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Article

RNA Interference Analysis of the Functions of Cyclin B in Male Reproductive Development of the Oriental River Prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense)

by
Wenyi Zhang
1,
Pengchao Wang
2,
Yiwei Xiong
1,
Tianyong Chen
3,
Sufei Jiang
1,
Hui Qiao
1,
Yongsheng Gong
1,
Yan Wu
1,
Shubo Jin
1,2 and
Hongtuo Fu
1,2,*
1
Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
2
Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
3
National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Genes 2022, 13(11), 2079; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/genes13112079
Submission received: 27 September 2022 / Revised: 3 November 2022 / Accepted: 7 November 2022 / Published: 9 November 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic Breeding of Aquaculture)
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Abstract

:
Cyclin B (CycB) plays essential roles in cell proliferation and promotes gonad development in many crustaceans. The goal of this study was to investigate the regulatory roles of this gene in the reproductive development of male oriental river prawns (Macrobrachium nipponense). A phylo-genetic tree analysis revealed that the protein sequence of Mn-CycB was most closely related to those of freshwater prawns, whereas the evolutionary distance from crabs was much longer. A quantitative PCR analysis showed that the expression of Mn-CycB was highest in the gonad of both male and female prawns compared to that in other tissues (p < 0.05), indicating that this gene may play essential roles in the regulation of both testis and ovary development in M. nipponense. In males, Mn-CycB expression in the testis and androgenic gland was higher during the reproductive season than during the non-reproductive season (p < 0.05), implying that CycB plays essential roles in the reproductive development of male M. nipponense. An RNA interference analysis revealed that the Mn-insulin-like androgenic gland hormone expression decreased as the Mn-CycB expression decreased, and that few sperm were detected 14 days after the dsCycB treatment, indicating that CycB positively affects testis development in M. nipponense. The results of this study highlight the functions of CycB in M. nipponense, and they can be applied to studies of male reproductive development in other crustacean species.

1. Introduction

The oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) (Crustacea; Decapoda; Palaemonidae) is an economically important freshwater aquaculture species in China [1], with an annual production that reached 225,321 tons in 2019 [2]. In this species, gonad maturity occurs approximately 40 days after hatching in both male and female prawns [3]. This rapid gonad development leads to inbreeding between young prawns, resulting in mating and the propagation of multiple generations in the same ponds, which, in turn, negatively affects the market size of prawns [4,5]. Therefore, an artificial technique to extend the period of testis development in M. nipponense is urgently needed.
The X-organ–sinus gland complex, which is located in the eyestalk of crustaceans, is a principal neuroendocrine complex that stores and releases many neurosecretory hormones [6]. These hormones play vital roles in regulating many biological processes in crustacean species [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17], and some of them have negative regulatory effects on the development of both the testis and ovary in M. nipponense. For example, the RNA interference (RNAi) of the gonad-inhibiting hormone expression promoted ovarian development [18], and the eyestalk ablation of male prawns stimulated the expression of the Mn-insulin-like androgenic gland hormone (Mn-IAG) and promoted testis development [4,5]. A similar phenomenon was reported for whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) [17] and Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) [19]. Thus, the eyestalk–androgenic gland–testis endocrine axis in males has important regulatory effects on male sexual differentiation and reproduction in crustaceans [20,21]. A transcriptome profiling analysis of the androgenic gland after the eyestalk ablation of male M. nipponense revealed that the cell cycle was the main metabolic pathway enriched in differentially expressed genes [4]. This suggests that the cell cycle is involved in the regulation of reproductive development in male M. nipponense [22,23]. Cyclin B (CycB) was enriched in the cell cycle metabolic pathway, suggesting that this gene may promote the reproductive development of male M. nipponense [4].
Gametogenesis is an important part of gonad development in multi-cellular organisms. Several cell cycle regulators play essential roles in gametogenesis including cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor [24]. The maturation promotion factor (MPF), a key regulator of cell proliferation in eukaryotic cells, can stimulate both mitotic and meiotic cell cycles [25].The MPF is a heterodimer composed of CycB protein and CDK1 [26,27,28]. CycB protein abundance fluctuates periodically during cell proliferation, which is required to activate or inhibit MPF activity [29]. This process is strongly related to the cell cycle and to the activation of CDK1. CycB was reported to be involved in oogenesis in crustacean species, such as Eriocheir sinensis [30], Penaeus monodon [31,32], Marsupenaeus japonicus [33], Scylla paramamosain [34,35], and Metapenaeus affinis [36], and in spermatogenesis in S. paramamosain [34].
The goal of the present study was to analyze the potential functions of CycB in the male reproductive development of M. nipponense. The results of this study highlight the regulatory functions of CycB in male M. nipponense and can be used to develop an artificial technique to regulate the process of testis development in this species.

2. Methods and Materials

2.1. Ethics Statement

We obtained permission from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Ethics Committee of the Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (Wuxi, China) to conduct all experiments involving M. nipponense. All M. nipponense used in the present study were collected from the Dapu M. nipponense Breeding Base in Wuxi, China (120°13′44″ E, 31°28′22″ N). All prawns were maintained in aerated freshwater for 3 days before the tissue collection. The dissolved oxygen content in the water was maintained at ≥6 mg/L. Prawns were anesthetized using an ice bath prior to sampling.

2.2. Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE)

RNA from the testis of M. nipponense was extracted to synthesize the template for 3′cDNA and 5′cDNA cloning. Well-described procedures for RACE cloning and the identification of sequence characteristics were followed [37,38]. Table 1 lists the specific primers used for the Mn-CycB cloning, and Table 2 lists the accession numbers of the protein sequences of Cdc2s from different species. These protein sequences were used to measure the evolutionary distance of Cdc2 between different species via the construction of a phylo-genetic tree using MEGA X. The phylo-genetic tree was constructed using the maximum likelihood method and bootstrap method with 1000 replications.

2.3. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) Analysis

qPCR was used to measure the relative mRNA expression of Mn-CycB in tissue samples (eyestalk, brain, heart, hepatopancreas, muscle, gonad, and gill) collected as shown in Figure 1. Each tissue was collected from five different prawns and pooled to form a biological replicate; three biological replicates were analyzed for each tissue. All collected tissues were immediately preserved in liquid nitrogen until they were used for the qPCR analysis. Previously reported methods for RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis were followed [37,38]. Table 1 lists the primers used for the qPCR analysis. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A is a stable reference gene for the PCR analysis in M. nipponense, and it was used to normalize the Mn-CycB expressions in the present study [39]. The relative mRNA expressions of Mn-CycB were calculated using the 2−∆∆CT comparative CT method [40]. Data are shown as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of tissues from three replicates.

2.4. RNAi Analysis

The potential function of CycB in the reproductive development of male M. nipponense was investigated with RNAi. Snap Dragon (http://www.flyrnai.org/cgibin/RNAifind_primers.pl, accessed on 12 March 2021) was used to design the specific RNAi primer with a T7 promoter site based on the open reading frame of Mn-CycB (Table 1). Mn-CycB dsRNA (dsCycB) and green fluorescent protein dsRNA (dsGFP) were synthesized using the Transcript Aid™ T7 High Yield Transcription Kit (Fermentas, Waltham, MA, USA) following the manufacturer’s protocol. dsGFP was used as the negative control [41].
Six hundred male M. nipponense (3.14−4.32 g) were collected approximately 5 months after hatching and randomly divided into the dsCycB-treated group (RNAi) and dsGFP-treated group (control). The injected dose of dsCycB or dsGFP was 4 μg/g [42,43]. Seven days after the first injection, prawns were injected with 4 μg/g of dsCycB or dsGFP. Androgenic gland samples were collected from both groups on days 1, 7, and 14 after the first injection of dsGFP or dsCycB. The tissue collection and qPCR analysis procedures were the same as those described in Section 2.3. The Mn-CycB and Mn-IAG mRNA expressions were measured with qPCR using the same cDNA templates to assess the regulatory relationship between CycB and IAG in M. nipponense.

2.5. Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) Staining

The morphological differences in the testis between dsGFP-treated and dsCycB-treated prawns were evaluated using the histological observations of tissue sections stained with HE following well-described protocols [44,45]. Briefly, the tissues were embedded in paraffin and sliced into 5 µm thick sections using a microtome (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany). The sectioned tissues were placed on a slide and stained with HE for 3–8 min. The slides were observed and photos were taken under an Olympus SZX16 microscope (Tokyo, Japan).

2.6. Statistical Analysis

All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS Statistics 23.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). The Shapiro–Wilk test and Bartlett test were used to measure the normality and homogeneity of variances, respectively. Independent sample t-tests were used to assess the statistical differences in Mn-CycB and Mn-IAG expression between dsCycB-treated and dsGFP-treated prawns on the same day, Mn-CycB expressions in the same tissues between male and female prawns, and Mn-CycB expressions in the testis and androgenic gland between the reproductive and non-reproductive seasons. Statistical differences in different mature tissues and different developmental stages were identified with the analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. Quantitative data were expressed as mean ± SD. A p-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

3. Results

3.1. Mn-CycB cDNA Sequence Analysis

The full cDNA sequence of Mn-CycB was 1862 base pairs (bp) long with an open reading frame of 1197 bp encoding 398 amino acids. The 5′ and 3′ un-translated regions were 177 bp and 488 bp, respectively (Figure 2). The cDNA sequence of Mn-CycB was submitted to the NCBI with the accession number OP379746. The theoretical isoelectric point and the molecular weight of the Mn-CycB protein were 9.17 and 45.172 kDa, respectively.
A BLASTX analysis in the NCBI revealed that the similarities between the nucleotide sequence of Mn-CycB and the CycBs in other freshwater prawns were >80%, including Macrobrachium rosenbergii (95.99%), Palaemon modestus (85.71%), and Palaemon carinicauda (84.46%) (Figure 3). The deduced protein sequence of Mn-CycB contained some highly conserved sites or domains, including the cyclin destruction box (RxALGxIxN), which is highly conserved among the known B-type cyclins. It is located at amino acids (aa) 35–43 and regulates cyclin destruction via the ubiquitin proteasome pathway in the N-terminal region. A conserved pkA site (RRxSK) located at 266–270 aa was also found, which is characteristic of B-type cyclins (Figure 3).

3.2. Phylo-Genetic Tree Analysis

Well-defined CycB sequences were identified using the BLASTX analysis in the NCBI, and then a condensed phylo-genetic tree based on the amino acid sequence of Mn-CycB and these other CycB sequences was generated using MEGA X. The amino acid sequence of Mn-CycB first clustered with the amino acid sequences of freshwater prawns as a group, and then it clustered with marine shrimp as a big group. The evolutionary distance from crabs was much longer. Mn-CycB was most closely related to the CycB of M. rosenbergii (Figure 4).

3.3. Mn-CycB Expression Analysis

The physiological function of Mn-CycB in M. nipponense was preliminarily assessed by measuring its expression in various tissues using qPCR. Mn-CycB expression was highest in the ovary and testis of female and male M. nipponense, respectively. Its expression was higher in the eyestalk, muscle, gonad, and gill of female prawns compared to male prawns (p < 0.05), whereas the opposite expression pattern was found in the brain, heart, and hepatopancreas (p < 0.05) (Figure 5A).
Mn-CycB mRNA was widely expressed during the different developmental stages of M. nipponense. Its expression was higher during the embryonic developmental stages than during the larval and post-larval developmental stages. The highest expression of Mn-CycB mRNA occurred at the cleavage stage, when it was significantly higher than that of the other tested stages (p < 0.01) (Figure 5B). Additionally, Mn-CycB mRNA expression levels in the testis and androgenic gland were 2.34-fold and 1.97-fold higher, respectively, during the reproductive season than during the non-reproductive season (p < 0.01) (Figure 6).

3.4. RNAi Analysis

An RNAi analysis was employed to reveal the regulatory functions of CycB in the reproductive development of male M. nipponense. The expression of Mn-CycB on day 1 after the dsGFP injection was lower than the values on days 7 and 14 (p < 0.05), and the expression did not differ significantly between days 7 and 14 (p > 0.05). However, the injection with dsCycB significantly decreased Mn-CycB expression by approximately 55% on day 1 after treatment (p < 0.05), compared with the control group on the same day. The expression decreased by over 85% and 90% on days 7 and 14 after the dsCycB injection (p < 0.01), respectively (Figure 7A). The qPCR analysis also revealed that the Mn-IAG expression decreased by approximately 66%, 77%, and 80% on days 1, 7, and 14 after treatment with dsCycB (p < 0.01), respectively, compared with the control group on the same day (Figure 7B).

3.5. Histological Observations

Histological observations revealed that sperm cells were the main cell type (>50%) in the testis of M. nipponense on different days after the dsGFP injection, and they were much more abundant than spermatogonia and spermatocytes. The percentage of sperm did not differ significantly on different days in the control group. However, treatment with dsCycB significantly decreased the number of sperm cells over time, while the percentages of spermatogonia and spermatocytes increased. Sperm were rarely observed on day 14 after the dsCycB treatment, and the majority of cells were spermatogonia (Figure 8).

4. Discussion

CycB plays essential roles in the process of cell proliferation through the activation of CDK1 [29] and in the regulation of testis development in silk moths (Bombyx mori) [46] and S. paramamosain [34]. A previous transcriptome profiling analysis revealed that Mn-CycB expression was significantly up-regulated in the androgenic gland after the ablation of eyestalks from male M. nipponense. This finding and the negative regulatory relationship between the hormones secreted by eyestalks and male reproductive development in M. nipponense indicated that CycB may be involved in male development [4,5]. The goal of the present study was to investigate the potential functions of CycB in the regulation of reproductive development in male M. nipponense.
The BLASTX analysis showed that the similarity between Mn-CycB and the CycB of M. rosenbergii reached 95.99%, and Mn-CycB shared >80% identity with the CycBs of other freshwater prawns. The Mn-CycB amino acid sequence contained some highly conserved sites or domains of B-type cyclins, including the cyclin destruction box (RxALGxIxN) at 35–43 aa and the pkA site (RRxSK) at 266–270 aa, which was consistent with the results of previous studies [34,35]. The phylo-genetic tree analysis revealed that Mn-CycB had the closest evolutionary relationship with CycBs of freshwater prawns, and then with marine prawns, whereas the evolutionary relationship with crabs was much more distant. More protein sequences of CycBs from freshwater prawns need to be identified for the better evolutionary analysis of Mn-CycB.
Previous studies reported that the dominant expression site of CycB was the gonad in many aquatic animals. In female S. paramamosain, CycB expression was highest in the ovary [34,35]. In female M. affinis, CycB expression was highest in the ovary, followed by the muscle, thoracic ganglion, and heart [36]. CycB was predominantly expressed in the ovary and testis of E. sinensis [30], and in female P. monodon, expression was highest in the ovary [31]. CycB mRNA was also expressed in the testis, ovary, gill, mantle, muscle, and eggs of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) [47]. Similarly, the highest expression of Mn-CycB occurred in the testis of males and the ovary of females in the present study. In addition, the expression of Mn-CycB in the testis and androgenic gland was higher during the reproductive season than during the non-reproductive season. In S. paramamosain, CycB expression in the testis developmental stage two was significantly higher than in stages one and three, suggesting that CycB may play essential roles in the spermatogenesis of this species [34]. Histological observations revealed that testis and androgenic gland development during the reproductive season was more vigorous than that during the non-reproductive season in M. nipponense [48,49]. Furthermore, Mn-CycB mRNA was widely expressed during the different developmental stages of M. nipponense, but expression during the embryonic developmental stages, especially at the cleavage stage, was higher than the expression during larval and post-larval development. Overall, these results indicated that CycB plays essential roles in the process of the embryogenesis of M. nipponense.
RNAi has been used to investigate the regulatory functions of CycB in many aquatic species. For example, the knockdown of CycB expression in sea urchins delayed oocyte meiosis re-initiation [50]. Many RNAi studies have focused on the functions of CycB in ovarian development, but few have reported on the regulatory roles of CycB in male reproductive development. In the present study, the injection of dsCycB resulted in a significant decrease in both Mn-CycB and Mn-IAG expression in male M. nipponense, indicating that CycB has positive regulatory effects on the expression of Mn-IAG. The androgenic gland is a special organ in male crustaceans. The hormones secreted by the androgenic gland promote male sexual differentiation and reproduction, especially the development of testis and male sexual characteristics [51,52,53]. Male M. rosenbergii undergo sex reversal to become female when the androgenic gland is ablated [51,54,55]. IAG is the main gene expressed in the androgenic gland and it was reported to positively regulate male differentiation and reproductive development. This was illustrated through the knockdown of IAG using RNAi, which had a significant inhibitory effect on spermatogenesis in M. rosenbergii [56]. Similar functions of IAG have been reported in many other crustacean species [57,58,59,60,61]. In the current study, the relationship between the expression of CycB and IAG indicated that CycB was involved in the regulation of male reproductive development in M. nipponense. In the histological analysis, no significant differences in the testis were observed on different days after prawns were injected with dsGFP, and sperm were the dominant cell type (>50% of cells). However, the number of sperm cells in the testis decreased with time after the dsCycB treatment, and sperm cells were scarce on day 14 in the RNAi group. These results showed that CycB regulated testis development in M. nipponense by inhibiting the expression of Mn-IAG.
In conclusion, the data presented herein indicate that CycB positively regulates testis development and spermatogenesis by affecting the expression of IAG in M. nipponense. The results of this study highlight the functions of CycB in M. nipponense, and they can be applied to studies of male reproductive development in other crustacean species.

Author Contributions

W.Z. wrote the manuscript. P.W. performed the qPCR analysis. Y.X. provided the experimental prawns. T.C. synthesized the dsRNA. S.J. (Sufei Jiang) performed the in situ hybridization. H.Q. analyzed the data. Y.G. performed the histological observations. Y.W. collected tissues and extracted RNA. S.J. (Shubo Jin) revised the manuscript. H.F. supervised the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

This research was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20221207), Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System (JATS [2020]461), China Agriculture Research System-48 (CARS-48), and New Cultivar Breeding Major Project of Jiangsu Province (PZCZ201745).

Institutional Review Board Statement

The animal study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board (or Ethics Committee) of Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (Authorization NO. 20210715002, 15 July 2021).

Informed Consent Statement

This study did not include any result from human.

Data Availability Statement

The data generated and analyzed during this study are included in this article.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Genes 13 02079 g001 550
Figure 1. Flowchart showing the sample collection procedure.
Figure 1. Flowchart showing the sample collection procedure.
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Figure 2. Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of Mn-CycB. The nucleotide sequence is displayed in the 5′–3′ direction and is numbered on the left. The deduced amino acid sequence is shown as a single capital letter amino acid code. The 3′ and 5′ untranslated regions are shown with lowercase letters. Codons are numbered on the left, the methionine (ATG) initiation codon is shown, and an asterisk denotes the termination codon (TGA). Arrows and line indicated the direction of location of each primer.
Figure 2. Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of Mn-CycB. The nucleotide sequence is displayed in the 5′–3′ direction and is numbered on the left. The deduced amino acid sequence is shown as a single capital letter amino acid code. The 3′ and 5′ untranslated regions are shown with lowercase letters. Codons are numbered on the left, the methionine (ATG) initiation codon is shown, and an asterisk denotes the termination codon (TGA). Arrows and line indicated the direction of location of each primer.
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Figure 3. Similarities in amino acid sequences of CycB between different species. The black box indicates the cyclin destruction box and the red box indicates the conserved pkA site.
Figure 3. Similarities in amino acid sequences of CycB between different species. The black box indicates the cyclin destruction box and the red box indicates the conserved pkA site.
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Figure 4. Phylo-genetic tree of CycBs from different organisms. Species names are listed on the right side of the tree. The red asterisk indicates M. nipponense.
Figure 4. Phylo-genetic tree of CycBs from different organisms. Species names are listed on the right side of the tree. The red asterisk indicates M. nipponense.
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Figure 5. Mn-CycB expression in different mature tissues and developmental stages as determined with qPCR. Lowercase letters on the bars indicate expression differences between different tissue samples (analysis of variance (AVONA)). Capital letters on the bars indicate expression differences in the same tissue between male and female prawns (independent sample t-tests). (A) Mn-CycB expression in different mature tissues. (B) Mn-CycB expression in different developmental stages. E: eyestalk; Br: brain; H: heart; He: hepatopancreas; M: muscle; G: gonad; Gi: gill; CS: cleavage stage; BS: blastula stage, GS: gastrula stage; NS: nauplius stage; FS: posterior nauplius stage; PS: protozoa stage; ZS: zoea stage; L: larval developmental stage; PL: post-larval developmental stage.
Figure 5. Mn-CycB expression in different mature tissues and developmental stages as determined with qPCR. Lowercase letters on the bars indicate expression differences between different tissue samples (analysis of variance (AVONA)). Capital letters on the bars indicate expression differences in the same tissue between male and female prawns (independent sample t-tests). (A) Mn-CycB expression in different mature tissues. (B) Mn-CycB expression in different developmental stages. E: eyestalk; Br: brain; H: heart; He: hepatopancreas; M: muscle; G: gonad; Gi: gill; CS: cleavage stage; BS: blastula stage, GS: gastrula stage; NS: nauplius stage; FS: posterior nauplius stage; PS: protozoa stage; ZS: zoea stage; L: larval developmental stage; PL: post-larval developmental stage.
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Figure 6. Mn-CycB expression in the testis and androgenic gland of prawns collected during the reproductive and non-reproductive seasons. Lowercase letters (a, b) on the bars indicate expression differences between different tissue samples (independent sample t-tests). (A) Mn-CycB expression in the testis. (B) Mn-CycB expression in the androgenic gland.
Figure 6. Mn-CycB expression in the testis and androgenic gland of prawns collected during the reproductive and non-reproductive seasons. Lowercase letters (a, b) on the bars indicate expression differences between different tissue samples (independent sample t-tests). (A) Mn-CycB expression in the testis. (B) Mn-CycB expression in the androgenic gland.
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Figure 7. Measurement of Mn-CycB and Mn-IAG expression in the androgenic gland on different days after dsCycB and dsGFP injections. Lowercase letters (a, b) on the bars indicate expression differences between different days after dsGFP injection, and capital letters (X, Y) on the bars indicate expression differences between different days after dsCycB injection (analysis of variance (AVONA)). * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 indicate significant expression differences between the dsGFP- and dsCycB-treated groups on the same day (independent sample t-tests). (A) Mn-CycB expression on different days after dsGFP and dsCycB injections. (B) Measurement of Mn-IAG expression on different days after dsGFP and dsCycB injections.
Figure 7. Measurement of Mn-CycB and Mn-IAG expression in the androgenic gland on different days after dsCycB and dsGFP injections. Lowercase letters (a, b) on the bars indicate expression differences between different days after dsGFP injection, and capital letters (X, Y) on the bars indicate expression differences between different days after dsCycB injection (analysis of variance (AVONA)). * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 indicate significant expression differences between the dsGFP- and dsCycB-treated groups on the same day (independent sample t-tests). (A) Mn-CycB expression on different days after dsGFP and dsCycB injections. (B) Measurement of Mn-IAG expression on different days after dsGFP and dsCycB injections.
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Figure 8. Histological comparison of testis tissue between dsGFP- and dsCycB-treated prawns. SG: spermatogonia; SC: spermatocyte; S: sperm. Scale bar = 20 μm.
Figure 8. Histological comparison of testis tissue between dsGFP- and dsCycB-treated prawns. SG: spermatogonia; SC: spermatocyte; S: sperm. Scale bar = 20 μm.
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Table
Table 1. Universal and specific primers used in this study.
Table 1. Universal and specific primers used in this study.
Primer NameNucleotide Sequence (5′→3′)
CycB-3GSP1GTGTTTGTTAGAATACTCAATG
CycB-3GSP2TGTCCTCTGTAGTTGTTAAGAG
CycB-5GSP1TTCTTGCACATCCATGTCCTCAA
CycB-5GSP2CCACATCTCCCAAAGCAGCTCT
3′RACE OUTTACCGTCGTTCCACTAGTGATTT
3′RACE INCGCGGATCCTCCACTAGTGATTTCACTATAGG
5′RACE OUTCATGGCTACATGCTGACAGCCTA
5′RACE INCGCGGATCCACAGCCTACTGATGATCAGTCGATG
CycB-RTFTGGTAATCCTCAGTTGGTCTCTG
CycB-RTRCAAGGTACCCACTTTTGACCTGA
IAG-RTFCGCCTCCGTCTGCCTGAGATAC
IAG-RTRCCTCCTCCTCCACCTTCAATGC
EIF-FCATGGATGTACCTGTGGTGAAAC
EIF-RCTGTCAGCAGAAGGTCCTCATTA
CycB RNAi-FTAATACGACTCACTATAGGGGATCAACTGGCCCTCTGAAA
CycB RNAi-RTAATACGACTCACTATAGGGCACGGTCCTGTGAATCAATG
Table
Table 2. Protein sequences of Cdc2 from different species used in this study.
Table 2. Protein sequences of Cdc2 from different species used in this study.
SpeciesAccession Number
Macrobrachium nipponenseADB44902.1
Macrobrachium rosenbergiiADP95148.1
Palaemon modestusQDE09442.1
Palaemon carinicaudaAKA66439.1
Metapenaeus ensisADI86225.1
Metapenaeus affinisADI86226.1
Penaeus monodonACH72072.1
Penaeus japonicusAAV37462.1
Procambarus clarkiiALD48736.1
Penaeus vannameiXP_027209834.1
Penaeus chinensisXP_047471868.1
Scylla paramamosainACN54752.1
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Zhang, W.; Wang, P.; Xiong, Y.; Chen, T.; Jiang, S.; Qiao, H.; Gong, Y.; Wu, Y.; Jin, S.; Fu, H. RNA Interference Analysis of the Functions of Cyclin B in Male Reproductive Development of the Oriental River Prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense). Genes 2022, 13, 2079. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/genes13112079

AMA Style

Zhang W, Wang P, Xiong Y, Chen T, Jiang S, Qiao H, Gong Y, Wu Y, Jin S, Fu H. RNA Interference Analysis of the Functions of Cyclin B in Male Reproductive Development of the Oriental River Prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense). Genes. 2022; 13(11):2079. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/genes13112079

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Wenyi, Pengchao Wang, Yiwei Xiong, Tianyong Chen, Sufei Jiang, Hui Qiao, Yongsheng Gong, Yan Wu, Shubo Jin, and Hongtuo Fu. 2022. "RNA Interference Analysis of the Functions of Cyclin B in Male Reproductive Development of the Oriental River Prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense)" Genes 13, no. 11: 2079. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/genes13112079

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