We underscore the role of cancer vaccines in reshaping the immune environment within HCC, fostering durable immune memory, and their potential in combination therapies. The review also evaluates clinical trials and emphasizes the necessity for more extensive research to optimize vaccine design and patient selection criteria. We conclude with future perspectives, highlighting the significance of personalized therapies, innovative antigen delivery platforms, immune modulatory agents, and predictive biomarkers in revolutionizing HCC treatment. Simple Summary: This review explores the potential of cancer vaccines as a promising therapeutic strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a prevalent and deadly liver cancer. The authors discuss various types of cancer vaccines, their challenges, and their role in modulating the immune response within HCC. They also highlight clinical trials and future perspectives, emphasizing the importance of personalized therapies, novel antigen delivery platforms, and predictive biomarkers. The findings from this research could significantly impact the research community by providing a comprehensive understanding of the current state of cancer vaccines for HCC, thereby guiding future research and potentially transforming HCC treatment strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cancer Vaccines 3.0)

Other

Jump to: Research, Review

16 pages, 1554 KiB  
Systematic Review
In Vivo Oncolytic Virotherapy in Murine Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review
by Muhammad Joan Ailia and So Young Yoo
Vaccines 2022, 10(9), 1541; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vaccines10091541 - 16 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1990
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Current therapies often provide marginal survival benefits at the expense of undesirable side effects. Oncolytic viruses represent a novel strategy for the treatment of HCC due to their inherent ability to [...] Read more.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Current therapies often provide marginal survival benefits at the expense of undesirable side effects. Oncolytic viruses represent a novel strategy for the treatment of HCC due to their inherent ability to cause direct tumor cell lysis while sparing normal tissue and their capacity to stimulate potent immune responses directed against uninfected tumor cells and distant metastases. Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a promising cancer treatment, but before it can become a standard option in practice, several challenges—systemic viral delivery optimization/enhancement, inter-tumoral virus dispersion, anti-cancer immunity cross-priming, and lack of artificial model systems—need to be addressed. Addressing these will require an in vivo model that accurately mimics the tumor microenvironment and allows the scientific community to design a more precise and accurate OVT. Due to their close physiologic resemblance to humans, murine cancer models are the likely preferred candidates. To provide an accurate assessment of the current state of in vivo OVT in HCC, we have reviewed a comprehensively searched body of work using murine in vivo HCC models for OVT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cancer Vaccines 3.0)
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