Dear Colleagues,

Hypoxia and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) share a toxic dependency on each other. Both can be considered as types of redox stress—hypoxia is a result of lack of oxygen, whereas increased levels of ROS can result from increased levels of oxygen. Additionally, in cases of reoxygenation, hypoxia leads to an increase of ROS generation. There are various sources of ROS, of which there are three main types. One main source is the respiratory chain of the mitochondria, which produces increased numbers of ROS, especially in the presence of an excess of oxygen or after reoxygenation. Another source is the uncoupled NO synthase resulting from a lack of amino acids, which can be a result of hypoxia. The third source is the family of NADPH oxidases, enzymes whose only function is to generate ROS, such as superoxides and hydrogen peroxide. Several components of the NADPH oxidases are activated by the family of HIF transcription factors. However, the HIF transcription factors are also redox-sensitive themselves and can be activated by non-hypoxic redox processes. Despite considerable progress in understanding this relationship between hypoxia and ROS, the big picture regarding different physiological or pathophysiological conditions is only partly understood.

With this Special Issue, we want to shed light on this field. Therefore, we kindly invite you to submit your latest research findings or reviews covering two aspects in particular—new knowledge of the mechanisms and pathways involved in the generation and actions of ROS under or after hypoxia and under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, and new knowledge of regulations of mediators of hypoxic pathways in which ROS are involved. Additionally, papers describing new methods that can be used to detect and distinguish different types of ROS under hypoxic conditions are welcomed. We believe this Special Issue will offer a snapshot of the current knowledge of the interplay between ROS and hypoxia, which will not only include important current advances, but will also be a worthwhile resource for researchers worldwide wanting to deepen their knowledge in this field.

We look forward to your contributions and will be happy to discuss your suggestions.

Dr. Andreas Petry
Prof. Dr. Agnes Görlach
Guest Editors

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• hypoxia
• reoxygenation
• oxidative stress
• respiratory chain
• uncoupled NO synthase
• NADPH oxidases