Halloysite Nanotubes and Silane-Treated Alumina Trihydrate Hybrid Flame Retardant System for High-Performance Cable Insulation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of the Materials and Testing Samples
2.3. Characterization Methods of Polymer Compositions
3. Results
3.1. Dispersion Characteristics
3.2. Mechanical and Processing Performance
3.3. Thermal Properties and Flame Retardancy
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | EVA (%) | LLDPE (%) | Coupling Agent (%) | Plasticizer (%) | ATH Apyral(%) | Nanofillers | Thermal Stabilizer (%) | Stearin (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ELVAX 260 | ELVAX 40L | HNT (%) | ATH-sil (%) | |||||||
Reference | 20.8 | 4 | 7.5 | 5 | 2 | 60 | - | - | 0.2 | 0.5 |
4%HNT | 20.8 | 4 | 7.5 | 5 | 2 | 56 | 4 | - | 0.2 | 0.5 |
8%HNT | 20.8 | 4 | 7.5 | 5 | 2 | 52 | 8 | - | 0.2 | 0.5 |
4%ATH-sil | 20.8 | 4 | 7.5 | 5 | 2 | 56 | - | 4 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
8%ATH-sil | 20.8 | 4 | 7.5 | 5 | 2 | 52 | - | 8 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
Hybrid_4% (1:1) | 20.8 | 4 | 7.5 | 5 | 2 | 56 | 2 | 2 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
Hybrid_8% (1:1) | 20.8 | 4 | 7.5 | 5 | 2 | 52 | 4 | 4 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
Hybrid_6% (2:1) | 20.8 | 4 | 7.5 | 5 | 2 | 54 | 4 | 2 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
Hybrid_12% (2:1) | 20.8 | 4 | 7.5 | 5 | 2 | 48 | 8 | 4 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
Sample | TS (MPa) | Eb (%) | H (ShD) | Water Absorption (%) | MFI (21.6 kg/150 °C) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reference | 11.22 ± 0.20 | 120.17 ± 5.71 | 38 ± 1 | 2.46 | 5.3 |
4%HNT | 12.06 ± 0.18 | 110.22 ± 7.35 | 41 ± 1 | 2.22 | 5.3 |
8%HNT | 12.23 ± 0.32 | 103.23 ± 5.54 | 41 ± 1 | 2.05 | 5.6 |
4%ATH-sil | 11.29 ± 0.17 | 134.12 ± 9.16 | 43 ± 1 | 2.17 | 5.5 |
8%ATH-sil | 11.55 ± 0.22 | 144.94 ± 11.38 | 44 ± 1 | 1.94 | 6.0 |
Hybrid_4% (1:1) | 12.36 ± 0.13 | 117.80 ± 7.47 | 47 ± 1 | 1.92 | 5.9 |
Hybrid_8% (1:1) | 12.25 ± 0.17 | 109.12 ± 7.24 | 51 ± 1 | 1.78 | 6.0 |
Hybrid_6% (2:1) | 13.04 ± 0.23 | 110.24 ± 5.63 | 51 ± 1 | 1.26 | 6.1 |
Hybrid_12% (2:1) | 13.38 ± 0.21 | 102.73 ± 4.85 | 54 ± 1 | 0.91 | 6.1 |
Sample | VST (°C) | Tm(LDPE) (°C) | ΔHm (J/g) | Tc(LDPE) (°C) | ΔHc (J/g) | T5% (°C) | T50% (°C) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reference | 60.5 ± 1.1 | 118.7 | 5.02 | 103.9 | 5.11 | 297 | 467 |
4%HNT | 59.8 ± 0.4 | 119.6 | 5.78 | 105.6 | 5.54 | 302 | 472 |
8%HNT | 60.4 ± 0.7 | 121.4 | 5.89 | 106.7 | 5.76 | 304 | 474 |
4%ATH-sil | 59.2 ± 1.3 | 120.2 | 5.81 | 105.2 | 5.80 | 311 | 473 |
8%ATH-sil | 60.2 ± 0.6 | 121.4 | 5.92 | 106.3 | 6.01 | 318 | 479 |
Hybrid_4% (1:1) | 59.5 ± 0.6 | 120.5 | 5.84 | 105.9 | 5.79 | 302 | 506 |
Hybrid_8% (1:1) | 61.5 ± 1.1 | 123.5 | 6.24 | 110.1 | 6.27 | 305 | 509 |
Hybrid_6% (2:1) | 60.1 ± 1.0 | 122.7 | 6.12 | 109.3 | 6.03 | 297 | 513 |
Hybrid_12% (2:1) | 61.5 ± 0.7 | 124.5 | 6.91 | 111.3 | 6.84 | 304 | 520 |
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Paszkiewicz, S.; Irska, I.; Taraghi, I.; Piesowicz, E.; Sieminski, J.; Zawisza, K.; Pypeć, K.; Dobrzynska, R.; Terelak-Tymczyna, A.; Stateczny, K.; et al. Halloysite Nanotubes and Silane-Treated Alumina Trihydrate Hybrid Flame Retardant System for High-Performance Cable Insulation. Polymers 2021, 13, 2134. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/polym13132134
Paszkiewicz S, Irska I, Taraghi I, Piesowicz E, Sieminski J, Zawisza K, Pypeć K, Dobrzynska R, Terelak-Tymczyna A, Stateczny K, et al. Halloysite Nanotubes and Silane-Treated Alumina Trihydrate Hybrid Flame Retardant System for High-Performance Cable Insulation. Polymers. 2021; 13(13):2134. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/polym13132134
Chicago/Turabian StylePaszkiewicz, Sandra, Izabela Irska, Iman Taraghi, Elżbieta Piesowicz, Jakub Sieminski, Karolina Zawisza, Krzysztof Pypeć, Renata Dobrzynska, Agnieszka Terelak-Tymczyna, Kamil Stateczny, and et al. 2021. "Halloysite Nanotubes and Silane-Treated Alumina Trihydrate Hybrid Flame Retardant System for High-Performance Cable Insulation" Polymers 13, no. 13: 2134. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/polym13132134