Recent Advances in Arboviral Vaccines: Emerging Platforms and Promising Innovations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Arboviral Vaccine Platforms
2.1. Insect-Specific Viruses Platform
2.1.1. Eilat Virus (EILV)
2.1.2. Binjari Virus (BINJV)
2.2. DNA Vaccine Platform
2.3. Nanoparticle-Based Platform
2.4. Mosquito Salivary Protein Vaccine
2.5. mRNA Vaccine
3. Host Immune Response and Arboviral Vaccine Designing
4. Non-Vaccine Methods to Control Arboviruses
5. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Vaccine Name | Target Virus | Encoded Proteins | Nucleoside Modification | Delivery Method | Animal Model | Outcome | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mRNA-1325 | ZIKV | prM/E | No | LNP | Mice | Complete protection, reduction in viral titers and fetal resorption | [94] |
Nucleoside-modified RNA vaccine | ZIKV | prM/ENV | Yes | LNP | Macaques | Potent neutralizing antibodies, protection, prevention of congenital transmission and fetal abnormalities | [93] |
mRNA-LNP | ZIKV | prM/E | No | LNP | Mice, Macaques | Host-protective antibodies, sterilizing immunity, prevention of vertical transmission | [92] |
DENV1-NS | DENV | NS3, NS4B, NS5 | No | LNP | Mice | Potent T cell response, reduction in DENV1 infection | [90] |
prM/E mRNA-LNP | DENV | prM/E | Yes | LNP | Mice | Neutralizing antibodies, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, increased ADE levels | [95] |
mRNA-1944 | CHIKV | CHKV-24 monoclonal antibody | Yes | LNP | Mice | Potent neutralizing antibody, prevention of viremia | [96] |
mRNA-1388 | CHIKV | prM/E | Yes | LNP | Mice, Macaques | Potent neutralizing antibody, protection against challenge | [91] |
Vaccine Platform | Limitations |
---|---|
Insect-specific viruses (ISVs) | Safety and efficacy require further research. |
DNA vaccine | Limited immune response in humans. Delivery issues, difficulties in effective DNA delivery to host cells. Potential stability issues and genomic integration risks. Risk of triggering anti-DNA antibodies, causing autoimmune reactions. Challenging regulatory approval. |
Nanoparticle-based vaccines | Low stability, structural heterogeneity, potential immunogenicity, high toxicity, and off-target activity. Challenges in efficient delivery to target sites. |
Salivary protein vaccines | Ongoing research to understand biology. Vaccines derived from one mosquito species’ saliva might not be effective against different mosquito species. The approach will be ineffective for arboviral infections acquired via sexual or blood transfusion. Potential issues with allergic responses or negative effects from exposure to saliva proteins. |
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Pujhari, S. Recent Advances in Arboviral Vaccines: Emerging Platforms and Promising Innovations. Biologics 2024, 4, 1-16. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biologics4010001
Pujhari S. Recent Advances in Arboviral Vaccines: Emerging Platforms and Promising Innovations. Biologics. 2024; 4(1):1-16. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biologics4010001
Chicago/Turabian StylePujhari, Sujit. 2024. "Recent Advances in Arboviral Vaccines: Emerging Platforms and Promising Innovations" Biologics 4, no. 1: 1-16. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biologics4010001