Experimental Investigation on the Buckling Capacity of Angle Steel Strengthened at Both Legs Using VaRTM-Processed Unbonded CFRP Laminates
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Description of Specimens
2.3. Specimens Preparation
2.4. Test Setup and Instrumentation
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Load–Displacement Response
3.2. Effect of Number of CFRP Layers
3.3. Effect of CFRP Length
3.4. Effect of Different Slenderness of Steel
3.5. Failure Modes
3.6. Strain Response
4. Conclusions
- Unbonded CFRP strengthening can successfully increase the buckling capacity of the angle steel. The strengthening effect varies, and the maximum load increase is 69.13%;
- The buckling capacity of angle steel increases with increasing number of CFRP layers and CFRP length. In addition, to strengthen without changing CFRP length, the increase in buckling capacity is greater for specimens with shorter angle steel (smaller angle steel’s slenderness ratio);
- Based on the position of the plastic hinge, failure modes of the unbonded CFRP strengthened specimens can be divided into two: plastic hinge at around the end of CFRP (outside CFRP strengthening zone), and plastic hinge within the CFRP strengthening zone. Both failure modes are affected by flexural stiffness of the CFRP laminates;
- The VaRTM process is the best alternative for making CFRP. The CFRP fabricated through the VaRTM process has a higher fiber volume content of around 60%.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Designation | Cross-Section Dimension (mm) | Yield Stress (MPa) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Elastic Modulus (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|
L-65x6 | A = B = 65; t = 6.0; r1 = 8.5; and r2 = 4.0 | 333 | 448 | 205,000 |
Type | Orientation of Fiber | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Elastic Modulus (MPa) | Thickness (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|
BT70-20 | 0o | 2900 | 230,000 | 0.056 |
90o | 2900 | 230,000 | 0.056 |
Specimen Name | Number of CFRP Layers (ply) | CFRP Length (mm) | Buckling Length (mm) | Angle Steel’s Slenderness Ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|
Group A | ||||
A16S00L00 | - | - | 1636 | 128.4 |
A16S10L18 | 18 | 1000 | 1636 | 128.4 |
A16S10L25 | 25 | 1000 | 1636 | 128.4 |
A16S10L30 | 30 | 1000 | 1636 | 128.4 |
A16S10L35 | 35 | 1000 | 1636 | 128.4 |
A16S05L18 | 18 | 500 | 1636 | 128.4 |
A16S05L25 | 25 | 500 | 1636 | 128.4 |
A16S05L30 | 30 | 500 | 1636 | 128.4 |
Group B | ||||
A12S00L00 | - | - | 1236 | 97.02 |
A12S05L10 | 10 | 500 | 1236 | 97.02 |
A12S05L18 | 18 | 500 | 1236 | 97.02 |
A12S05L25 | 25 | 500 | 1236 | 97.02 |
A12S05L30 | 30 | 500 | 1236 | 97.02 |
Specimen Name | CFRP Thickness (mm) | Fiber Content (%) | Max. Load (kN) | Strengthening Effect (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Group A | ||||
A16S00L00 | - | - | 77.22 | - |
A16S10L18 | 3.34 | 60.35 | 103.5 | 34.03 |
A16S10L25 | 4.58 | 61.15 | 113.0 | 46.34 |
A16S10L30 | 5.50 | 61.11 | 125.9 | 63.04 |
A16S10L35 | 6.38 | 61.47 | 130.6 | 69.13 |
A16S05L18 | 3.39 | 59.44 | 82.72 | 7.123 |
A16S05L25 | 4.65 | 60.22 | 91.10 | 17.97 |
A16S05L30 | 5.62 | 59.84 | 92.05 | 19.20 |
Group B | ||||
A12S00L00 | - | - | 122.7 | - |
A12S05L10 | 1.97 | 56.76 | 132.2 | 7.742 |
A12S05L18 | 3.30 | 61.17 | 140.8 | 14.75 |
A12S05L25 | 4.78 | 58.59 | 154.2 | 25.67 |
A12S05L30 | 5.60 | 59.96 | 150.2 | 22.41 |
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Yoresta, F.S.; Nhut, P.V.; Nakamoto, D.; Matsumoto, Y. Experimental Investigation on the Buckling Capacity of Angle Steel Strengthened at Both Legs Using VaRTM-Processed Unbonded CFRP Laminates. Polymers 2021, 13, 2216. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/polym13132216
Yoresta FS, Nhut PV, Nakamoto D, Matsumoto Y. Experimental Investigation on the Buckling Capacity of Angle Steel Strengthened at Both Legs Using VaRTM-Processed Unbonded CFRP Laminates. Polymers. 2021; 13(13):2216. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/polym13132216
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoresta, Fengky Satria, Phan Viet Nhut, Daiki Nakamoto, and Yukihiro Matsumoto. 2021. "Experimental Investigation on the Buckling Capacity of Angle Steel Strengthened at Both Legs Using VaRTM-Processed Unbonded CFRP Laminates" Polymers 13, no. 13: 2216. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/polym13132216