The Use of Lupin as a Source of Protein in Animal Feeding: Genomic Tools and Breeding Approaches
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Economic Importance, Growing Region
2.1. The Genus Lupinus
2.2. The Uses and Production of Lupins
3. The Use of Lupins in Livestock Farming Systems
3.1. Seed Yield Production
3.2. Nutritive Value and Antinutritional Factors
3.3. The Lupins in Livestock Farming Systems
4. Available Genomic Resources and Breeding Trends
5. Breeding of Lupins
5.1. Target Traits for Breeding and Cultivar Release
5.2. Progress and Prospects in Lupin Breeding for Biotic Stresses
5.3. Progress and Prospects in Lupine Breeding for Abiotic Stresses
5.3.1. Salt Stress
5.3.2. Alkaline Soils
5.3.3. Breeding Perspectives
6. Marker-Trait Associations
7. Genome Sequence Efforts in Lupins
8. The Use of Genomic Tools in Breeding Programs
9. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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L. albus a | L. angustifolius b | L. luteus c | L. mutabilis d | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Crude Protein (% of DM) | 33–47 | 31–37 | 37–38 | 32–52 |
Crude fibre (% of DM) | 13–16 | 15–17 | 12–15 | 10 |
Metabolized Energy (MJ/kg DM) | 13–16 | 12–13 | 10 | na |
Oil (%) | 6–13 | 6–7 | 5–9 | 13–24 |
Total oligosaccharides (% of DM) | 7–8 | 8–9 | na | na |
Non-starch polysaccharides (%) | 18 | 47–51 | na | na |
Essential amino acids (g/16 gN) | ||||
Lys | 4.9–5.1 | 4.5–5.0 | 4.2–4.6 | 5.0–7.3 |
Met | 0.6–0.7 | 0.6–0.7 | 0.6–0.7 | 0.4–1.4 |
Cys | 1.8–2.1 | 1.3–1.6 | 1.8–2.5 | 1.4–1.7 |
Leu | 7.5–8.0 | 6.0–7.6 | 6.1–7.3 | 5.7–7.8 |
Thr | 3.1–4.0 | 3.0–3.3 | 2.6–3.2 | 3.0–4.0 |
LOCUS | Trait | Species a | Marker | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Iucundus | low alkaloids | NLL | IucLi | [147] |
pauper | low alkaloids | WL | PauperM1 | [150] |
mollis | water-permeability of testa | NLL | MoLi | [152] |
Ku | Early flowering—vernalization | NLL | KuHM1 | [151] |
Ku | Early flowering—vernalization | NLL | dFTc | [154] |
tardus | reduced shattering | NLL | TaLi | [158] |
lentus | reduced shattering | NLL | LeM1, LeM2 | [151] |
lentus | reduced shattering | NLL | LeLi | [159] |
Lanr1 | anthracnose disease resistance | NLL | AntjM2 | [95] |
PSB-res | phomopsis stem blight resistance | NLL | PhtjM4, PhtjM7 | [109] |
Lupinus albus L. | Lupinus angustifolius L. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BAC libraries | References | BAC libraries | Two centromeric BAC clones; 111, 360 clones (12× coverage); (26.9× coverage containing 57,807 genes) | [161,162,169] | |
Genome assemblies | Genome assemblies | Draft genome sequence (609 Mb) | [145] | ||
Genetic linkage maps | MFLP loci; HRM-STS markers | [170,171] | Genetic linkage maps | STS markers | [146] |
Transcriptome and proteome assemblies | De Novo Transcriptome assembly, gene annotation and functional classification; EST and protein datasets | [167,168] | Transcriptome and proteome assemblies | 335 transcriptome-derived markers | [164] |
QTL mapping | seed alkaloid content, flowering time, resistance to Phomopsis stem blight, anthracnose resistance | [93,174] | QTL mapping | ||
Association mapping | AFLP markers for seed weight | [175] | Association mapping | ||
Comparative mapping | Lupinus angustifolius; Medicago truncatula | [166,174] | Comparative mapping | Lotus japonicus; synteny analysis among legume species; Glycine max | [146,169,173] |
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Abraham, E.M.; Ganopoulos, I.; Madesis, P.; Mavromatis, A.; Mylona, P.; Nianiou-Obeidat, I.; Parissi, Z.; Polidoros, A.; Tani, E.; Vlachostergios, D. The Use of Lupin as a Source of Protein in Animal Feeding: Genomic Tools and Breeding Approaches. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 851. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms20040851
Abraham EM, Ganopoulos I, Madesis P, Mavromatis A, Mylona P, Nianiou-Obeidat I, Parissi Z, Polidoros A, Tani E, Vlachostergios D. The Use of Lupin as a Source of Protein in Animal Feeding: Genomic Tools and Breeding Approaches. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(4):851. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms20040851
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbraham, Eleni M., Ioannis Ganopoulos, Panagiotis Madesis, Athanasios Mavromatis, Photini Mylona, Irini Nianiou-Obeidat, Zoi Parissi, Alexios Polidoros, Eleni Tani, and Dimitrios Vlachostergios. 2019. "The Use of Lupin as a Source of Protein in Animal Feeding: Genomic Tools and Breeding Approaches" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 4: 851. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms20040851