Family Communication and Verbal Child-to-Parent Violence among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Perceived Stress
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. Degree of Openness and Extent of Problems in Family Communication
2.3.2. Perceived Stress
2.3.3. Child-to-Parent Verbal Violence
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Analysis
3.2. Analysis of Structural Equations
3.2.1. Measurement Model
3.2.2. Structural Equation Model (SEM)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Observed Variables | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. CP1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
2. CP2 | −0.539 ** | 1 | |||||||||||
3. CP3 | 0.125 ** | 0.236 ** | 1 | ||||||||||
4. OC1 | −0.350 ** | −0.240 ** | 0.030 | 1 | |||||||||
5. OC2 | −0.382 ** | −0.265 ** | 0.056 | 0.730 ** | 1 | ||||||||
6. OC3 | −0.342 ** | −0.288 ** | −0.003 | 0.743 ** | 0.788 ** | 1 | |||||||
7. VCPV1 | 0.361 ** | 0.362 ** | −0.032 | −0.172 ** | −0.224 ** | −0.212 ** | 1 | ||||||
8. VCPV2 | 0.292 ** | 0.306 ** | −0.065 * | −0.153 ** | −0.207 ** | −0.187 ** | 0.518 ** | 1 | |||||
9. VCPV3 | 0.196 ** | 0.204 ** | 0.001 | −0.122 ** | −0.138 ** | −0.158 ** | 0.330 ** | 0.299 ** | 1 | ||||
10. PS1 | 0.262 ** | 0.206 ** | 0.072 * | −0.226 ** | −0.235 ** | −0.228 ** | 0.245 ** | 0.179 ** | 0.218 ** | 1 | |||
11. PS2 | 0.181 ** | 0.171 ** | 0.017 | −0.253 ** | −0.223 ** | −0.257 ** | 0.128 ** | 0.079 ** | 0.078 ** | 0.172 ** | 1 | ||
12. PS3 | 0.185 ** | 0.128 ** | 0.009 | −0.205 ** | −0.202 ** | −0.217 ** | 0.110 ** | 0.067 * | 0.063 * | 0.202 ** | 0.474 ** | 1 | |
13. PS4 | 0.273 ** | 0.267 ** | 0.107 * | −0.216 ** | −0.249 ** | −0.222 ** | 0.240 ** | 0.186 ** | 0.173 ** | 0.569 ** | 0.189 ** | 0.210 ** | 1 |
Mean | 1.83 | 2.34 | 3.15 | 3.77 | 3.83 | 3.55 | 1.48 | 0.460 | 0.479 | 1.90 | 2.03 | 2.33 | 2.38 |
Standard Deviation | 0.700 | 0.738 | 0.708 | 0.773 | 0.788 | 0.870 | 1.01 | 0.760 | 0.772 | 0.848 | 0.866 | 0.871 | 0.822 |
Skewness | 1.15 | 0.497 | −0.093 | −0.661 | −0.763 | −0.383 | 0.422 | 2.11 | 2.17 | 0.693 | 0.518 | 0.163 | 0.175 |
Kurtosis | 1.63 | 0.516 | 0.369 | 0.495 | 0.634 | −0.126 | −0.332 | 4.65 | 5.07 | −0.199 | −0.402 | −0.554 | −0.344 |
Latent Factor | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Omega |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. OC | 0.41 | 0.96 | |||
2. CP | −0.17 | 0.29 | 0.83 | ||
3. PS | −0.16 | 0.17 | 0.41 | 0.81 | |
4. VCPV | −0.07 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.95 |
Model | Fit Indices | R2 | Path Coefficient | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
χ2 | df | RMSEA | SRMSR | CFI | IFI | PS | VCPV | Relation | Parameter (Standardized Parameter) | 95% CI | ||
(LL, UL) | LL | UL | ||||||||||
Base | 7.92 | 59 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.28 | 0.39 | CP with OC | −0.17 *** (−0.48) | −0.57 | −0.40 |
(0.07, 0.08) | CP on PS | 0.46 *** (0.39) | 0.30 | 0.47 | ||||||||
CP on VCPV | 0.33 *** (0.52) | 0.40 | 0.63 | |||||||||
OC on PS | −0.22 *** (−0.22) | −0.30 | −0.12 | |||||||||
OC on VCPV | 0.00 (0.01) | −0.09 | 0.11 | |||||||||
PS on VCPV | 0.09 *** (0.17) | 0.09 | 0.26 | |||||||||
Respecified | 7.79 | 60 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.28 | 0.39 | CP with OP | −0.17 *** (−0.48) | −0.57 | −0.40 |
(0.07, 0.08) | CP on PS | 0.46 *** (0.39) | 0.30 | 0.47 | ||||||||
CP on VCPV | 0.33 *** (0.52) | 0.43 | 0.60 | |||||||||
OC on PS | −0.22 *** (−0.22) | −0.30 | −0.12 | |||||||||
PS on VCPV | 0.09 *** (0.17) | 0.08 | 0.26 | |||||||||
Replicated | 7.36 | 60 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.22 | 0.35 | CP with OP | −0.18 *** (−0.48) | −0.54 | −0.40 |
(0.07, 0.08) | CP on PS | 0.49 *** (0.39) | 0.30 | 0.47 | ||||||||
CP on VCPV | 0.33 *** (0.55) | 0.45 | 0.62 | |||||||||
OC on PS | −0.14 *** (−0.14) | −0.22 | −0.06 | |||||||||
PS on VCPV | 0.04 * (0.08) | 0.00 | 0.17 |
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Jiménez, T.I.; Estévez, E.; Velilla, C.M.; Martín-Albo, J.; Martínez, M.L. Family Communication and Verbal Child-to-Parent Violence among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Perceived Stress. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 4538. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph16224538
Jiménez TI, Estévez E, Velilla CM, Martín-Albo J, Martínez ML. Family Communication and Verbal Child-to-Parent Violence among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Perceived Stress. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(22):4538. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph16224538
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiménez, Teresa Isabel, Estefanía Estévez, Coral M. Velilla, José Martín-Albo, and María Luisa Martínez. 2019. "Family Communication and Verbal Child-to-Parent Violence among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Perceived Stress" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22: 4538. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph16224538