Microgrid Islanding Detection Based on Mathematical Morphology
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. DFIG Modeling
3. Overview of Mathematical Morphology
3.1. Dilation and Erosion
3.2. Opening and Closing
4. Proposed Islanding Detection Method
5. Simulation Results
5.1. Test System
5.2. Case 1: Islanding
5.3. Case 2: NDZ Determination
5.3.1. Scenario I
5.3.2. Scenario II
5.3.3. Scenarios III, IV
5.4. Case 3: Capacitor Switching Condition
5.5. Case 4: Motor Starting
5.6. Case 5: Load Change
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
Load Real Power | |
DG Real Power | |
Real Power Imbalance Limits | |
Load Power | |
DG Reactive Power | |
Reactive Power Imbalance Limits | |
Voltage at PCC | |
Source Impedance | |
Source Resistance | |
Source Reactance | |
Source Inductance | |
Source Voltage | |
CB | Circuit Breaker |
RMS | Root Mean Square |
Load Impedance | |
Load Resistance | |
Load Inductance | |
Load Capacity | |
DG Impedance | |
DG Resistance | |
DG Reactance |
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Standards | Detection Time | Frequency Range | Voltage Range |
---|---|---|---|
IEEE-1547 [19] | t < 2 s | 49.3 Hz f 50.5 Hz | 0.88 V 1.1 p.u |
IEEE-929-2000 [20] | t < 2 s | 49.3 Hz f 50.5 Hz | 0.88 V 1.1 p.u |
IEC-62116 [21] | t < 2 s | 48.5 Hz f 51.5 Hz | 0.85 V 1.15 p.u |
Grid | Transformer: TFR1 |
---|---|
120 kV, 50 Hz | Side1: Yg; Side2: ∆ |
DGs: DFIG1,2 | 50 MVA, 120 kV/25 kV |
9 MW, 575 V, 50 Hz | = = 0.08/30 p.u, = = 500 p.u |
Lines: Line 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 | = = 0.08 p.u |
50 Hz, 10 km | Transformer: TFR2,3 |
3 phase pi section | Side1: ∆; Side2: Yg |
= 0.1153, = 0.413 (ohm/km) | 12 MVA, 25 kV/575 V |
= 1.05 × 10−3, = 3.32 × 10−3 (H/km) | = = 0.025/30 p.u, = 500 p.u |
= 11.33 × 10−9, = 5.01 × 10−9 (F/km) |
Scenarios | Power Mismatch | Different Ranges | Constant Value |
---|---|---|---|
Scenario I | increased% | +5%,+10%, +15%, +20% | 100% |
Scenario II | decreased% | −5%, −10%, −15%, −20% | 100% |
Scenario III | Increased% | +5%, +10%, +15%, +20% | 100% |
Scenario IV | decreased% | −5%, −10%, −15%, −20% | 100% |
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Ghalavand, F.; Alizade, B.A.M.; Gaber, H.; Karimipour, H. Microgrid Islanding Detection Based on Mathematical Morphology. Energies 2018, 11, 2696. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en11102696
Ghalavand F, Alizade BAM, Gaber H, Karimipour H. Microgrid Islanding Detection Based on Mathematical Morphology. Energies. 2018; 11(10):2696. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en11102696
Chicago/Turabian StyleGhalavand, Fatemeh, Behzad Asle Mohammadi Alizade, Hossam Gaber, and Hadis Karimipour. 2018. "Microgrid Islanding Detection Based on Mathematical Morphology" Energies 11, no. 10: 2696. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/en11102696