Does Informal Education Training Increase Awareness of Anaphylaxis among Students of Medicine? Before-After Survey Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Introduction to the Topic
- Involvement of the skin or mucosal tissue plus either respiratory difficulty or low blood pressure.
- Two or more of the following symptoms after contact with an allergen:
- Involvement of the skin or mucosa;
- Respiratory difficulties;
- Low blood pressure;
- Gastrointestinal symptoms.
- Low blood pressure after exposure to a known allergen.
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Emphasis on Practice
4.2. Awareness
4.3. Discrepancy in Improvement
4.4. Problem with Regulations
4.5. Limitations
4.6. Advantages
4.7. Future Directions
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pre-Test | p-Value | ||||||||
Year of Study | n | Mean | Median | Mode | Frequency of the Mode | Minimum | Maximum | Standard Deviation | |
1st | 93 | 4.06 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 28.00 | 1.00 | 8.00 | 1.52 | - |
2nd | 108 | 4.71 | 5.00 | 4.00 | 28.00 | 1.00 | 7.00 | 1.37 | - |
3rd | 58 | 5.50 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 26.00 | 2.00 | 7.00 | 0.98 | - |
4th | 55 | 5.62 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 27.00 | 3.00 | 8.00 | 1.01 | - |
5th | 50 | 5.84 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 20.00 | 3.00 | 8.00 | 1.00 | - |
Whole cohort | 364 | 4.96 | 5.00 | 6.00 | 107.00 | 1.00 | 8.00 | 1.42 | - |
Post-Test | |||||||||
Year of Study | n | Mean | Median | Mode | Frequency of the Mode | Minimum | Maximum | Standard Deviation | |
1st | 94 | 6.69 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 34.00 | 4.00 | 8.00 | 1.27 | - |
2nd | 101 | 7.18 | 8.00 | 8.00 | 53.00 | 4.00 | 8.00 | 1.04 | - |
3rd | 56 | 7.64 | 8.00 | 8.00 | 38.00 | 6.00 | 8.00 | 0.55 | - |
4th | 48 | 7.79 | 8.00 | 8.00 | 42.00 | 5.00 | 8.00 | 0.62 | - |
5th | 46 | 7.52 | 8.00 | 8.00 | 36.00 | 4.00 | 8.00 | 1.05 | - |
Whole cohort | 345 | 7.25 | 8.00 | 8.00 | 198.00 | 4.00 | 8.00 | 1.08 | - |
Pre-Post Test Difference | |||||||||
Year of Study | n | Mean | Median | Mode | Frequency of the Mode | Minimum | Maximum | Standard Deviation | |
1st | 1 | 2.63 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 6.00 | 3.00 | 0.00 | −0.25 | <0.001 |
2nd | −7 | 2.47 | 3.00 | 4.00 | 25.00 | 3.00 | 1.00 | −0.33 | <0.001 |
3rd | −2 | 2.14 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 12.00 | 4.00 | 1.00 | −0.42 | <0.001 |
4th | −7 | 2.17 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 15.00 | 2.00 | 0.00 | −0.39 | <0.001 |
5th | −4 | 1.68 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 16.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.05 | <0.001 |
Whole cohort | −19 | 2.29 | 3.00 | 2.00 | 91.00 | 3.00 | 0.00 | −0.35 | <0.001 |
Correct Answers to the Test Questions [%] | Question | p-Value | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q4 | Q5 | Q6 | Q7 | Q8 | Q9 | Q10 | Q11 | Q12 | Q13 | Mean Q4–Q11 | ||
Pre-test | 77.8 | 82.7 | 73.4 | 67.9 | 26.4 | 62.4 | 94.0 | 12.1 | 66.2 | - | 62.1 | - |
Post-test | 87.8 | 95.1 | 80.6 | 95.7 | 86.7 | 96.5 | 97.7 | 85.2 | 100.0 | 98.6 | 90.7 | - |
Pre-post test difference | 10.1 | 12.4 | 7.2 | 27.8 | 60.3 | 34.2 | 3.7 | 73.1 | 33.8 | - | 28.6 | 0.005 |
Criterion | Pre-Test n | Post-Test n | Mean Test Score Pre-Test | Mean Test Score Post-Test | Pre-Post Test Difference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Have seen anaphylaxis | 32 | 29 | 5.01 | 6.76 | 1.75 |
Have not seen anaphylaxis | 332 | 316 | 4.53 | 7.30 | 2.77 |
p-value | - | - | 0.048 | 0.018 | 0.003 |
Criterion | Pre-Test n | Post-Test n | Mean Test Score Pre-Test | Mean Test Score Post-Test | Pre-Post Test Difference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allergic | 118 | 111 | 5.00 | 7.28 | 2.28 |
Non-allergic | 246 | 234 | 4.89 | 7.19 | 2.30 |
p-value | - | - | 0.351 | 0.533 | 0.856 |
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Leszkowicz, J.; Pieńkowska, A.; Nazar, W.; Bogdan, E.; Kwaka, N.; Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz, A.; Plata-Nazar, K. Does Informal Education Training Increase Awareness of Anaphylaxis among Students of Medicine? Before-After Survey Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 8150. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18158150
Leszkowicz J, Pieńkowska A, Nazar W, Bogdan E, Kwaka N, Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz A, Plata-Nazar K. Does Informal Education Training Increase Awareness of Anaphylaxis among Students of Medicine? Before-After Survey Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(15):8150. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18158150
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeszkowicz, Julia, Agata Pieńkowska, Wojciech Nazar, Eliza Bogdan, Natalia Kwaka, Agnieszka Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz, and Katarzyna Plata-Nazar. 2021. "Does Informal Education Training Increase Awareness of Anaphylaxis among Students of Medicine? Before-After Survey Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15: 8150. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18158150