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Antioxidants
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Antioxidants in Skin Aging
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Antioxidants in Skin Aging

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2024) | Viewed by 34898

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Yong Chool Boo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang‐ro, Jung‐gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
Interests: skin aging; antiging cosmeceuticals; natural antioxidants; bioactive peptides; pigmentation; redox biology; vascular biology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In modern society, skin aging is important from both a medical and cosmetic point of view, so studies to understand the mechanism of skin aging and develop anti-aging strategies are attracting attention. Skin aging is usually divided into intrinsic aging, which we experience as we age, and extrinsic aging caused by ultraviolet rays, environmental pollution, drugs, etc., but it is an overlapping and very complex phenomenon. Therefore, skin anti-aging strategies require a multidisciplinary and combinatorial approach. Since skin aging commonly involves reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signaling or oxidative damage, antioxidant-based anti-aging strategies that supplement antioxidants externally or enhance the antioxidant capacity of cells are considered particularly important. This Special Issue aims to highlight the latest innovative research on ‘antioxidants in skin aging’. Its scope will cover, but not be limited to, the detailed topics below. We look forward to the submission of original articles and reviews that present new discoveries and insightful opinions by researchers who have made outstanding achievements in this research field.

  1. Natural aging and photo-aging of the skin;
  2. Skin aging and ROS;
  3. Oxidative stress and skin cell senescence;
  4. Skin aging and changes in antioxidants/antioxidant enzymes;
  5. Skin aging and changes in the extracellular matrix;
  6. Antioxidant-based skin anti-aging strategy;
  7. Vitamins and nutrients for skin antiaging;
  8. Stem cells and skin regeneration;
  9. Clinical studies on skin aging and antiaging;
  10. Other research related to 'antioxidants in skin aging'.

Prof. Dr. Yong Chool Boo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

18 pages, 3880 KiB  
Article
Differential Effects of Histidine and Histidinamide versus Cysteine and Cysteinamide on Copper Ion-Induced Oxidative Stress and Cytotoxicity in HaCaT Keratinocytes
by Jae Won Ha, Joon Yong Choi and Yong Chool Boo
Antioxidants 2023, 12(4), 801; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox12040801 - 25 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1579
Abstract
Metal chelators are used for various industrial and medical purposes based on their physicochemical properties and biological activities. In biological systems, copper ions bind to certain enzymes as cofactors to confer catalytic activity or bind to specific proteins for safe storage and transport. [...] Read more.
Metal chelators are used for various industrial and medical purposes based on their physicochemical properties and biological activities. In biological systems, copper ions bind to certain enzymes as cofactors to confer catalytic activity or bind to specific proteins for safe storage and transport. However, unbound free copper ions can catalyze the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative stress and cell death. The present study aims to identify amino acids with copper chelation activities that might mitigate oxidative stress and toxicity in skin cells exposed to copper ions. A total of 20 free amino acids and 20 amidated amino acids were compared for their copper chelation activities in vitro and the cytoprotective effects in cultured HaCaT keratinocytes exposed to CuSO4. Among the free amino acids, cysteine showed the highest copper chelation activity, followed by histidine and glutamic acid. Among the amidated amino acids, cysteinamide showed the highest copper chelation activity, followed by histidinamide and aspartic acid. CuSO4 (0.4–1.0 mM) caused cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the free and amidated amino acids (1.0 mM), only histidine and histidinamide prevented the HaCaT cell death induced by CuSO4 (1.0 mM). Cysteine and cysteinamide had no cytoprotective effects despite their potent copper-chelating activities. EDTA and GHK-Cu, which were used as reference compounds, had no cytoprotective effects either. Histidine and histidinamide suppressed the CuSO4-induced ROS production, glutathione oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation in HaCaT cells, whereas cysteine and cysteinamide had no such effects. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) showed copper-chelating activity at 0.5–1.0 mM (34–68 mg mL−1). Histidine, histidinamide, and BSA at 0.5–1.0 mM enhanced the viability of cells exposed to CuCl2 or CuSO4 (0.5 mM or 1.0 mM) whereas cysteine and cysteinamide had no such effects. The results of this study suggest that histidine and histidinamide have more advantageous properties than cysteine and cysteinamide in terms of alleviating copper ion-induced toxic effects in the skin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Skin Aging)
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21 pages, 7558 KiB  
Article
Ethyl Gallate Isolated from Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii Branches Inhibits Melanogenesis and Promotes Autophagy in B16F10 Cells
by Moon-Hee Choi, Seung-Hwa Yang, Da-Song Kim, Nam-Doo Kim and Hyun-Jae Shin
Antioxidants 2023, 12(2), 269; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox12020269 - 25 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1871
Abstract
The Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii (CCS) plant grows predominantly in temperate regions of Asian countries, such as South Korea. Research on CCS has so far concentrated on the nutritional analysis, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammation properties of its branches. However, the isolation of compounds [...] Read more.
The Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii (CCS) plant grows predominantly in temperate regions of Asian countries, such as South Korea. Research on CCS has so far concentrated on the nutritional analysis, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammation properties of its branches. However, the isolation of compounds and structural elucidation of effective single molecules remain unexplored, necessitating further exploration of CCS branches. Therefore, this study demonstrates the antioxidant and antimelanogenic activity of a single substance of ethyl gallate (EG) isolated from CCS branch extracts. Notably, the antimelanogenic (whitening) activity of EG extracted from CCS branches remains unexplored. Tyrosinase inhibition, kinetic enzyme assays, and molecular docking studies were conducted using mushroom tyrosinase in order to examine the antioxidant mechanism and antimelanin activity of EG in B16F10 melanoma cells. Nontoxic EG concentrations were found to be below 5 µg/mL. While EG significantly reduced the levels of whitening-associated proteins, p-CREB, and p-PKA, it dose-dependently inhibited the expression of TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, and transcription factor (MITF). In addition, EG downregulated melanogenetic gene expression and activated autophagy signals. Therefore, EG extracted from CCS branches could serve as a novel functional cosmetic material with antimelanogenic and autophagy-enhancing activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Skin Aging)
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14 pages, 4330 KiB  
Article
Kaempferide Prevents Photoaging of Ultraviolet-B Irradiated NIH-3T3 Cells and Mouse Skin via Regulating the Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Signalings
by Jong-Kyu Choi, Oh-Yun Kwon and Seung-Ho Lee
Antioxidants 2023, 12(1), 11; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox12010011 - 21 Dec 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1830
Abstract
Kaempferide (KFD) is a naturally occurring flavonoid that exists in various medicinal plants. The pharmaceutical properties of KFD, including its anti-cancer, antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects, have been noted, but the effects of KFD on photoaging and their underlying molecular mechanism have yet to [...] Read more.
Kaempferide (KFD) is a naturally occurring flavonoid that exists in various medicinal plants. The pharmaceutical properties of KFD, including its anti-cancer, antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects, have been noted, but the effects of KFD on photoaging and their underlying molecular mechanism have yet to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of KFD on Ultraviolet-B (UVB)-mediated photoaging processes using in vitro and in vivo photoaging model systems. The topical administration of KFD on mouse dorsal areas suppressed UVB-mediated wrinkle formation and epidermal thickening. In addition, the UVB-mediated reduction of dermal collagen content, which was estimated by Masson’s trichrome staining, was recovered through KFD treatments. Furthermore, we found that UVB-induced abnormal values of procollagen type-1 (COL1A1), metalloproteinases (MMP-1a and MMP-3) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-8, MCP-3 and IL-6) on mouse skin tissue as well as NIH-3T3 cells was recovered through KFD treatment. The administration of KFD to NIH-3T3 cells suppressed the UVB-mediated upregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and AKT phosphorylation. Furthermore, the treatment of ROS inhibitor restored the UVB-induced MAPKs and AKT phosphorylation as well as the abnormal expression of photoaging related genes. These findings indicate that KFD can attenuate UVB-induced ROS elevation to elicit anti-photoaging activity. Taken together, our data suggest that KFD could be developed as a potential natural anti-photoaging agent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Skin Aging)
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15 pages, 2778 KiB  
Article
Anti-Aging Effect and Mechanism of Proanthocyanidins Extracted from Sea buckthorn on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Aging Human Skin Fibroblasts
by Xinying Liu, Yi Xing, Michael Yuen, Tina Yuen, Hywel Yuen and Qiang Peng
Antioxidants 2022, 11(10), 1900; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11101900 - 25 Sep 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4489
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the leading cause of skin aging damage. Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) triggers a decrease in collagen synthesis and an increase in collagen degradation, which are biomarkers [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress is the leading cause of skin aging damage. Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) triggers a decrease in collagen synthesis and an increase in collagen degradation, which are biomarkers of skin aging. We evaluated the potential protective mechanism of Sea buckthorn proanthocyanidins (SBP) against the oxidative stress-induced skin aging process from multiple aspects. We treated human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) with 300 µmoL/L of H2O2 for 24 h, followed by 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL of SBP for 24 h. The results showed that SBP could enhance the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), effectively remove excess ROS, and significantly improve the changes in cell morphology and viability caused by excessive ROS in skin cells. In addition, SBP could promote the synthesis of Col I in aging HSFs through the TGF-β1/Smads pathway and inhibit the degradation of Col I by regulating the MMPs/TIMPs system, thereby maintaining the stability of the ECM structure to achieve anti-aging purposes. Finally, we studied the migration ability of SBP, and the results showed that 100 µg/mL of SBP was most conducive to the cell migration of senescent cells, laying a foundation for follow-up animal experiments. These results will increase the application value of SBP in the cosmetic and antioxidative functional food industries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Skin Aging)
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14 pages, 4065 KiB  
Article
Hesperidin Protects Human HaCaT Keratinocytes from Particulate Matter 2.5-Induced Apoptosis via the Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Autophagy
by Pincha Devage Sameera Madushan Fernando, Mei Jing Piao, Kyoung Ah Kang, Ao Xuan Zhen, Herath Mudiyanselage Udari Lakmini Herath, Hee Kyoung Kang, Yung Hyun Choi and Jin Won Hyun
Antioxidants 2022, 11(7), 1363; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11071363 - 14 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1950
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies have reported that particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) causes skin aging and skin inflammation and impairs skin homeostasis. Hesperidin, a bioflavonoid that is abundant in citrus species, reportedly has anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we evaluated the cytoprotective effect [...] Read more.
Numerous epidemiological studies have reported that particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) causes skin aging and skin inflammation and impairs skin homeostasis. Hesperidin, a bioflavonoid that is abundant in citrus species, reportedly has anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we evaluated the cytoprotective effect of hesperidin against PM2.5-mediated damage in a human skin cell line (HaCaT). Hesperidin reduced PM2.5-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and oxidative cellular/organelle damage. PM2.5 increased the proportion of acridine orange-positive cells, levels of autophagy-related proteins, beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3, and apoptosis-related proteins, B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X protein, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-9. However, hesperidin ameliorated PM2.5-induced autophagy and apoptosis. PM2.5 promoted cellular apoptosis via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation by promoting the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38. The MAPK inhibitors U0126, SP600125, and SB203580 along with hesperidin exerted a protective effect against PM2.5-induced cellular apoptosis. Furthermore, hesperidin restored PM2.5-mediated reduction in cell viability via Akt activation; this was also confirmed using LY294002 (a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor). Overall, hesperidin shows therapeutic potential against PM2.5-induced skin damage by mitigating excessive ROS accumulation, autophagy, and apoptosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Skin Aging)
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Review

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26 pages, 3303 KiB  
Review
Hallmarks and Biomarkers of Skin Senescence: An Updated Review of Skin Senotherapeutics
by Darya Bulbiankova, Rocío Díaz-Puertas, Francisco Javier Álvarez-Martínez, María Herranz-López, Enrique Barrajón-Catalán and Vicente Micol
Antioxidants 2023, 12(2), 444; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox12020444 - 10 Feb 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5644
Abstract
Aging is a complex process characterized by an ongoing decline in physiological functions, leading to degenerative diseases and an increased probability of death. Cellular senescence has been typically considered as an anti-proliferative process; however, the chronic accumulation of senescent cells contributes to tissue [...] Read more.
Aging is a complex process characterized by an ongoing decline in physiological functions, leading to degenerative diseases and an increased probability of death. Cellular senescence has been typically considered as an anti-proliferative process; however, the chronic accumulation of senescent cells contributes to tissue dysfunction and aging. In this review, we discuss some of the most important hallmarks and biomarkers of cellular senescence with a special focus on skin biomarkers, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and senotherapeutic strategies to eliminate or prevent senescence. Although most of them are not exclusive to senescence, the expression of the senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) enzyme seems to be the most reliable biomarker for distinguishing senescent cells from those arrested in the cell cycle. The presence of a stable DNA damage response (DDR) and the accumulation of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) mediators and ROS are the most representative hallmarks for senescence. Senotherapeutics based on natural compounds such as quercetin, naringenin, and apigenin have shown promising results regarding SASP reduction. These compounds seem to prevent the accumulation of senescent cells, most likely through the inhibition of pro-survival signaling pathways. Although studies are still required to verify their short- and long-term effects, these therapies may be an effective strategy for skin aging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Skin Aging)
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18 pages, 923 KiB  
Review
Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) as a Cosmeceutical to Increase Dermal Collagen for Skin Antiaging Purposes: Emerging Combination Therapies
by Yong Chool Boo
Antioxidants 2022, 11(9), 1663; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antiox11091663 - 26 Aug 2022
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 16099
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AA) is an essential nutrient and has great potential as a cosmeceutical that protects the health and beauty of the skin. AA is expected to attenuate photoaging and the natural aging of the skin by reducing oxidative stress caused by external [...] Read more.
Ascorbic acid (AA) is an essential nutrient and has great potential as a cosmeceutical that protects the health and beauty of the skin. AA is expected to attenuate photoaging and the natural aging of the skin by reducing oxidative stress caused by external and internal factors and by promoting collagen gene expression and maturation. In this review, the biochemical basis of AA associated with collagen metabolism and clinical evidence of AA in increasing dermal collagen and inhibiting skin aging were discussed. In addition, we reviewed emerging strategies that have been developed to overcome the shortcomings of AA as a cosmeceutical and achieve maximum efficacy. Because extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagen, have unique amino acid compositions, their production in cells is influenced by the availability of specific amino acids. For example, glycine residues occupy 1/3 of amino acid residues in collagen protein, and the supply of glycine can be a limiting factor for collagen synthesis. Experiments showed that glycinamide was the most effective among the various amino acids and amidated amino acids in stimulating collagen production in human dermal fibroblasts. Thus, it is possible to synergistically improve collagen synthesis by combining AA analogs and amino acid analogs that act at different stages of the collagen production process. This combination therapy would be useful for skin antiaging that requires enhanced collagen production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants in Skin Aging)
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