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Veterinary Sciences
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Advances in Orthopaedic and Traumatology in Dog and Cat
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Advances in Orthopaedic and Traumatology in Dog and Cat

A special issue of Veterinary Sciences (ISSN 2306-7381).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2022) | Viewed by 31175

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Filippo Maria Martini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Parma, Via del Taglio, 8, I-43126 Parma, Italy
Interests: canine and feline orthopedics; fracture and joint surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Michele d’Amato

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Veterinaria Roma Sud srl - Sede Operativa: via Pilade Mazza, 24 - 00173 Roma, Italy
Interests: canine and feline orthopedic; fracture and joint surgery
Dr. Chadi Eid

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
ORTOVET stp srl, viale Mentana, 45, 43121 Parma, Italy
Interests: canine and feline orthopedic; fracture and joint surgery

Special Issue Information

Over the last decade, veterinary orthopedics has markedly developed. Advanced methods are more frequently used for the diagnosis of diseases of the osteoarticular system (CT, MRI, arthroscopy). This allows for a better definition of the problem and a more precise setting of therapeutic protocols. Orthopedic surgery has also evolved both in the field of fracture management, with the use of angular stable implants, and in joint surgery field. Today TPLO, TTA, and other tibial osteotomies are considered the gold standard treatments for cranial cruciate ligament rupture, whilst total joint replacement represents the state-of-the-art technique for DJD. Moreover, arthroscopy is increasingly playing a role in the diagnosis and treatment of numerous joint pathologies. Corrective osteotomies are used more often for the treatment of limb deformities and specific pathologies (e.g., patellar luxation) and innovative materials are progressively proposed for the reconstruction of tendons and ligaments.

The aim of this Special Issue is to reflect the experimental and clinical aspects of orthopedics and traumatology in dogs and cats. Particular attention will be given to fracture treatment, limb deformity, corrective osteotomy, joint luxation, tendon and ligament failure, congenital disorders, degenerative disease, and surgical techniques and their outcomes.

We invite submission of original research, reviews, case reports, and brief communications.

Prof. Dr. Filippo Maria Martini
Dr. Michele d’Amato
Dr. Chadi Eid
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Veterinary Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dog
  • cat
  • fracture
  • corrective osteotomy
  • osteosynthesis
  • limb deformities
  • joint
  • luxation

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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8 pages, 1157 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Iatrogenic Sciatic Nerve Injury following Double Pelvic Osteotomy Performed with Piezoelectric Cutting Tool in Dogs
by Roberto Properzi, Francesco Collivignarelli, Andrea Paolini, Amanda Bianchi, Massimo Vignoli, Ilaria Falerno, Andrea De Bonis and Roberto Tamburro
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(6), 259; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vetsci9060259 - 29 May 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2186
Abstract
(1) Background: The double pelvic osteotomy (DPO) is a prophylactic surgical procedure associated with 0.4% incidence of sciatic nerve injury. The piezoelectric cutting tool is a surgical device able to involve only mineralized tissue avoiding neurovascular tissue and other soft tissue. This study [...] Read more.
(1) Background: The double pelvic osteotomy (DPO) is a prophylactic surgical procedure associated with 0.4% incidence of sciatic nerve injury. The piezoelectric cutting tool is a surgical device able to involve only mineralized tissue avoiding neurovascular tissue and other soft tissue. This study aimed to evaluate the sciatic nerve injury observed in dogs underwent iliac osteotomy performed using the piezoelectric cutting tool. (2) Methods: Dogs underwent DPO performed with piezoelectric cutting tool were included. Neurological assessment was performed 6 and 24 h after surgery and then repeated 12 days, 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. Temporary and or permanent sciatic nerve injury were recorded. (3) Results: 84 DPOs performed in fifty dogs were included. No temporary/permanent neurological disease associated with iatrogenic damage of the sciatic nerve were observed. (4) Conclusions: The iliac osteotomy performed with piezoelectric cutting tool was not associated to iatrogenic sciatic nerve injury. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Orthopaedic and Traumatology in Dog and Cat)
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11 pages, 914 KiB  
Article
Incidence of Patellar Desmopathy in the Modified Maquet Technique with and without PRGF
by Victoria Valiño-Cultelli, Óscar Varela-López and Antonio González-Cantalapiedra
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(4), 180; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vetsci9040180 - 10 Apr 2022
Viewed by 2678
Abstract
Patellar desmopathy can lead to desmitis, discomfort, and lameness. In the traditional MMT, a pin is used for the fixation of the fragment of the osteotomized tibia to the implant and the tibial diaphysis; this pin needs to be placed below the insertion [...] Read more.
Patellar desmopathy can lead to desmitis, discomfort, and lameness. In the traditional MMT, a pin is used for the fixation of the fragment of the osteotomized tibia to the implant and the tibial diaphysis; this pin needs to be placed below the insertion of the patellar ligament to avoid damaging it. Considering the differences between TTA and MMT, the authors consider it important to determine the incidence of patellar desmopathy in the MMT. This is a prospective study that enrolled 53 owned dogs that underwent MMT and were followed up by a complete examination and radiograph controls to establish the patellar tendon thickening and the presence of clinical desmitis. The PRGF were administrated to 29 of those patients, in order to determine if PRGF’s action could decrease ligament desmitis. The conclusions in this study were that the desmopathy produced by the MMT is similar to that generated by the TTA if the pin is carefully placed; in addition, the PRGF did not decrease the inflammation and the thickening of the ligament. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Orthopaedic and Traumatology in Dog and Cat)
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12 pages, 672 KiB  
Article
Inter- and Intra-Observer Variations in Radiographic Evaluation of Pelvic Limbs in Yorkshire Terriers with Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture and Patellar Luxation
by Karol Ševčík, Marián Hluchý, Marieta Ševčíková, Michal Domaniža and Valent Ledecký
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(4), 179; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vetsci9040179 - 10 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2802
Abstract
The main aims of the study were to describe bone alignment differences in Yorkshire Terriers (YT) with cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR), patellar luxation (PL), or with a combination of both (CCLR + PL); to verify the theory of increased strain on cranial [...] Read more.
The main aims of the study were to describe bone alignment differences in Yorkshire Terriers (YT) with cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR), patellar luxation (PL), or with a combination of both (CCLR + PL); to verify the theory of increased strain on cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) due to PL as a predisposing factor; and to evaluate intra- and inter-observer variability of the protocols developed for measurement of femoral and tibial alignment in Yorkshire Terriers. Fifty-five hindlimbs of YT were divided into four groups: Control, CCLR, PL, and CCLR + PL. Thirty parameters were radiographically evaluated including hip joint, femoral, tibial, and intercondylar fossa (ICF) parameters. Three observers evaluated all parameters on two separate occasions with a twelve-week interval between measurements. Significant differences in conjunction with CCLR and PL theories between groups were noticed in: Norberg angle (NA), quadriceps angle (Qa), anatomic lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA), femoral varus (FVA), mechanical cranial proximal tibial angle (mCrPTA), mechanical caudal proximal tibial angle (mCdPTA), tibial plateau angle (TPA), distal tibial axis/proximal tibial axis angle (DPA). Some interesting findings are the similarity of values between Control and CCLR vs. CCLR + PL and PL groups in Na, Qa, aLDFA; between CCLR + PL and PL in FVA and a significantly lower age of dogs in CCLR + PL compared to CCLR group. Based on our results, we can conclude that YT with different clinical findings have differing bone morphology. Moreover, these findings may support PL as a predisposing factor for CCLR in small breeds. Measurements in which excellent inter- observer agreement was achieved may be used for surgical planning or for further discussions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Orthopaedic and Traumatology in Dog and Cat)
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11 pages, 1184 KiB  
Article
Comparison between Areas of Bone Visualization Using Radiolucent Hybrid Fixator Frames and Graphically Simulated Metallic Frames: An Ex Vivo Study
by Andrea Bonardi, Gian Luca Rovesti, Filippo Maria Martini, Francesco Dondi, Davide Benedini and Fabio Barbieri
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(3), 120; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vetsci9030120 - 07 Mar 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1970
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the difference between the amount of bone visible with the superimposition of a radiolucent hybrid external fixator and a graphically simulated metallic frame. Eighteen frames were applied to eighteen bone specimens. The fracture area (FA), [...] Read more.
The objective of this study is to evaluate the difference between the amount of bone visible with the superimposition of a radiolucent hybrid external fixator and a graphically simulated metallic frame. Eighteen frames were applied to eighteen bone specimens. The fracture area (FA), the radiolucent area (RLA) and the radiopaque area (ROA) inside the FA were calculated for each construct on both postoperative views. The ratio between the RLA and FA and between the ROA and FA was used to evaluate the amount of bone visible in the FA with a radiolucent and a radiopaque fixator, respectively. Finally, the areas of RLA and ROA were compared using the Wilcoxon test and Friedman test to evaluate the effect of the radiolucent material on the amount of bone visible. Differences were considered significant if p < 0.5. In every specimen p was <0.5. The amount of bone visible was significantly higher with the radiolucent frame compared to the radiopaque frame. Based on the results of this study, the use of radiolucent materials can be a valuable option for external fixation, in order to decrease the radiographic interference of the frame, allowing better assessment of fracture reduction and bone healing on postoperative radiographs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Orthopaedic and Traumatology in Dog and Cat)
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19 pages, 1769 KiB  
Article
Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Short- and Long-Term Outcomes of Different Treatments Adopted for Elbow Medial Compartment Disease in Dogs
by Daniele Serrani, Sara Sassaroli, Francesco Gallorini, Alberto Salvaggio, Adolfo Maria Tambella, Ilaria Biagioli and Angela Palumbo Piccionello
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(2), 70; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vetsci9020070 - 07 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4855
Abstract
Medial compartment disease is a common occurrence in dogs affected by elbow dysplasia. Despite many treatments suggested in the literature, only few studies reported comparative outcomes in the short and long term. The aim of this study is to report and compare short- [...] Read more.
Medial compartment disease is a common occurrence in dogs affected by elbow dysplasia. Despite many treatments suggested in the literature, only few studies reported comparative outcomes in the short and long term. The aim of this study is to report and compare short- and long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of dogs treated for medial compartment disease (MCD) by distal dynamic ulnar ostectomy (DUO), bi-oblique dynamic proximal ulnar osteotomy (BODPUO) and conservative management (CM). From 2016 to 2018, all medium to large dogs, aged between 5 and 12 months, affected by uni/bilateral MCD and treated by DUO, BODPUO or CM, were enrolled in this study and followed up for 24 months. Orthopedic and radiographic examinations were performed at T0, T2, T12 and T24 months after treatment. Lameness score, elbow arthralgia, elbow range of motion (ROM), osteoarthritis (OA) score and percentage of ulnar subtrochlear sclerosis (%STS) were evaluated at each time point. According to the treatment performed, dogs were divided into three groups: DUO, BODPUO and CM. Forty-five elbows from twenty-six dogs, treated with DUO (n = 17), BODPUO (n = 17) or CM (n = 11), were prospectively enrolled in the study. The patients enrolled in the CM group were older and showed more severe radiographic signs of OA, compared to those enrolled in the other two groups. Lameness and arthralgia scores (p < 10−4) were significantly decreased in patients that underwent surgical treatment and increased in patients managed conservatively (lameness p < 10−4, arthralgia p = 0.3068), at T12 and T24. OA score (p < 0.0040) and ROM (DUO, CM p < 10−4; BODPUO p = 0.0740) worsened in every study group, but %STS decreased in DUO (p = 0.0108), increased in the CM group (p = 0.0025) and remained unchanged in the BODPUO group (p = 0.2740). This study supports the clinical efficacy of DUO and BODPUO in reducing lameness, arthralgia and progression of %STS. Early diagnosis and surgical attention in patients affected by MCD can improve the short- and long-term outcome and reduce the progression of secondary changes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Orthopaedic and Traumatology in Dog and Cat)
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Review

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23 pages, 399 KiB  
Review
Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture in Dogs: Review on Biomechanics, Etiopathogenetic Factors and Rehabilitation
by Giuseppe Spinella, Giulia Arcamone and Simona Valentini
Vet. Sci. 2021, 8(9), 186; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vetsci8090186 - 06 Sep 2021
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 10009
Abstract
Cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) rupture is one of the most common orthopaedic conditions in veterinary medicine. CrCL plays a fundamental role in the stability and biomechanics of the femoral-tibio-patellar joint, and its incorrect functionality severely impacts on the quality of life of patients. [...] Read more.
Cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) rupture is one of the most common orthopaedic conditions in veterinary medicine. CrCL plays a fundamental role in the stability and biomechanics of the femoral-tibio-patellar joint, and its incorrect functionality severely impacts on the quality of life of patients. In dogs, the structural weakening of this joint due to the progressive degeneration of the ligament is the most accredited etiopathogenetic hypothesis in relation to the dog signalment (breed, sex and age) and the stifle joint conformation. In humans, this injury is often traumatic and generally occurs during sporting activities. CrCL rupture can be managed conservatively or surgically, and decisions regarding treatment are due to numerous factors: the patient’s age and health, the degree of stifle instability, and cost. Physiotherapy protocols play an important role in rehabilitation, with similar goals in humans and dogs: pain management, physiological articular range of motion recovery, periarticular and core muscle strengthening, and proprioceptive deficit correction. Physiotherapy, even if often neglected in veterinary medicine, is mandatory for the recovery of the correct functionality of the injured limb and for the return to normal daily and sporting activities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Orthopaedic and Traumatology in Dog and Cat)

Other

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7 pages, 2098 KiB  
Case Report
Ischiocavernosus Muscle Release for Urethral Obstruction Treatment after Pelvic Symphyseal Distraction Osteotomy in a Cat with Pelvic Stenosis
by Yoon-Ho Roh, Jeong-Nam Kim, Pill-Moo Byun, Dae-Hyun Kim, Seong-Mok Jeong and Hae-Beom Lee
Vet. Sci. 2021, 8(10), 225; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/vetsci8100225 - 12 Oct 2021
Viewed by 4616
Abstract
Symphyseal distraction osteotomy (SDO) with a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) spacer is an effective surgical treatment for cats with pelvic stenosis. This study reports the successful treatment of urethral obstruction due to ischiocavernosus muscle (IM) tension after SDO with a PMMA spacer. A 2-year-old [...] Read more.
Symphyseal distraction osteotomy (SDO) with a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) spacer is an effective surgical treatment for cats with pelvic stenosis. This study reports the successful treatment of urethral obstruction due to ischiocavernosus muscle (IM) tension after SDO with a PMMA spacer. A 2-year-old castrated male Korean domestic shorthair feline had megacolon and pelvic canal stenosis. The ratio of the maximal diameter of the colon to the L5 length and the pelvic canal diameter ratio were 1.6 and 0.45, respectively. Pelvic SDO was performed with a PMMA spacer, leading to pelvic canal enlargement (pelvic canal diameter ratio: 0.73). Two days after surgery, dysuria was identified immediately after removing the preoperatively placed urinary catheter. Complete blood counts and serum biochemical profiles were within the reference intervals, and a positive contrast retrograde urethrogram confirmed urethral obstruction at the level of the membranous–pelvic urethra region. Increased tension of the IM leading to a narrowed urethra was suspected as the cause of urethral obstruction. After IM release at the level of origin on the ischium, the patient had an uneventful recovery with spontaneous urination. Muscle release resulted in excellent functional restoration, with no intraoperative or postoperative complications reported during the 12-month long-term follow-up. Therefore, SDO with IM release could be a feasible therapeutic option for severe pelvic stenosis without complications, such as urethral obstruction, in cats. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Orthopaedic and Traumatology in Dog and Cat)
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