Polyelectrolyte–Dye Interactions: An Overview
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Polyelectrolytes
1.2. Applications
1.2.1. Polyelectrolytes for Optoelectronic Sensing Devices
1.2.2. Polyelectrolytes in Multilayered Heterostructures
1.2.3. Polyelectrolytes as Rheology Modifiers
1.3. Dyes
1.3.1. Classification of Dyes
1.3.2. Applications of Dyes
2. Polyelectrolyte–Dye Interactions
2.1. Polyelectrolyte–Dye Interactions and Their Applications
2.1.1. Polyelectrolytes and Anionic Dyes
2.1.2. Polyelectrolytes and Cationic Dyes
3. The Two Basic Mechanisms of Polyelectrolyte–Dye Interactions
3.1. Charged Patch Interaction
3.2. Polymer Bridging
4. Parameters That Influence Polyelectrolyte–Dye Interactions
4.1. Polyelectrolyte Concentration
4.2. Dye Concentration
4.3. pH of Reaction Media
4.4. Influence of Electrolytes
4.5. The Role of Surfactants
5. Conclusions and Future Perspective
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Criterion | Classification | Examples | |
---|---|---|---|
Origin | Natural | Protein | |
Semi-synthetic | Xanthan Gum | ||
Synthetic | Poly(styrene sulfonic) acid | ||
Charge | Polycation | N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl] chitosan chloride (HTCC) | |
Polyanion | Poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) | ||
Polyampholyte | Protein | ||
pH dependence | Strong: pH-independent charge | Poly(vinyl sulfate) | |
Weak: pH-dependent charge | Poly(ethyleneimine) | ||
Morphology | Rigid rod | Poly(2,2’-disulfonyl-4,4’-benzidine terephthalamide) (PBDT) | |
Spherical | Globular proteins | ||
Position of ion sites | Linear | Integral (Ions on the backbone) | Poly(2,20-disulfonyl-4,40-benzidine terephthalamide |
Pendant (Ions at the periphery or sidechain) | Poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl 4-vinyl pyridinium bromide) | ||
Branched/crosslinked | Poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) (PSS-co-MA) co polyethylene glycol (PEG) | ||
Composition | Homopolymer | ||
Copolymer |
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Chakraborty, G.; Bhattarai, A.; De, R. Polyelectrolyte–Dye Interactions: An Overview. Polymers 2022, 14, 598. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/polym14030598
Chakraborty G, Bhattarai A, De R. Polyelectrolyte–Dye Interactions: An Overview. Polymers. 2022; 14(3):598. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/polym14030598
Chicago/Turabian StyleChakraborty, Gulmi, Ajaya Bhattarai, and Ranjit De. 2022. "Polyelectrolyte–Dye Interactions: An Overview" Polymers 14, no. 3: 598. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/polym14030598