Correction: Jarzynka, S. et al. Combination of High-Pressure Processing and Freeze-Drying as the Most Effective Techniques in Maintaining Biological Values and Microbiological Safety of Donor Milk. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 2147

Text Correction

There was an error in the original publication [1]. The work contained incorrect phrases describing the tested strains belonging to the Bacillus cereus species. The authors performed experiments only on the vegetative cells of these bacteria. By introducing phrases regarding spores, sporulation, or germination, we only intended to indicate that B. cereus are bacteria exhibiting such properties. We used these statements inappropriately.

1.

A correction has been made to Section 2. Material and Methods, Section 2.6. Microbiological Safety Assessment, paragraph 1:

Moreover, all the samples were tested for the Gram-negative intestinal Enterobacteriaceae family, in particular, Escherichia coli and vegetative Bacillus cereus rods.

2.

A correction has been made to Section 3. Results, Section 3.2.2. Microbiological Purity after High-Pressure Processing and Freeze-Drying in Storage Milk Samples, paragraph 2:

After 6 months of storage, the freeze-dried human milk samples inoculated Bacillus cereus showed a complete reduction (by 100%) in the growth of vegetative forms of this species.

3.

A correction has been made to Section 3. Results, Section 3.2.2. Microbiological Purity after High-Pressure Processing and Freeze-Drying in Storage Milk Samples, paragraph 3:

HPP was the best method for inactivating vegetative forms of the pathogens present in the inoculated milk samples.

4.

A correction has been made to Section 4. Discussions, paragraph 2:

HoP has been shown to result in a complete eradication or decrease in the counts of endogenous bacteria, namely Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

5.

A correction has been made to Section 4. Discussions, paragraph 3:

As part of our in-house studies, this milk-processing method led to the complete eradication of vegetative Bacillus cereus in all the evaluated human milk samples in comparison with the inoculum. The limitation of this project is that we did not investigate the presence of Bacillus cereus spores and the impact of HoP and HPP on the spores.

6.

A correction has been made to the Acknowledgements Section. The corrected text appears below.

• Acknowledgments: The authors would like to express their gratitude to members of the EMBA Working Group on Processing Milk for finding these errors.

7.

A correction has been made to Figure 4. In some cases, the abbreviation of the freeze-drying process was “Lio”. The correct abbreviation is “Lyo”. The corrected version of Figure 4 appears below.

Figure 4. Changes in bacterial growth (colony-forming units (CFU)/mL) in human milk samples inoculated with bacteria strains, freeze-dried, and stored for up to 6 months. The data are presented as mean values with standard deviations. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Tukey’s test was used to statistically analyze the data from all replicates; Paired t-tests were used for the initial bacterial concentration (IC) and bacterial concentrations after freeze-drying at time 0 (Lyo 0), at 3 months of storage (Lyo 3), and at 6 months (Lyo 6) of storage. Statistically significant differences are marked with asterisks, depending on the degree of significance: *** p < 0.0001, ** p < 0.001, * p < 0.05, whereas non-significant differences (p > 0.05) are marked with ‘ns’.

Figure 4. Changes in bacterial growth (colony-forming units (CFU)/mL) in human milk samples inoculated with bacteria strains, freeze-dried, and stored for up to 6 months. The data are presented as mean values with standard deviations. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Tukey’s test was used to statistically analyze the data from all replicates; Paired t-tests were used for the initial bacterial concentration (IC) and bacterial concentrations after freeze-drying at time 0 (Lyo 0), at 3 months of storage (Lyo 3), and at 6 months (Lyo 6) of storage. Statistically significant differences are marked with asterisks, depending on the degree of significance: *** p < 0.0001, ** p < 0.001, * p < 0.05, whereas non-significant differences (p > 0.05) are marked with ‘ns’.

The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.