Social and Emotional Learning and Internalizing Problems among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Resilience
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. SEL and Internalizing Problems
1.2. SEL and Resilience
1.3. Resilience and Internalizing Problems
1.4. The Present Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Materials
2.4. Data Analytic Approach
3. Results
3.1. Sample Characteristics
3.2. Preliminary Analyses
3.3. Main Analyses
3.3.1. Path Analysis. The Total Effect of SEL Dimensions on Internalizing Problems
3.3.2. Path Analysis. The Direct Effect of SEL Dimensions on the Resilience and the Direct Effect of the Resilience on Internalizing Problems
3.3.3. Path Analysis. The Indirect Effect of SEL Dimensions on Internalizing Problems through Resilience
3.4. The Alternative Models
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. SEL self-awareness | 3.30 | 0.45 | - | |||||||
2. SEL self-management | 3.06 | 0.49 | 0.55 * | - | ||||||
3. SEL social awareness | 3.45 | 0.46 | 0.41 * | 0.40 * | - | |||||
4. SEL relationship skills | 3.52 | 0.41 | 0.52 * | 0.49 * | 0.47 * | - | ||||
5. SEL responsible decision-making | 3.46 | 0.41 | 0.50 * | 0.53 * | 0.43 * | 0.52 * | - | |||
6. SEL total | 3.36 | 0.34 | 0.78 * | 0.79 * | 0.72 * | 0.78 * | 0.77 * | - | ||
7. Resilience | 3.69 | 0.69 | 0.47 * | 0.50 * | 0.37 * | 0.41 * | 0.35 * | 0.56 * | - | |
8. SDQ internalizing problems | 0.84 | 0.30 | −0.21 * | −0.29 * | 0.009 | −0.24 * | −0.20 * | −0.37 * | −0.25 * | - |
95% Confidence Interval | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Label | Estimate | SE | Lower | Upper | Z | p | |||
SEL1 | → | REZ | a1 | 0.7329 | 0.0460 | 0.6454 | 0.8256 | 15.92 | <0.001 |
REZ | → | INT | b1 | −0.1532 | 0.0167 | −0.1867 | −0.1198 | −9.17 | <0.001 |
SEL2 | → | REZ | a2 | 0.7064 | 0.0404 | 0.623 | 0.7836 | 17.49 | <0.001 |
REZ | → | INT | b2 | −0.1323 | 0.0166 | −0.165 | −0.0997 | −7.99 | <0.001 |
SEL3 | → | REZ | a3 | 0.6967 | 0.0518 | 0.594 | 0.7970 | 13.45 | <0.001 |
REZ | → | INT | b3 | −0.1434 | 0.0175 | −0.178 | −0.1095 | −8.18 | <0.001 |
SEL4 | → | REZ | a4 | 0.6073 | 0.0551 | 0.498 | 0.7143 | 11.03 | <0.001 |
REZ | → | INT | b4 | −0.1510 | 0.0165 | −0.184 | −0.1186 | −9.13 | <0.001 |
SEL | → | REZ | a | 1.1293 | 0.0576 | 1.016 | 1.24192 | 19.62 | <0.001 |
REZ | → | INT | b | −0.1492 | 0.0189 | −0.186 | −0.11153 | −7.90 | <0.001 |
95% Confidence Interval | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Label | Estimate | SE | Lower | Upper | Z | p | |
Direct | c1 | −0.0367 | 0.0242 | −0.0828 | 0.0114 | −1.51 | 0.130 |
Direct | c2 | −0.0908 | 0.0209 | −0.133 | −0.0497 | −4.34 | <0.001 |
Direct | c3 | −0.0869 | 0.0282 | −0.142 | −0.0311 | −3.08 | 0.002 |
Direct | c4 | −0.0631 | 0.0251 | −0.112 | −0.0147 | −2.52 | 0.012 |
Direct | c | −0.0558 | 0.0326 | −0.119 | 0.00799 | −1.71 | 0.087 |
Indirect | a1 × b1 | −0.1123 | 0.0136 | −0.1404 | −0.0859 | −8.26 | <0.001 |
Indirect | a2 × b2 | −0.0934 | 0.0124 | −0.119 | −0.0700 | −7.55 | <0.001 |
Indirect | a3 × b3 | −0.0999 | 0.0157 | −0.133 | −0.0711 | −6.36 | <0.001 |
Indirect | a4 × b4 | −0.0917 | 0.0137 | −0.120 | −0.0659 | −6.67 | <0.001 |
Indirect | a × b | −0.1685 | 0.0230 | −0.213 | −0.12358 | −7.33 | <0.001 |
Total | c1 + a1 × b1 | −0.1490 | 0.0221 | −0.1924 | −0.1047 | −6.75 | <0.001 |
Total | c2 + a2 × b2 | −0.1842 | 0.0196 | −0.223 | −0.1452 | −9.39 | <0.001 |
Total | c3 + a3 × b3 | −0.1868 | 0.0247 | −0.236 | −0.1380 | −7.57 | <0.001 |
Total | c4 + a4 × b4 | −0.1548 | 0.0242 | −0.202 | −0.1069 | −6.39 | <0.001 |
Total | c + a × b | −0.2243 | 0.0280 | −0.278 | −0.16927 | −8.01 | <0.001 |
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Colomeischi, A.A.; Ursu, A.; Bogdan, I.; Ionescu-Corbu, A.; Bondor, R.; Conte, E. Social and Emotional Learning and Internalizing Problems among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Resilience. Children 2022, 9, 1326. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/children9091326
Colomeischi AA, Ursu A, Bogdan I, Ionescu-Corbu A, Bondor R, Conte E. Social and Emotional Learning and Internalizing Problems among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Resilience. Children. 2022; 9(9):1326. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/children9091326
Chicago/Turabian StyleColomeischi, Aurora Adina, Andreea Ursu, Ionela Bogdan, Alina Ionescu-Corbu, Romina Bondor, and Elisabetta Conte. 2022. "Social and Emotional Learning and Internalizing Problems among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Resilience" Children 9, no. 9: 1326. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/children9091326